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The aim of the article is to study and analyse literary devices, used in Old German literature for the expression of state gestalt images. Methods. Methods of linguistic analysis, and comparative and historical-cultural analysis were used in the study. Means of descriptive statistics, Pearson's criterion and Mann -- Whitney U-test were used. The use of Cronbach's alpha ensured the verification of the reliability of instruments and methods. Results. The conducted analysis of the comparison of three Old German literary monuments confirmed that there are no significant differences between "Nibelungenlied" and "Beowulf", which indicates the similarity in their structure and style. However, "Nibelungenlied" differs from "Edda" which certifies significant differences between these works. "Beowulf" also demonstrates significant differences with "Edda". These results also underline significant similarities between "Nibelungenlied" and "Beowulf", which are epic poems, and with "Edda", which is a collection of poems. In particular, the philosophical aspects of the verbalisation of Gestalt states were highlighted. Conclusion. The study has found that state gestalt images reflect not only images of characters and scenes but also translate features and aspects of collective world perception by Old German Society. The received results expand understanding of linguistic and stylistic peculiarities of Old German literature. Perspectives. Further studies should focus on the expression of gestalt images in modern German literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance of research. The article examines the process of verb formation in Germanic languages, as well as the peculiarities of the grammatical semantics of verbs at different historical stages of the development of Germanic languages. Using the comparative-historical method, the functioning of verbs in texts of Germanic languages was investigated as an aspect of neurolinguistic science. Research results. The article proves that most modal verbs of Germanic languages have undergone significant semantic transformations. The study of texts of different historical stages of language development shows that verbs evolved through semantic transformation. Time frames of the formation of secondary semantics were revealed. The theoretical and practical significance lies in the fact that this research allows a detailed study of the features of the emergence of the primary, as well as the secondary, subjective semantics of verbs in Germanic languages from a neuroscientific point of view. It should be noted that the list of subjective values still raises many questions and discussions. The German language has an extremely clear system of means of expressing modal values. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the neurolinguistic approach to the study of the evolution of Germanic verbs. The article aims to study the evolution of verbs in the German language in the context of neurolinguistics. To achieve the goal, the method of comparative analysis was used. This made it possible to consider the evolution of the verb through a comparative study of texts at the main stages of speech development. To solve these problems, texts reflecting the state of the language at each historical stage were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance to study the representations of ageing is conditioned by the necessity to understand the variety between generations, differences in age psychological attitudes and increased life expectancy, in particular in European countries. All this is reflected in fiction. The aim of this work is to outline the main features of artistic representations (indirect, «secondary» prototypes and images) of ageing (old age) in German-language literature of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, especially during modernism, postmodernism and the formation of modern society. The twentieth century in the literature is characterized by the development of such directions as modernism and postmodernism. The last one was originated as an ideological signpost associated with a certain unity of philosophical, theoretical, and methodological approaches. The concept of a human in these theories was marked by skepticism on the world caused by The First and The Second World Wars, sarcasm, irony, despair and hopelessness about the absurdity of the world. In the hieratic works of the twentiethcentury German-language literature, representations of old age and gerontological motives were very rarely central. Therefore, in social, physical and psychological dimensions, the ageing process has become richer over time. Literary representations of the elderly were mostly stereotyped. Since the early twentieth century the problem of depicting the elderly has acquired existential sense, postmodern view on human life, the search for human sense of life, human loneliness in society, the role of an individual in the periods before, during and after the two World Wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]