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The hiding capacity (HC), imperceptibility, and security are the 3 important quality measures for a steganography technique. While the stego-image is on transit on the internet, the hidden data may be changed because of various reasons. The existing techniques does neither focus on detecting the errors in the data nor to correct the errors in data. Therefore, this article brings forward a steganography technique, wherein error detection and correction can be performed at recipient side. The original image is logically sliced into $2\times 2$ disjoint blocks. From these 4 pixels, 4 quotients and 4 least significant bits (LSBs) are generated. Each quotient is the decimal value of 7 most significant bits (MSBs) of a pixel. In every block 8 data bits can be camouflaged. From the 8 data bits, 4 redundant bits are computed using modified Hamming code. The 8 data bits and one redundant bit are camouflaged in the quotients by either quotient value differencing (QVD) or bit substitution. If camouflaging is performed in quotients using QVD, then indicator bit is set to1. Otherwise, if camouflaging in quotients is performed using bit substitution, then indicator bit is set to 0. The 3 remaining redundant bits along with the indicator bit are stored in the LSBs of the 4 pixels. At the receiver side, data could be extracted, and error correction procedure could be applied to correct 1-bit error over the 8 bits of data extracted from a block. From the experimental reports it could be concluded that the errors in the retrieved data at the recipient can be detected and corrected without reducing the HC and without increasing the distortion.

Microgrids are being evolved as a potential alternative to reduce unrelenting dependency on central utility grids. Moreover, integrated multi-microgrid based clusters are forming in closed vicinities to enhance the benefits of microgrids. However, the power quality problem is one of the key issues to be solved in such systems, which is mainly caused by the rising penetration of nonlinear loads and interfacing of power electronic converters. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new control technique, named “adaptive neuro-fuzzy control strategy”. This controls the inverter of each microgrid in the cluster as well as the voltage source converter-based distribution static compensator located at the point of common coupling between the cluster and the utility grid. This proposed control strategy uses the advantages of both fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks, thereby effectively controlling the system. The proposed technique is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink software 2021a. For the analysis, various power quality indices such as voltage sag/swell, voltage unbalance, frequency deviations, power characteristics, total harmonic distortion, and neutral current compensation are measured. These indices of the proposed controller are compared with conventional PI and fuzzy logic-based controllers in view of various key IEEE/IEC standard tolerances. From these results, the proposed controller has proved its superiority.

The energetic events on the sun, solar wind and subsequent effects on the Earth's geomagnetic field and upper atmosphere (ionosphere) comprise space weather. Modern navigation systems that use radio-wave signals, reflecting from or propagating through the ionosphere as a means of determining range or distance, are vulnerable to a variety of effects that can degrade the performance of the navigational systems. In particular, the Global Positioning System (GPS) that uses a constellation of earth orbiting satellites are affected due to the space weather phenomena. Studies made during two successive geomagnetic storms that occurred during the period from 8 to 12 November 2004, have clearly revealed the adverse affects on the GPS range delay as inferred from the Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements made from a chain of seven dual frequency GPS receivers installed in the Indian sector. Significant increases in TEC at the Equatorial Ionization anomaly crest region are observed, resulting in increased range delay during the periods of the storm activity. Further, the storm time rapid changes occurring in TEC resulted in a number of phase slips in the GPS signal compared to those on quiet days. These phase slips often result in the loss of lock of the GPS receivers, similar to those that occur during strong(>10 dB) L-band scintillation events, adversely affecting the GPS based navigation.

Abstract The need for technologies that can clean the air indoors has grown in pace with the rise in outside pollution. Maintaining interior environment adaptability requires a permanent air purification system that may be utilized to control PM2.5/10. In addition to more traditional methods of air purification, developing advanced control systems that effectively reduce PM levels sustainably is necessary. Pulsed radio waves may expedite the dry deposition of particles having aerodynamic dimensions of less than 30 µm. The charging and coagulation processes are evaluated in an indoor restricted environment. Experimental results reveal a similar pattern to the Monte Carlo models. Distribution of charge due to the nature of the charging environment increases the coagulation rate. Contained experimental testing confirms the filtering system functions as expected, corroborated by the present research. Daily average levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were lowered by between 55 and 41% according to a study done in three indoor settings using the control technology. Research conducted throughout all seasons showed that the approach was consistently efficient in reducing PM2.5/10. It was shown that PM concentrations could be lowered by around 45 percent using pulse radio wave technology, leading to this conclusion. The use of electromagnetic waves (EM waves) to eliminate air pollution has been suggested as a radical new approach. Considering the limitations of already used strategies, this is of paramount significance while considering solutions to control air pollution.

The present research aims to improve the convective thermal transport rate of a hybrid nanofluid within an inverted T‐shaped porous enclosure using strategically placed cold circular cylinders. Different locations of circular cylinders in the physical domain are distinguished with nomenclatures as Cases C0‐C4. The mathematical model, based on the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer equation, is numerically simulated through the penalty finite element method. Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are depicted graphically, showcasing streamlines, isotherms, mean Nusselt number (Num$Nu_m$), and heat transfer enhancement percentage (En%) across varied thermo‐physical parameters, including Rayleigh number (Ra=103−106$Ra=10^3-10^6$), Darcy number (Da=10−5−10−2$Da=10^{-5}-10^{-2}$), and porosity values (ε=0.1−0.9$\epsilon =0.1-0.9$). Notably, the presence of two circular cylinders at the bottom flow zones (Case C4) demonstrates superior heat transfer compared to other spatial cylinder arrangements with increasing Ra$Ra$. Furthermore, augmenting flow parameters (Ra,Da,ε$Ra, Da, \epsilon$) in the case C4 model intensifies convective heat and fluid flow phenomena. A comparative analysis of thermal transport activity between Case C4 and the simple physical domain (Case C0) reveals maximum thermal enhancement of 166%, 167%, and 36% across varying Ra$Ra$, Da$Da$, and ε$\epsilon$ values. This comprehensive analysis suggests that two circular cylinders (Case C4) at the bottom flow section of the porous enclosure provide an effective strategy for enhancing convective fluid and thermal transport phenomena in an inverted T‐shaped porous enclosure. Moreover, this research significantly contributes in optimizing the thermal transport engineering of T‐shaped applications like solar collectors, exchangers, and heat storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to enhance convective thermal transport in an inverted T-shaped porous enclosure filled with a water-based hybrid nanofluid, incorporating a circular cylinder at different vertical locations (Case C1-no cylinder, Case C1-cylinder at (0.5, 0.25), Case C2-cylinder at (0.5, 0.5), Case C3-cylinder at (0.5, 0.75)). The numerical investigation employs the penalty finite element technique to simulate the Darcy–Brinkmann–Forchheimer-based mathematical model. Moreover, the complete results of streamlines, isotherms, mean Nusselt number (Num), and thermal enhancement percentage ( En % ) are analyzed at the broad range of flow parameters, including Rayleigh number ( Ra = ( 10 3 − 10 6 ) ), Darcy number ( Da = ( 10 − 5 − 10 − 2 ) ), and porosity value ( ϵ = (0.1 − 0.9) ). Initial comparative investigations of different configurations (C0–C3) at selected Ra values reveal that case C1 exhibits significant potential for enhancing convective heat transport phenomena. Consequently, only case C1 physical domain has been explicitly analyzed for convective heat and fluid flow characteristics at the selected range of flow parameters. Further, it is analyzed that the increasing range of Ra, Da, and ϵ enhances the convective heat and fluid flow phenomena. Furthermore, the comparative study of Num and En % for case C1 against the simple case C0 reveals substantial improvements as Ra, Da, and ϵ increase. The En % for Da and Ra reaches up to 97%, while a maximum of 25% improvement is observed with varying values of ϵ. These findings highlight the promising opportunities to optimize convective thermal transport in the investigated system, mainly through adopting case C1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaverse has garnered considerable attention in recent times. Given its swift pace of development, it is imperative to study the adoption of the metaverse. This study analyses the perceptions and drivers influencing the behavioural intention to use the metaverse among Generation Z and millennials by employing a sequential mixed‐methods approach. In the first stage of the study, in‐depth expert interviews were conducted (n = 20), and the subsequent stage featured a countrywide survey (n = 1253). The outcomes of this study indicate that perceived usefulness, personal innovativeness, perceived enjoyment, facilitating conditions, telepresence, social presence, trust, and regulatory support influence attitudes and behavioural intentions towards the metaverse. The findings also reveal a significant difference in the strength of a few relationships across age, gender, and income levels, shedding light on the crucial factors for organisations seeking to position themselves strategically among various demographic groups. This study significantly contributes to the existing knowledge on emerging optimistic and pessimistic perceptions and factors affecting the adoption of the metaverse. By harnessing these outcomes, organisations can enhance the development and promotion of metaverse experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this numerical study, a two-dimensional double-diffusive convective flow of a hybrid nanofluid in an inverted T-shaped porous media has been thoroughly investigated. The governing equations comprise the generalized Darcy-Forchheimer-Brinkman-based model along with the heat and mass transport equations. Furthermore, a penalty finite element approach has been employed for numerical simulation of the evolved mathematical model at the broad range of pertinent influencing parameters, including buoyancy ratio (N), Lewis number (Le), Darcy number (Da), and porosity value (ϵ) as a function of Rayleigh number (Ra). The results and discussion have been demonstrated through the results variations of streamlines, isotherms, isoconcentration, mean Nusselt (Num), and Sherwood number (Shm) at the considered range of flow parameters. The results show that the smaller Ra ≤ 10 5 values remain insignificant for convective heat and mass transport efficiency, whereas augmentation of Ra ≥ 10 5 reinforces these flows. Moreover, higher Ra values help in studying the real influence of other pertinent parameters. The increasing value of ϵ and Da strengthen the convection fluid, heat, and solute transfer intensity. In the case of Lewis number, a notable effect on improving the solute transport rate is more dominant than the heat transport rate. Similarly, the flow regime of fluid and solute, as well as heat and mass transfer rate, are significantly influenced by ranging values of buoyancy ratio ( − 4 ≤ N ≤ 4 ). The buoyancy-added flow (N > 1) improves the convective strength of heat and mass flow rate more effectively than the buoyancy-opposed flow (N < 1). Furthermore, the variation of Num and Shm justify the results interpreted in each flow parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis numerical study aims to enhance the convective thermal and fluid flow characteristics in an inverted T-shaped porous enclosure saturated with a water-based special fluid. Moreover, a Darcy-extended Brinkman-Forchheimer-based mathematical model is numerically simulated with a penalty finite element approach to analyze the influence of aspect ratio and undulation effect on the developed mathematical model. Firstly, the various aspect ratios (Ar=0.25,0.50,and 0.75) of the mathematical model are numerically simulated at the varying range of Rayleigh number (Ra), which reveals that the increasing aspect ratios reinforce the convective heat and fluid flow phenomena. Moreover, it confirms the most pertinent aspect ratios (Ar = 0.50) that get superior results in reinforcing the convective flow among other aspect ratios. Furthermore, the optimal aspect ratio (Ar = 0.50) is further fixed to explore the parametric influences, including Rayleigh number (Ra=103−106), porosity value (ϵ=0.1−0.9), Darcy number (Da=10−5−10−2), and various undulation parameters such wave number (na=5,9,15) and amplitude of wavy surface (a=0,0.050,0.125,0.250). The results reveal that augmenting Ra, Da, and ϵ reinforces the convective thermal and fluid transport characteristics. Moreover, a combined effect of undulation factors (na,a) is also reported, indicating that decreasing na and increasing a magnitude strengthen the natural convection process. It is analyzed that the optimal combination of undulation parameters (na=5,a=0.25) results in a 16.15% in heat transfer enhancement. Additionally, maximum enhancements of 32.55%, 6.63%, and 41.47% in Num are reported while comparing between na = 5 and na = 15 for Ra, Da, and ϵ. Similarly, maximum enhancements of 17.87%, 16.10%, and 37.77% in Num are reported when comparing between a = 0.05 with a = 0.25 for Ra, Da, and ϵ. The research contributes valuable insights into improving thermal transport processes in real-world applications, especially in industrial solar power collectors, thermal exchangers, and heat storage industries that utilize the T-shaped configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on investigating whether depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), mediated by endocannabinoids, occurs in vivo and contributes to physiological function, particularly in the hippocampus. The topic covered is the identification of ELKIN1 as a putative ion channel activated by mechanical force, playing a crucial role in touch sensation in mice and expanding our understanding of the molecular basis of cutaneous sensation.

Background: The combined costs of direct medical care and time away from work due to chronic rhinosinusitis and sinonasal polyposis are substantial. Inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis, and a wide range of medication, including topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, saline irrigations, and systemic steroids, is available to treat it with surgery being done in cases not responding to maximal medical therapy. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of ENT at GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajamahendravaram, and Nimra Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India between, January 2022 to May 2023. In this study, forty patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Sinonasal Polyposis(CRSwP)are analyzed. In this study, pre and post operative systemic steroids were administered to 20 patients, while the other 20 received placebos. Critical data analysis was performed on operative and clinical information. Results: This investigation is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of pre- and post-operative systemic steroids in improving surgical outcomes for patients undergoing ESS for the treatment of CRSwP. We employed subjective and objective indicators of success. The major purpose of the research was to determine how steroid use affected these measures of subjective and objective well-being. Conclusion: Finally, adjuvant steroids, which are given, provide a better symptom relief and can help prevent postoperative issues such as scarring, synechiae formation, postoperative crusting, and recurrence as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present numerical work examines the effect of fractional order parameter on heat transfer and entropy generation for a thermo-magnetic convective flow of nanofluid (Cu-water) in a square porous enclosure that contains semi-circular bottom wall. The Darcy–Brinkmann–Forchheimer model is utilized to evaluate the momentum transfer in porous media, and the Caputo-time fractional derivative term is introduced in momentum as well as in the energy equation. Further, non-dimensional governing equations are simulated through the penalty finite element method, and the Caputo time derivative is approximated by L1-scheme. The study is carried out for various parameters, including Rayleigh number (Ra), Darcy number (Da), radius of the semicircle (r), fractional order (α), and Hartmann number (Ha). The comprehensive results are presented by the contour variation of isotherms, streamlines, and total entropy generation at the selected range of parameters. In addition, thermal transport and irreversibilities due to heat transfer, fluid friction, and magnetic field have been accounted through the numerical variation of mean Nusselt number (N u m) and Bejan number due to heat transfer (B e h t) , fluid friction (B e f f) , and magnetic field (B e m f) , respectively. The key findings of the present study reveal that during the initial evolution period, the Num value increases as α → 1. Additionally, time taken to achieve the steady state condition varies and depends on fractional order α. Furthermore, in the absence of Ha, the heat transfer and entropy generation intensifies with augmentation of Ra and Da for all α, while, the increasing value of Ha shows an adverse impact on the heat transfer rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several scientific news. It discusses practical demonstration of backpropagation-free training of wave-based physical neural networks, addressing challenges associated with conventional algorithms. It mentions about controlling thermal transport with a voltage-controlled thermal switch and the use of genomics to pinpoint the source and transit path of poached pangolins in Africa.

The current article illustrates the characteristics of the MHD free convective transport phenomenon in the thermal and mass stratified fluid-saturated Darcy-Forchheimer porous square cavity under the action of the cross-diffusion (Soret and Dufour effects) heat generation and chemical reaction effects. To acquire the spatial distribution of thermal fluxes along with directional propagation in chemically reactive and heat generative non-Darcy fluid flow, a newly developed heatline model for multi-force effect following the heat function theory is proposed in this study. In addition to the thermal profile visualization tools, the solutal free convective fluid flow fields are visually demonstrated by the massline contours curves using a novel mass-function model analogous to the heat function methodology. On the other hand, for the numerical solution of the non-dimensional form of the partial differential equations governing the study, the finite element method is applied. Moreover, the non-Darcy fluid flow attributes subjected to the multiple forces are graphically portrayed by the streamlines, isotherms, iso-concentrations, cumulative Nusselt/Sherwood number plots, heatlines, and masslines for the related dimensionless parameter. Here, these visuals delineate the contra-rotating fluid flow transition under both the thermal and concentration stratification forces. Especially, forceful retardation in both the thermal and concentration flux's movements is noticed when magnetic forces are intensified. An upward geometrical shift of the higher concentration region is seen with increasing chemical reaction parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the friction and wear of AA7075 nanocomposites reinforced with graphene and graphite were studied. Graphene's inclusion dramatically enhanced the material's mechanical characteristics, friction, and wear resistance. AA7075 is strengthened with less graphene, and AA7075, reinforced with more graphite, exhibits similar wear and friction behavior. Wear rate and coefficient of friction predictions for AA7075-graphene nanocomposites were made using five machine learning (ML) regression models. ML simulations reveal that the wear and friction of AA7075-graphene composites are most sensitive to the proportion of graphene presence, the loadings, and the hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]