1,422 results on '"S. Le Gall"'
Search Results
2. Latency-reversing agents and cellular activation affect antigen processing in primary CD4 T cells
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J. Boucau, J. Madouasse, D. Wambua, M.J. Berberich, and S. Le Gall
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Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2015
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Catalog
3. Electrical control of interfacial trapping for magnetic tunnel transistor on silicon.
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Y. Lu, D. Lacour, G. Lengaigne, S. Le Gall, S. Suire, F. Montaigne, M. Hehn, and M. W. Wu
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HOT electron transistors ,MAGNETIC tunnelling ,SEMICONDUCTOR wafer bonding ,BINDING energy ,ELECTRIC fields ,SILICON - Abstract
We demonstrate an electrical control of an interfacial trapping effect for hot electrons injected in silicon by studying a magnetic tunnel transistor on wafer bonded Si substrate. Below 25 K, hot electrons are trapped at the Cu/Si interface, resulting in collector current suppression through scattering in both parallel and antiparallel magnetic configurations. Consequently, the magneto-current ratio strongly decreases from 300% at 27K to 30% at 22 K. The application of a relatively small electric field (∼333 V/cm) across the Cu/Si interface is enough to strip the trapped electrons and restore the magneto-current ratio at low temperature. We also present a model taking into account the effects of both electric field and temperature that closely reproduces the experimental results and allows extraction of the trapping binding energy (∼1.6meV) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2014
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4. Magnetic and magnetoresistive characterization of a top-pinned spin-valve with a multilayer with perpendicular-to-plane anisotropy deposited on top.
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Ferhat, Zahia, Rivelles, Alejandro, Abuín, Manuel, Guedas, Rodrigo, and Prieto, José L.
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MAGNETIC anisotropy ,FLUX pinning ,SPIN valves ,MAGNETIC domain walls ,ANISOTROPY - Abstract
In this work, we have performed a first-order reversal curve study of the magnetization process of a top-pinned spin valve when a Pt/Co multilayer with perpendicular to plane anisotropy is deposited on top of the structure, near the pinned layer. We find that the magnetostatic interaction with the Pt/Co multilayer largely alters the magnetization process of both the pinned and the free layer of the spin valve, giving their magnetization a perpendicular-to-plane component, although some areas remain pinned in the plane. With this complex multilayer set, we fabricated nanostrips using a patterned Pt/Co multilayer on top of the spin valve as a pinning point for the magnetic domain wall traveling through the free layer. The Pt/Co feature on top of the spin valve strip pins the domain wall, although only in the return branch of the free layer magnetoresistance loop. The transport measurements show that the associated depinning field of the Pt/Co pinning feature is relatively weak. Nevertheless, the strong influence of the Pt/Co multilayer on the spin valve, visible in the magnetic characterization, indicates that this type of pinning defect may well be a good alternative in some spintronic devices, where the application requires adjusting the pinning strength of the local defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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5. Element and carotenoid contents in the oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) with different shell pigmentation intensities.
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Nekhoroshev, M. V., Kozintsev, A. F., Gureeva, E. V., Kapranov, S. V., Kapranova, L. L., and Ryabushko, V. I.
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Contents of purple pigments in weakly and strongly pigmented shells of the Pacific oyster reared on a shellfish farm (Sevastopol, Crimea) were measured, and it was established that in soft tissues of oysters with strong shell pigmentation, the carotenoid content is significantly higher than in the weakly pigmented ones. The contents of the purple pigment in shells and carotenoids in soft tissues of two color morphs are described by a single linear relationship, and mechanisms of the pigment accumulation in shells and soft tissues appear to be coupled. It was shown that the concentrations of elements with small atomic numbers (Li-Ag) are generally higher in soft tissues of oysters with weakly colored shells, while the concentrations of heavier elements (Cd-U) tend to be higher in soft tissues of individuals with the intense shell pigmentation. The findings open the way toward making use of shell pigmentation as an indicator of the contents of biologically active materials in soft tissues of the Pacific oyster and breeding of oysters with strong shell pigmentation as more carotenoid-enriched and commercially valuable seafood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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6. Thermogelation of nanoemulsions stabilized by a commercial pea protein isolate: high-pressure homogenization defines gel strength.
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Renggli, Damian and Doyle, Patrick S.
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- 2025
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7. Detection of Cancer Stem Cells from Patient Samples.
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Hakala, Sofia, Hämäläinen, Anna, Sandelin, Sanne, Giannareas, Nikolaos, and Närvä, Elisa
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CELL populations ,RNA sequencing ,DISEASE progression ,TRANSCRIPTOMES ,UNITS of measurement ,CANCER stem cells - Abstract
The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various tumors has become increasingly clear in addition to their prominent role in therapy resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. For early diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, and targeting, there is a high demand for clinical-grade methods for quantitative measurement of CSCs from patient samples. Despite years of active research, standard measurement of CSCs has not yet reached clinical settings, especially in the case of solid tumors. This is because detecting this plastic heterogeneous population of cells is not straightforward. This review summarizes various techniques, highlighting their benefits and limitations in detecting CSCs from patient samples. In addition, methods designed to detect CSCs based on secreted and niche-associated signaling factors are reviewed. Spatial and single-cell methods for analyzing patient tumor tissues and noninvasive techniques such as liquid biopsy and in vivo imaging are discussed. Additionally, methods recently established in laboratories, preclinical studies, and clinical assays are covered. Finally, we discuss the characteristics of an ideal method as we look toward the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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8. Effect of DLPFC rTMS on anhedonia and alpha asymmetry in depressed patients.
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Kazemi, Reza, Rostami, Reza, Hadipour, Abed L., Zandbagleh, Ahmad, Khomami, Sanaz, Kiaee, Nasim, Coetzee, John P., Philips, Angela, and Mausoof Adamson, Maheen
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Anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, has been defined as the loss of pleasure or lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli. Considering the relevance of alpha asymmetry to MDD and anhedonia, we explored the effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation on frontal and posterior EEG alpha asymmetry (FAA and PAA, respectively), in this exploratory investigation. 61 participants randomly received sham (n = 11), bilateral (BS; n = 25), or unilateral stimulation (US; n = 25) of the DLPFC. The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) was administered. FAA and PAA were calculated by subtracting the natural log-transformed alpha power of the right (F8 or T6) from that of the left (F7 or T5) EEG channel. Furthermore, alpha peak was defined as the frequency where alpha power was at its maximum. BS and US both reduced anhedonia symptoms in the active compared to the sham group. Even non-responders in the BS group showed a decreased anhedonia. Interestingly in the BS group, only the patients who showed a right-lateralized FAA or PAA at baseline showed a reduction in anhedonia. However, in the US group, only patients with left-lateralized FAA or right-lateralized PAA showed a decrease in anhedonia. PAA at baseline predicted symptoms post treatment. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between baseline alpha peak values and SHAPS scores post treatment were found in the BS group. PAA was a better predictor of anhedonia and reduction of depressive symptoms in both groups. BS may produce larger effects with regard to anhedonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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9. Single chain fragment variable, a new theranostic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
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Zahid, Rukhshan, Wang, Juncheng, Cai, Zecheng, Ishtiaq, Ayesha, Liu, Meng, Ma, Dan, Liang, Yan, and Xu, Yuekang
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IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY ,MOLECULAR biology ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,IMMUNE response ,WORLD health - Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a significant global health challenge, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advancements in CVD management, pharmaceutical treatments often suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and high toxicity. With the rapid progress of modern molecular biology and immunology, however, single-chain fragment variable (scFv) molecule engineering has emerged as a promising theranostic tool to offer specificity and versatility in targeting CVD-related antigens. To represent the latest development on the potential of scFv in the context of CVDs, this review summarized the new mechanism of action and applications as therapeutic, as well as diagnostic agents. Furthermore, the advantages of scFv, including its small size, ease of modification, and ability to be engineered for enhanced affinity and specificity, are also described. Finally, such challenges as immunogenicity, stability, and scalability, alongside strategies to overcome these hurdles, are deeply scrutinized to provide safer and more effective strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of the incurable CVDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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10. Geography, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genomics of Salmonella enterica (Serotypes Newport and Anatum) from Meat in Mexico (2021–2023).
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Reynoso, Eduardo Canek, Delgado-Suárez, Enrique Jesús, Hernández-Pérez, Cindy Fabiola, Chavarin-Pineda, Yaselda, Godoy-Lozano, Elizabeth Ernestina, Fierros-Zárate, Geny, Aguilar-Vera, Omar Alejandro, Castillo-Ramírez, Santiago, Gómez-Pedroso, Luz del Carmen Sierra, and Sánchez-Zamorano, Luisa María more...
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SALMONELLA enterica ,FOODBORNE diseases ,DRUG resistance in microorganisms ,PAN-genome ,WATCHFUL waiting ,COMPARATIVE genomics - Abstract
Salmonella enterica non-typhoidal is a major contributor to diarrheal diseases, with over 2600 serovars identified across diverse environments. In Mexico, serovars Newport and Anatum have shown a marked increase, especially in foodborne disease, posing a public health problem. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 2021 to 2023 using active epidemiological surveillance to assess contamination in ground beef and pork at butcher shops nationwide. It involved isolation, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance, comparative genomics, spatial distribution, antimicrobial-resistance genes, and pangenome analysis. A total of 402 non-typhoidal S. enterica strains were isolated, including 59 Newport and 50 Anatum. After curating for redundancy, 45 Newport and 32 Anatum strains remained. We found that 75% of Newport strains exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), compared to 25% of Anatum strains. Salmonella Newport also showed a broader distribution and stronger antibiotic-resistance capacity, particularly due to genes such as mphA and ramA. Our pangenome analysis showed a predominance of cell maintenance and survival-process genes in the accessory genome of both serotypes. Considering unique genes, Salmonella Anatum and Newport showed a notorious abundance of genes with functions related to replication, recombination, and repair. The substantial rise of Anatum and Newport strains in meat samples for human consumption presents an epidemiological alert, highlighting the critical need for stringent surveillance programs to mitigate human and ecosystem health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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11. Culture-Based Standard Methods for the Isolation of Campylobacter spp. in Food and Water.
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Neyaz, Leena A., Arafa, Sara H., Alsulami, Fatimah S., Ashi, Hayat, Elbanna, Khaled, and Abulreesh, Hussein H.
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INTESTINAL infections ,POULTRY products ,FOOD poisoning ,ANIMAL handling ,FOOD chemistry - Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is a major source of global gastrointestinal infections. Their enteric infections are linked to the consumption of undercooked poultry products, contaminated milk and water, and the handling of wild animals and birds. The detection of Campylobacter spp. in water and food samples mainly depends on culture-based techniques. Public Health England (PHE), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the International Standard Organization (ISO) have standardized Campylobacter spp. isolation and enumeration procedures for food and water samples, which involve the usage of selective agar media and enrichment broth. Different types of selective plating and enrichment media have been prepared for Campylobacter spp. detection and assessment during regular food surveillance and food poisoning. To date, culture media remains the standard option for microbiological food analysis and has been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and World Health Organization (WHO). This review discusses the standard microbiological protocols for Campylobacter spp. isolation and enumeration in food and water and evaluates detection media (pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, and selective plating) for their rational applications. Moreover, it also elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of recent chromogenic culture media in Campylobacter spp.-oriented food surveillance. This review also highlights the challenges of culture-based techniques, future developments, and alternative methods for Campylobacter spp. detection in food and water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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12. Coinfection and nonrandom recombination drive the evolution of swine enteric coronaviruses.
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Jiahui Guo, Yinan Lai, Zhixiang Yang, Wenbo Song, Junwei Zhou, Zhuang Li, Wen Su, Shaobo Xiao, and Liurong Fang
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- 2024
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13. Effect of Mussel Meal Feed Supplement on Growth, Health Status, Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata).
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Privileggio, Luca, Grozić, Kristina, Maurić Maljković, Maja, Pavičić-Hamer, Dijana, Janči, Tibor, Relić, Marko, Barić, Renata, and Hamer, Bojan
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SPARUS aurata ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,SUNFLOWER seed oil ,BINDING agents - Abstract
To evaluate the effects of mussel meal, as a sustainable ingredient for fish feed, on the growth, health status, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile of gilthead seabream, mussel meal was included in commercial feed formulations. Sunflower oil (2%) was used as a binding agent. Four groups of gilthead seabream were fed either with control feed (commercial feed, commercial feed and sunflower oil) or mussel-meal-supplemented formulations (commercial feed, sunflower oil, and 2.5 or 5% mussel meal) for six weeks. In this experiment, a total of 180 specimens of gilthead seabream juveniles were included. The initial weight and length of the gilthead seabream specimens were, on average, 13.04 g and 9.57 cm, respectively. The average temperature of the seawater ranged between 25 and 26 °C during the experiment. The results of this study indicated a higher relative weight gain and a slightly lower feed conversion ratio in the control group fed with commercial feed, probably because of macronutrient imbalances introduced by the addition of mussel meal and sunflower oil. The groups fed with mussel-supplemented diets had a slightly lower crude protein content compared to the group fed with a commercial diet. The addition of sunflower oil and mussel meal decreased the saturated fatty acid content while increasing the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid content compared to the control group. However, the high content of DHA and EPA in the mussel meal resulted in a proportional increase of these fatty acids in the muscle tissue of gilthead seabream, although the overall effect was not statistically significant. The findings of this study suggest that mussel meal is a promising source of protein and lipids for sustainable fish feed production, but under the experimental setup, mussel meal did not act as an attractant for increasing fish feed intake during the summer conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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14. Can Sustainable Food from Edible Insects Become the Food of the Future? Exploring Poland's Generation Z.
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Mikulec, Anna, Platta, Anna, Radzymińska, Monika, Garbowska, Bożena, Suwała, Grzegorz, Ruszkowska, Millena, Kowalczewski, Przemysław Łukasz, and Kowalski, Stanisław
- Abstract
This study addresses a research gap by examining the attitudes and interest of young Polish consumers in new foods containing insects. The results of the survey, which are presented in this article, were obtained as part of an inter-university project conducted at five Polish higher education institutions (N = 1063). The survey was conducted using the indirect interview method via an online platform (CAWI). This study aimed to assess attitudes, behaviours and intentions to purchasing insect foods, as well as factors influencing the selection of new foods containing insects and product preferences for such foods. The analysis revealed no statistically significant differentiation in consumer behaviour and declared intentions towards insect foods based on gender or place of residence (p > 0.001). Our results revealed correlations between the level of neophobia and negative attitudes among young consumers towards insect products, albeit weak in nature. The exploratory factor analysis suggested that the assessment of factors influencing the purchase of insect products may be based on a small number of dimensions, which were not found to be correlated, as follows: "Health and Environmental Concern", "Organoleptic Attributes" and "Circumstantial Influences". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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15. Revolutionizing Epithelial Differentiability Analysis in Small Airway-on-a-Chip Models Using Label-Free Imaging and Computational Techniques.
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Chen, Shiue-Luen, Xie, Ren-Hao, Chen, Chong-You, Yang, Jia-Wei, Hsieh, Kuan-Yu, Liu, Xin-Yi, Xin, Jia-Yi, Kung, Ching-Kai, Chung, Johnson H. Y., and Chen, Guan-Yu
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ORGANS (Anatomy) ,MUCOCILIARY system ,IMAGE recognition (Computer vision) ,CELL imaging ,IMAGE analysis ,DEEP learning - Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices mimic human organs, which can be used for many different applications, including drug development, environmental toxicology, disease models, and physiological assessment. Image data acquisition and analysis from these chips are crucial for advancing research in the field. In this study, we propose a label-free morphology imaging platform compatible with the small airway-on-a-chip system. By integrating deep learning and image recognition techniques, we aim to analyze the differentiability of human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs). Utilizing cell imaging on day 3 of culture, our approach accurately predicts the differentiability of HSAECs after 4 weeks of incubation. This breakthrough significantly enhances the efficiency and stability of establishing small airway-on-a-chip models. To further enhance our analysis capabilities, we have developed a customized MATLAB program capable of automatically processing ciliated cell beating images and calculating the beating frequency. This program enables continuous monitoring of ciliary beating activity. Additionally, we have introduced an automated fluorescent particle tracking system to evaluate the integrity of mucociliary clearance and validate the accuracy of our deep learning predictions. The integration of deep learning, label-free imaging, and advanced image analysis techniques represents a significant advancement in the fields of drug testing and physiological assessment. This innovative approach offers unprecedented insights into the functioning of the small airway epithelium, empowering researchers with a powerful tool to study respiratory physiology and develop targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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16. Functional variability of Nef in antagonizing SERINC5 during acute to chronic HIV-1 infection.
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Li, Weiting, Li, Guoqing, Liu, Yuyang, Meng, Lina, Zhang, Tianxin, Wang, Libian, Li, Haochen, Yu, Bin, Wu, Jiaxin, Wang, Chu, and Yu, Xianghui
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- 2025
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17. Ultrasonic-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprint Lithography: Forcing Mass Transfer to Enhance the Localized Etching Rate of GaAs.
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Liu B, Han L, Xu H, Su JJ, and Zhan D
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Electrochemical nanoimprint lithography (ECNL) has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating three-dimensional micro/nano-structures (3D-MNSs) directly on semiconductor wafers. This technique is based on a localized corrosion reaction induced by the contact potential across the metal/semiconductor boundaries. The anodic etching of semiconductor and the cathodic reduction of electron acceptors occur at the metal/semiconductor/electrolyte interface and the Pt mold surface, respectively. However, the etching rate is limited by the mass transfer of species in the ultrathin electrolyte layer between the mold and the workpiece. To overcome this challenge, we introduce the ultrasonics effect into the ECNL process to facilitate the mass exchange between the ultrathin electrolyte layer and the bulk solution, thereby improving the imprinting efficiency. Experimental investigations demonstrate a positive linear relationship between the reciprocal of the area duty ratio of the mold and the imprinting efficiency. Furthermore, the introduction of ultrasonics improves the imprinting efficiency by approximately 80 %, irrespective of the area duty ratio. The enhanced imprinting efficiency enables the fabrication of 3D-MNSs with higher aspect ratios, resulting in a stronger light trapping effect. These results indicate the prospective applications of ECNL in semiconductor functional devices, such as photoelectric detection and photovoltaics., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.) more...
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- 2023
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18. Early-life antibiotic exposure aggravate the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Tian, Panpan, Tian, Xinyu, Gao, Lifen, Ma, Chunhong, and Liang, Xiaohong
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LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry ,KILLER cells ,GUT microbiome ,ALANINE aminotransferase ,LIVER cells - Abstract
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) asscociated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming a growing concern in global healthcare. The early-life gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy. However, the impact of early-life gut microbiota dysbiosis on the advancement of MASLD-HCC remains inadequately understood. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the role of early-life gut microbiota in the development of MASLD-HCC in streptozotocin and high-fat diet (STZ-HFD) induced mouse model. We recorded the body weight and lifespan, and dynamically monitored the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO) and blood glucose in the serum monthly. In addition, we examined various immune cells present in the liver, such as T cells, B cells, NK cells, NKT cells, αβT cells, γδT cells, macrophage and MDSC cells by flow cytometry and conducted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) based analysis on liver tissue from control and early-life antibiotic exposure mice (early-Abx) MASLD-HCC mice. Results: We found that early-Abx mice suffered from more severe tumor burden and further confirmed that hepatocytes and immune cells were all disturbed. Importantly, early-life antibiotic exposure alters the liver metabolic profiling especially glycerophospholipids and lipid accumulation. Furthermore, mice exposed to antibiotics in early-life showed disturbances in glucose metabolism and developed insulin resistance. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings revealed that early-life antibiotic exposure accelerated the progression of MASLD-HCC by impairing the hepatocytes, immune homeostasis and metabolites persistently, highlighting the importance of the early-life microbiota in the development of MASLD-HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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19. Experimental models of antibiotic exposure and atopic disease.
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Donald, Katherine and Finlay, B. Brett
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- 2024
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20. Seaweed Nutritional Value and Bioactive Properties: Insights from Ascophyllum nodosum , Palmaria palmata , and Chondrus crispus.
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Čmiková, Natália, Kowalczewski, Przemysław Łukasz, Kmiecik, Dominik, Tomczak, Aneta, Drożdżyńska, Agnieszka, Ślachciński, Mariusz, Szala, Łukasz, Matić, Sanja, Marković, Tijana, Popović, Suzana, Baskic, Dejan, and Kačániová, Miroslava more...
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AMINO acid analysis ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,ASCOPHYLLUM nodosum ,ESSENTIAL amino acids ,GLUTAMIC acid - Abstract
This study investigates the nutritional composition and bioactive properties of Palmaria palmata (dulse), Ascophyllum nodosum (knotted wrack), and Chondrus crispus (Irish moss). Understanding the nutritional values of these seaweeds is very important due to their potential health benefits, especially their antioxidant properties and cytotoxic activities, which point to their ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess protein content, amino acid composition, mineral profile, fatty acids, polyphenols, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity against cervical (HeLa), and colon (HCT-116) cell lines. P. palmata exhibited the highest protein content, while C. crispus was richest in calcium, iron, manganese, and zinc. Amino acid analysis revealed C. crispus as being particularly high in essential and non-essential amino acids, including alanine, glutamic acid, and glycine. A. nodosum and C. crispus were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). A. nodosum showed the highest total carotenoid content. Polyphenol analysis highlighted the presence of compounds such as p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid across the species. Both the ethanolic and hexane A. nodosum extracts demonstrated the strongest antioxidant potential in DPPH
• and ABTS+ assays. The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed high anticancer activity of A. nodosum and C. crispus hexane extract against HeLa and HCT-116, though it employed cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A. nodosum hexane extract exhibited moderate selective anticancer activity against HCT-116. These findings underscore the nutritional diversity and potential health benefits of these macroalgae (seaweed) species, suggesting their suitability as functional foods or supplements, offering diverse nutritional and therapeutic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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21. Integrating Molecular Perspectives: Strategies for Comprehensive Multi-Omics Integrative Data Analysis and Machine Learning Applications in Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics.
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Sanches, Pedro H. Godoy, de Melo, Nicolly Clemente, Porcari, Andreia M., and de Carvalho, Lucas Miguel
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BIOLOGICAL systems ,MULTIOMICS ,TRANSCRIPTOMES ,RESEARCH personnel ,PROTEOMICS ,METABOLOMICS ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Simple Summary: Recent high-throughput technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have allowed progress in understanding biological systems at different levels of detail. Even so, it is necessary to integrate multiple omics data sets to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the subject under study. In this article, we review the methods used for integrating transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data and summarize them in three approaches: combined omics integration, correlation-based integration strategies, and machine learning integrative approaches. Our goal is to showcase the uses and limitations of each approach, allowing researchers to choose the more appropriate tool for each scenario to extract a comprehensive view of a biological system. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, the field of omics has made significant strides in characterizing biological systems at various levels of complexity. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are the three most widely used omics technologies, each providing unique insights into different layers of a biological system. However, analyzing each omics data set separately may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject under study. Therefore, integrating multi-omics data has become increasingly important in bioinformatics research. In this article, we review strategies for integrating transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data, including co-expression analysis, metabolite–gene networks, constraint-based models, pathway enrichment analysis, and interactome analysis. We discuss combined omics integration approaches, correlation-based strategies, and machine learning techniques that utilize one or more types of omics data. By presenting these methods, we aim to provide researchers with a better understanding of how to integrate omics data to gain a more comprehensive view of a biological system, facilitating the identification of complex patterns and interactions that might be missed by single-omics analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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22. Edible Insects: Consumption, Perceptions, Culture and Tradition Among Adult Citizens from 14 Countries.
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Guiné, Raquel P. F., Florença, Sofia G., Costa, Cristina A., Correia, Paula M. R., Cruz-Lopes, Luísa, Esteves, Bruno, Ferreira, Manuela, Fragata, Anabela, Cardoso, Ana P., Campos, Sofia, Anjos, Ofélia, Boustani, Nada M., Bartkiene, Elena, Chuck-Hernández, Cristina, Djekic, Ilija, Tarcea, Monica, Sarić, Marijana Matek, Kruma, Zanda, Korzeniowska, Malgorzata, and Papageorgiou, Maria more...
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EDIBLE insects ,FOOD shortages ,INSECT food ,FACTOR analysis ,CHI-squared test - Abstract
Although edible insects (EIs) are encouraged as a sustainable source of protein, their consumption is not as generalised as other types of food that are internationally accepted. While in some regions of the world, EIs are part of the gastronomic and cultural traditions, in other regions, people are not so receptive to this type of food, and some people even express some disgust towards it. Hence, this research focused on the habits of the participants regarding the consumption of insects as well as their perceptions about EIs being or not a part of the local culture or gastronomic patrimony. A questionnaire survey was implemented in fourteen countries (Brazil, Croatia, Greece, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey), and globally, 7222 adult participants responded to the questionnaire. SPSS software (version 28) was used to process the data and carry out chi-square tests and Factor Analyses (FA). The obtained results showed significant differences between countries for all the questions included in the survey, either those regarding the habits of the participants or their opinions about the facts linked with EI tradition or cultural aspects. It was found that participants from Mexico consume EIs more than in all other countries and that strong motivations that would lead to consumption among those who do not consume include curiosity and food shortage. The solution obtained with FA considering the ten statements of the scale consisted of two factors: F1—Culture and Tradition of EIs (α = 0.675) and F2—Acceptance of EIs (α = 0.614). In conclusion, the consumption of EIs and the perceptions of people are highly variable according to geographic location and cultural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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23. Comparative Analysis of Quantitative Methods for Campylobacter spp. Quantification: ISO 10272-2:2017, Tempo ® and Real-Time PCR in Refrigerated and Frozen Turkey Cuts.
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Führ, Carlos Alberto, Giombelli, Audecir, Cerutti, Marisete Fochesatto, Bergmann, Guiomar Pedro, and Kindlein, Liris
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MICROBIOLOGICAL assay ,CAMPYLOBACTER ,QUANTITATIVE research ,FOOD industry ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
New technologies for more effective microbiological assays are being adopted by the food industry to intervene more rapidly in its production chain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alternative methods of TEMPO
® CAM and real-time PCR (rtPCR) Biotecon® in comparison with the ISO 10272-2:2017 reference method for Campylobacter spp. quantification in turkey meat, aiming to validate a quick and easily replicable method in these meat matrices. A total of 416 samples were analyzed over a one-year period. The TEMPO® methodology showed inadequate performance with a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the reference methodology; therefore, its use was not recommended for turkey meat matrices. However, the performance of the rtPCR Biotecon® methodology showed adequate performance with no significant difference (p > 0.05), and its use was recommended in turkey meat matrices. The study was limited to exclusive research in turkey meat matrices, and expansion of the research into other matrices is recommended to verify whether the behavior of alternative methodologies is similar. The findings of this study illustrate the necessity for a thorough and comprehensive evaluation during the implementation of alternative methodologies that may potentially supplant conventional approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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24. Active Full‐Color Generation Based on a Liquid Crystal‐Integrated Plasmonic Metasurface.
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Huo, Dewang and Li, Guoqiang
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STRUCTURAL colors ,BREWSTER'S angle ,LIQUID crystals ,REFRACTIVE index ,OPTICS - Abstract
Structural colors based on metasurfaces outperform traditional pigments and dyes in terms of nonfading, high spatial resolution, and high stability, usually incorporating active materials for tunability. Liquid crystals (LCs) are suitable for tunable structural color design due to their large birefringence and fast modulation by external stimuli. However, most LC‐integrated structural colors focus on tailoring the polarization angle of incident light to generate two colors and their mixing. Herein, a scheme of full‐color generation based on a plasmonic metasurface integrated with LCs utilizing the combination of the polarization angle rotation effect of the twisted‐nematic LCs and the refractive index modulation through the realignment of the LCs near the metasurface is demonstrated. Based on the proposed structural color method, full‐color generation of a record color gamut of 60.7% standard Red Green Blue region, equivalent to 43% National Television Standards Committee area, in the LC‐integrated metasurface, has been numerically realized by tuning the bias voltage of the LCs in reflection. The achieved color gamut is nearly 4 times wider than the previously reported result. The proposed active full‐color generation metasurface shows great potential in applications for low‐power reflective color display, anticounterfeiting, and optical encoding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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25. Mechanisms of microbe-mediated immune development in the context of antibiotics and asthma.
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Donald, Katherine and Finlay, B. Brett
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- 2024
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26. HIV-related perceived stigma and internalized stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Tadesse, Gebresilassie, Rtbey, Gidey, Andualem, Fantahun, Takelle, Girmaw Medfu, Melkam, Mamaru, Tadesse Abate, Asnake, Wassie, Yilkal Abebaw, Tekleslassie Alemayehu, Tekletsadik, Geremew, Gebremariam Wulie, Dires, Eshetie Andargie, Tinsae, Techilo, Fentahun, Setegn, and Nakie, Girum more...
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HIV-positive persons ,RURAL women ,QUALITY of life ,CINAHL database ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,ELECTRONIC spreadsheets - Abstract
Background: HIV-related stigma has significant adverse impacts on people living with HIV/AIDS, such as psychological distress, decreased quality of life, a reluctance to get screened and treated, and a reluctance to disclose their status due to fear of stereotypes or rejection. Objectives: To determine the pooled prevalence and factors associated with HIV-related perceived stigma and internalized stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa. Methods: Articles that assessed the prevalence and associated factors of HIV-related perceived stigma and internalized stigma were reviewed. PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, CINAHL, and Science Direct were the databases used to search the primary studies. The data was extracted through a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to STATA version 14 for further analysis. The I
2 test was applied to test heterogeneity, whereas Egger's test and funnel plot were used to check publication bias. Results: In this study, the total sample size was 28,355 (for perceived stigma) and 22,732 (for internalized stigma). The overall pooled prevalence of HIV-related perceived stigma and internalized stigma was determined to be 41.23% and 35.68%, respectively. Based on the subgroup analysis results, the highest pooled prevalence of perceived stigma was observed in Nigeria (50.04%), followed by Ethiopia (41.72%), while the highest prevalence of internalized stigma was observed in Ethiopia (56.13%), followed by Cameroon (44.66%). Females (OR = 1.63: 1.31, 2.02) and rural dwellers (OR = 1.93: 1.36, 2.74) had more odds of experiencing HIV-related perceived stigma. Conclusion and recommendation: This study concluded that four in ten and more than one-third of people living with HIV/AIDS suffered from perceived and internalized stigma. Thus, special considerations must be given to women and rural dwellers. It is recommended to implement multi-level interventions and foster empowerment and support for individuals living with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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27. Alternatives for the extraction of bioactives and biopolymers from Evernia prunastri for the formulation of antimicrobial bio-based films.
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Queffelec, Julie, Beraud, William, Ferron, Solenn, Boustie, Joël, Rodríguez-González, Ismael, Díaz-Reinoso, Beatriz, Torres, Mª Dolores, and Domínguez, Herminia
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EUTECTICS ,SUSTAINABLE development ,ACTION & adventure films ,ENERGY consumption ,METABOLITES - Abstract
The recent growing interest in the biological properties of lichen metabolites has evidenced different needs and challenges for further exploration, including the development of green processing with safer solvents and more efficient use of energy. Microwave assisted hydrothermal processing, applied after supercritical CO
2 extraction, was proposed for the sequential extraction of bioactives and biopolymer fractions. Alternatively, it was combined with natural deep eutectics (NaDES) as cosolvents. Lichenic acids, antioxidants and oligosaccharides were simultaneously extracted using NaDES, and the recovered polysaccharides showed adequate mechanical properties for the formulation of films with antimicrobial action against Gram positive bacteria. An environmental assessment of the three different processes using the Eco-Scale suggested that the NaDES microwave extraction was, due to its low toxicity and good extraction yield of polysaccharides, the most sustainable of the three processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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28. Barriers and facilitators influencing referral and access to palliative care for children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions: a scoping review of the evidence.
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Holder, Pru, Coombes, Lucy, Chudleigh, Jane, Harding, Richard, and Fraser, Lorna K
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HEALTH services accessibility ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,CRITICALLY ill ,PATIENTS ,RESEARCH funding ,CINAHL database ,CATASTROPHIC illness ,MEDLINE ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDICAL databases ,MEDICAL referrals ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Palliative care is an essential component of children's health services but is accessed by fewer children than could potentially benefit. Aim: Appraise the evidence to identify factors influencing referral and access to children's palliative care, and interventions to reduce barriers and improve referrals. Design: Scoping review following the six stages of the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Data were charted using an adapted version of the socioecological framework. Data sources: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library were searched for primary studies of any design and literature/systematic reviews. Studies reporting barriers/facilitators and interventions in relation to referral of children with a life-limiting condition to palliative care, in any setting, were included. Results: One hundred ninety five articles (primary qualitative and quantitative studies, reviews) were retained (153 reporting barriers/facilitators; 40 interventions; 2 both). Multiple factors were identified as barriers/facilitators: Individual level: underlying diagnosis, prognostic uncertainty, parental attitudes, staff understanding/beliefs; Interpersonal level: family support, patient-provider relationships, interdisciplinary communication; Organisational level: referral protocols, workforce, leadership; Community level: cultural norms, community resources, geography; Society level: policies and legislation, national education, economic environment, medication availability. Most of these factors were bi-directional in terms of influence. Interventions (n = 42) were mainly at the organisational level for example, educational programmes, screening tools/guidelines, workplace champions and new/enhanced services; one-third of these were evaluated. Conclusion: Barriers/facilitators to paediatric palliative care referral are well described. Interventions are less well described and often unevaluated. Multi-modal approaches incorporating stakeholders from all levels of the socioecological framework are required to improve paediatric palliative care referral and access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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29. Differential Selection for Survival and for Growth in Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Experiments With Benzalkonium Chloride.
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Schmidt, Selina B. I., Täschner, Tom, Nordholt, Niclas, and Schreiber, Frank
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BIOLOGICAL evolution ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,WHOLE genome sequencing ,BENZALKONIUM chloride ,POLLUTION - Abstract
Biocides are used to control microorganisms across different applications, but emerging resistance may pose risks for those applications. Resistance to biocides has commonly been studied using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments with growth at subinhibitory concentrations linked to serial subculturing. It has been shown recently that Escherichia coli adapts to repeated lethal stress imposed by the biocide benzalkonium chloride (BAC) by increased survival (i.e., tolerance) and not by evolving the ability to grow at increased concentrations (i.e., resistance). Here, we investigate the contributions of evolution for tolerance as opposed to resistance for the outcome of ALE experiments with E. coli exposed to BAC. We find that BAC concentrations close to the half maximal effective concentration (EC50, 4.36 μg mL−1) show initial killing (~40%) before the population resumes growth. This indicates that cells face a two‐fold selection pressure: for increased survival and for increased growth. To disentangle the effects of both selection pressures, we conducted two ALE experiments: (i) one with initial killing and continued stress close to the EC50 during growth and (ii) another with initial killing and no stress during growth. Phenotypic characterization of adapted populations showed that growth at higher BAC concentrations was only selected for when BAC was present during growth. Whole genome sequencing revealed distinct differences in mutated genes across treatments. Treatments selecting for survival‐only led to mutations in genes for metabolic regulation (cyaA) and cellular structure (flagella fliJ), while treatments selecting for growth and survival led to mutations in genes related to stress response (hslO and tufA). Our results demonstrate that serial subculture ALE experiments with an antimicrobial at subinhibitory concentrations can select for increased growth and survival. This finding has implications for the design of ALE experiments to assess resistance risks of antimicrobials in different scenarios such as disinfection, preservation, and environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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30. Detecting stochasticity in population time series using a non‐parametric test of intrinsic predictability.
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Şen, Bilgecan, Che‐Castaldo, Christian, Lynch, Heather J., Ventura, Francesco, LaRue, Michelle A., and Jenouvrier, Stéphanie
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WHITE noise theory ,TIME series analysis ,ENTROPY (Information theory) ,TIME complexity ,PREDICTION theory - Abstract
Many ecological systems dominated by stochastic dynamics can produce complex time series that inherently limit forecast accuracy. The 'intrinsic predictability' of these systems can be approximated by a time series complexity metric called weighted permutation entropy (WPE). While WPE is a useful metric to gauge forecast performance prior to model building, it is sensitive to noise and may be biased depending on the length of the time series. Here, we introduce a simple randomized permutation test (rWPE) to assess whether a time series is intrinsically more predictable than white noise.We apply rWPE to both simulated and empirical data to assess its performance and usefulness. To do this, we simulate population dynamics under various scenarios, including a linear trend, chaotic, periodic and equilibrium dynamics. We further test this approach with observed abundance time series for 932 species across four orders of animals from the Global Population Dynamics Database. Finally, using Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) time series as case studies, we demonstrate the application of rWPE to multiple populations for a single species.We show that rWPE can determine whether a system is significantly more predictable than white noise, even with time series as short as 10 years that show an apparent trend under biologically realistic stochasticity levels. Additionally, rWPE has statistical power close to 100% when time series are at least 30 time steps long and show chaotic or periodic dynamics. Power decreases to ~10% under equilibrium dynamics, irrespective of time series length. Among four classes of animal taxa, mammals have the highest relative frequency (28%) of time series that are both longer than 30 time steps and indistinguishable from white noise in terms of complexity, followed by insects (16%), birds (16%) and bony fishes (11%).rWPE is a straightforward and useful method widely applicable to any time series, including short ones. By informing forecasters of the inherent limitations to a system's predictability, it can guide a modeller's expectations for forecast performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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31. Managing a Salmonella Bredeney Outbreak on an Italian Dairy Farm.
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Torreggiani, Camilla, Paladini, Cosimo, Cannistrà, Marcello, Botti, Benedetta, Prosperi, Alice, Chiapponi, Chiara, Soliani, Laura, Mescoli, Ada, and Luppi, Andrea
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HEALTH of cattle ,ANIMAL herds ,SALMONELLA enterica ,DAIRY cattle ,DAIRY farms ,DAIRY farm management - Abstract
Simple Summary: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infections critically affect cattle health, producing high rates of morbidity and mortality in calves and reducing the performance of adult cows. Some European countries implemented surveillance and control programs decades ago, but in Italy, there is no national control program for dairy cows. This study describes an outbreak of Salmonella Bredeney in a dairy herd and the consequent control strategies applied. Control strategies included sample collection visits to the farm in order to identify the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and assess biosecurity levels. In this outbreak, there was a higher prevalence in calves and this condition was associated with poor biosecurity practices. Subsequently, the practitioner and farmer were provided with a health management plan to reduce the prevalence and control the outbreak. During the follow-up period, monitoring and testing revealed repeated negative results, indicating adequate control over the outbreak. The procedures undertaken in this project made it possible to collect useful data for the definition of measures for the management of outbreaks of salmonellosis in dairy cows. Salmonellosis in dairy cattle represents an increasing problem for both animal and public health. Nevertheless, in Italy, there is no control plan in place on dairy farms. The aim of this study was to describe a Salmonella Bredeney outbreak that occurred on a dairy farm and the measures that were adopted to control the outbreak. Management consisted in identifying the spread of infection and assessing the environmental contamination of Salmonella spp. and the associated risk factors. After the farm visit, laboratory investigations showed that 48% of rectal swabs collected from calves and 33% of environmental samples were positive for S. Bredeney, and a poor biosecurity level was detected. The farmer and practitioner were provided with a health management plan to control the spread of Salmonella spp., followed by a monitoring period and a follow-up visit in which all samples resulted negative. The results demonstrated the efficacy of indirect prophylaxis measures in reducing the circulation of Salmonella spp., leading to the extinction of the outbreak. Collaboration with farmers, practitioners, and public health veterinarians and the introduction of measures reported in the health management plan constitute a possible model for the management of Salmonella spp. outbreaks in dairy herds, even in complex farm situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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32. Advances in photochemical/electrochemical synthesis of heterocyclic compounds from carbon dioxide.
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Yu-Yang Xie and Ying-Ming Pan
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HETEROCYCLIC compounds synthesis ,CARBON compounds ,ORGANIC chemistry ,HETEROCYCLIC compounds ,CARBON dioxide - Abstract
The primary greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO
2 ), which also serves as an excellent C1 building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. The preparation and transformation of these structures have long been a focus in organic chemistry, making the utilization of CO2 highly advantageous. This paper reviews progress in the photochemical/electrochemical construction of heterocyclic compounds using CO2 , differentiating between various reaction types and elucidating their underlying mechanisms as well as potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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33. Enzymatic approaches for diversifying bioproducts from cellulosic biomass.
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Arantes, Valdeir, Las-Casas, Bruno, Dias, Isabella K. R., Yupanqui-Mendoza, Sergio Luis, Nogueira, Carlaile F. O., and Marcondes, Wilian F.
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SUSTAINABILITY ,BIOLOGICAL products ,BIODIVERSITY ,SUSTAINABLE development ,BIOMASS - Abstract
Cellulosic biomass is the most abundantly available natural carbon-based renewable resource on Earth. Its widespread availability, combined with rising awareness, evolving policies, and changing regulations supporting sustainable practices, has propelled its role as a crucial renewable feedstock to meet the escalating demand for eco-friendly and renewable materials, chemicals, and fuels. Initially, biorefinery models using cellulosic biomass had focused on single-product platform, primarily monomeric sugars for biofuel. However, since the launch of the first pioneering cellulosic plants in 2014, these models have undergone significant revisions to adapt their biomass upgrading strategy. These changes aim to diversify the bioproduct portfolio and improve the revenue streams of cellulosic biomass biorefineries. Within this area of research and development, enzyme-based technologies can play a significant role by contributing to eco-design in producing and creating innovative bioproducts. This Feature Article highlights our strategies and recent progress in utilizing the biological diversity and inherent selectivity of enzymes to develop and continuously optimize sustainable enzyme-based technologies with distinct application approaches. We have advanced technologies for standalone platforms, which produce various forms of cellulose nanomaterials engineered with customized and enhanced properties and high yields. Additionally, we have tailored technologies for integration within a biorefinery concept. This biorefinery approach prioritizes designing tailored processes to establish bionanomaterials, such as cellulose and lignin nanoparticles, and bioactive molecules as part of a new multi-bioproduct platform for cellulosic biomass biorefineries. These innovations expand the range of bioproducts that can be produced from cellulosic biomass, transcending the conventional focus on monomeric sugars for biofuel production to include biomaterials biorefinery. This shift thereby contributes to strengthening the Bioeconomy strategy and supporting the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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34. Succession of rumen microbiota and metabolites across different reproductive periods in different sheep breeds and their impact on the growth and development of offspring lambs.
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Sha, Yuzhu, Liu, Xiu, Li, Xiongxiong, Wang, Zhengwen, Shao, Pengyang, Jiao, Ting, He, Yanyu, and Zhao, Shengguo
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SHEEP breeds ,LAMBS ,SHEEP breeding ,AMINO acid metabolism ,LACTATION ,PREGNANCY in animals ,METABOLITES ,PROTEOLYSIS ,ENERGY metabolism - Abstract
Background: The microbiota and metabolites in the gastrointestinal tracts of female animals at different reproductive periods are very important to the growth, development, and health of themselves and their offspring. However, the changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolites throughout reproductive period of different sheep breeds and their effects on the growth and development of offspring lambs are still unclear. Hence, this study presents an assessment of the reproductive hormone levels, immune levels, rumen microbiota, and metabolites in Hu sheep and Suffolk ewes at different reproductive periods and their effects on the growth and development of offspring lambs. Results: Hu sheep and Suffolk during non-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation were used as the research objects to determine reproductive and immune indexes of ewes at different periods, analyze rumen microbiome and metabolome, and track the growth performance and development of offspring lambs. The results showed that the reproductive hormone and immune levels of Hu sheep and Suffolk underwent adaptive changes across different reproductive periods. Compared with non-pregnancy, the microbial energy metabolism and lipid metabolism function decreased during Hu sheep pregnancy, and energy metabolism function decreased during lactation. In Suffolk, energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, and metabolism function were enhanced during pregnancy, and the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins was enhanced during lactation. Prevotella increased in Suffolk during pregnancy and lactation (P < 0.05) and was positively correlated with the birth weight and body size of the lambs (P < 0.05). Moreover, the abundances of Butyrivibrio and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group during pregnancy were positively correlated with the intestinal immunity of the offspring lambs (P < 0.05), thereby regulating the intestinal immunity level of the lambs. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the protein digestion, absorption, and amino acid metabolism of Hu sheep were enhanced during pregnancy, which provided amino acids for the growth and development of pregnant ewes and fetuses and was significantly correlated with the birth weight, body size, and intestinal immunity of lambs (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, there was an increase in acetate and propionate during the pregnancy and lactation period of both Hu sheep and Suffolk, providing energy for ewes during reproductive period. Moreover, the microbiota during the lactation period was significantly correlated with the milk quality and lambs daily gain (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed the characteristic succession changes in the rumen microbiota and its metabolites at different reproductive periods in sheep breeds and their regulation of reproductive hormone and immune levels and identified their potential effects on the growth and development of offspring lambs. The findings provide valuable insights into the health and feeding management of different sheep breeds during the reproductive stage. Cnu7uEJBESQuA-vs1kGzfa Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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35. Enhancing Charge Transport in CuBi2O4 Films: The Role of a Protective TiO2 ALD Coating Probed by Impedance Spectroscopy.
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Caddeo, Francesco, Medicus, Sophie, Hedrich, Carina, Krüger, Marco, Harouna‐Mayer, Sani Y., Blick, Robert H., Zierold, Robert, and Koziej, Dorota
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ATOMIC layer deposition ,ELECTRODE performance ,CONDUCTION bands ,IMPEDANCE spectroscopy ,BISMUTH trioxide ,PHOTOCATHODES - Abstract
The common solution for protecting p‐type semiconductors against photocorrosion in a photo‐electrochemical (PEC) cell is by applying a TiO2 over‐layer via atomic layer deposition (ALD). However, for the case of CuBi2O4 (CBO), this approach leads to a significant decline in electrode performance, despite the small conduction band offset between CBO and TiO2. Here, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under light illumination is used to study how to enhance charge transport in CuBi2O4/TiO2 photocathodes. A 15 nm TiO2 overlayer enables a small charge transfer resistance to the electrolyte while preserving the performance and stability of the CBO film. When increasing the TiO2 thickness from 15 to 20 nm, the photogenerated currents decrease by 74%. The EIS data are fit with an equivalent circuit model that enabled to extract the charge transfer resistances, capacitances, and time constants that influence the PEC performance of the electrode as a function of the TiO2 layer thickness, together with the flat‐band potentials and doping densities of both the CBO and TiO2 layers under light illumination. The decline in performance is attributed to accumulation and recombination of photogenerated carriers at the CBO‐TiO2 interface, due to a band mismatch between the two semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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36. Bimodal alteration of cognitive accuracy for spintronic artificial neural networks.
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Kumar, Anuj, Das, Debasis, Lin, Dennis J. X., Huang, Lisen, Yap, Sherry L. K., Tan, Hang Khume, Lim, Royston J. J., Tan, Hui Ru, Toh, Yeow Teck, Lim, Sze Ter, Fong, Xuanyao, and Ho, Pin
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- 2024
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37. Study of domain wall dynamics in Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films.
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Sharma, Minaxi, Ojha, Brindaban, Mohanty, Shaktiranjan, Pütter, Sabine, and Bedanta, Subhankar
- Abstract
Study of the domain wall (DW) dynamics in ultrathin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) opens the way to envisage the low-power and high-performance memory and logic devices. Here, we have studied the magnetization reversal and DW dynamics of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films having PMA. The Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin trilayers have been fabricated using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at room temperature. The DW velocity measurements were performed by bubble domain expansion method with an additional homemade coil in order to apply out-of-plane (OOP) field in the polar magneto-optic Kerr effect (P-MOKE)-based microscope. The DW motion is limited only in creep regime, and the maximum observed DW velocity is 32 mm/s. Further, it has been shown that the DW velocity can be enhanced via increasing Co thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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38. One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Revision for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Long Versus Short Biliopancreatic Limb Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.
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Bhatia, Mohit, Thomas, Bindhiya, and El-Hasanii, Shamsi
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GASTRIC bypass ,GASTROESOPHAGEAL reflux ,SURGICAL anastomosis ,HIATAL hernia - Abstract
References 1 Tarhini A, Rives-Lange C, Jannot AS, Baratte C, Beaupel N, Guillet V, Krivan S, Le Gall M, Carette C, Czernichow S, Chevallier JM, Poghosyan T. One-anastomosis gastric bypass revision for gastroesophageal reflux disease: long versus short biliopancreatic limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. We read with great interest the article by Tarhini et al., and we congratulate them for the large series of one anastomosis gastric bypass they have and for keeping the revision rate for post-operative gastroesophageal reflux as low as 3.1% [[1]]. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2022
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39. Knowledge and practices of youth awareness on death and dying in school settings: a systematic scoping review protocol.
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Allard, Emilie, Coupat, Clémence, Lessard, Sabrina, Therrien, Noémie, Godard-Sebillotte, Claire, Létourneau, Dimitri, Nguyen, Olivia, Côté, Andréanne, Fortin, Gabrielle, Daneault, Serge, Soulières, Maryse, Le Gall, Josiane, and Fortin, Sylvie more...
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YOUNG adults ,CONSCIOUSNESS raising ,THANATOLOGY ,GREY literature ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Background: Awareness-raising and education have been identified as strategies to counter the taboo surrounding death and dying. As the favoured venue for youth education, schools have an essential role to play in informing future decision-makers. However, school workers are not comfortable addressing the subjects of death and dying, which, unlike other social issues, have no guidelines to influence awareness of these subjects in youth. Objectives: To systematically explore the knowledge and practices on raising awareness about death and dying in schools, the viewpoints of the people involved (young people, school workers; parents), and the factors that either promote or hinder awareness practices. Method: The scoping review method of Levac and Colquhoun (Implement Sci 5(1):69, 2010) will be used. Using a combination of keywords and descriptors, a body of literature will be identified through 15 databases and through grey literature searches, manual searches, consultation of key collaborators, and the list of relevant literature. Publications since 2009 will be selected if they relate directly to awareness-raising about death and dying in schools. Writings will be selected and extracted by two independent people, and conflicts resolved by consensus. The extracted data will be synthesized using a thematic analysis method. Experts from a variety of disciplines (health sciences, humanities, social sciences, and education) will be consulted to enhance the interpretation of the preliminary results. Results will be presented in narrative form and will include tables and diagrams. Conclusion: The results of this scoping review will contribute to the development of educational practices adapted to young people and to the identification of future avenues of research on awareness of death and dying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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40. Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements.
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Waller, Megan E., Eichhorn, Caroline J., Gutierrez, Alyssa, Baatz, John E., Wagner, Carol L., Chetta, Katherine E., Engevik, Melinda A., and De Molon, Rafael Scaf
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NEONATAL intensive care units ,BREAST milk ,NEONATAL intensive care ,PREMATURE infants ,ENTEROBACTERIACEAE ,INFANT formulas ,IRON supplements - Abstract
In the neonatal intensive care unit, adequate nutrition requires various enteral products, including human milk and formula. Human milk is typically fortified to meet increased calorie goals, and infants commonly receive vitamin mixes, iron supplements, and less frequently, thickening agents. We examined the growth of 16 commensal microbes and 10 pathobionts found in the premature infant gut and found that formula, freshly pasteurized milk, and donated banked milk generally increased bacterial growth. Fortification of human milk significantly elevated the growth of all microbes. Supplementation with thickeners or NaCl in general did not stimulate additional growth. Vitamin mix promoted the growth of several commensals, while iron promoted growth of pathobionts. These data indicate that pathobionts in the preterm gut have significant growth advantage with preterm formula, fortified donor milk, and supplemented iron and suggest that the choice of milk and supplements may impact the infant gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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41. Life cycle inventory data for the Italian agri-food sector: background, sources and methodological aspects.
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Notarnicola, B., Tassielli, G., Renzulli, P. A., Di Capua, R., Saija, G., Salomone, R., Primerano, P., Petti, L., Raggi, A., Casolani, N., Strano, A., and Mistretta, M.
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PRODUCT life cycle assessment ,WHEAT ,FOOD industry ,ITALIAN wines ,CITRUS fruits ,OLIVE oil - Abstract
Purpose: For the development of any life cycle assessment study, the practitioner frequently integrates primary data collected on-field, with background data taken from various life cycle inventory databases which are part of most commercial LCA software packages. However, such data is often not generally applicable to all product systems since, especially concerning the agri-food sector, available datasets may not be fully representative of the site specificity of the food product under examination. In this context, the present work investigates the background, sources and methodological aspects that characterise the most known commercial databases containing agri-food data, with a focus on four agri-food supply chains (olive oil, wine, wheat products and citrus fruit), which represent an important asset for the Italian food sector. Methods: Specifically, the paper entails a review of currently available LCI databases and their datasets with a twofold scope: firstly, to understand how agri-food data is modelled in these databases for a coherent and consistent representation of regional scenarios and to verify whether they are also suitable for the Italian context and, secondly, to identify and analyse useful and relevant methodological approaches implemented in the existing LCI databases when regional data are modelled. Results: Based on the aforementioned review, it is possible to highlight some problems which may arise when developing an LCI pertaining to the four Italian agri-food supply chains, namely: 1. The need for specific inventory datasets to tackle the specificities of agri-food product systems. 2. The lack of datasets, within the existing DBs, related to the Italian context and to the abovementioned supply chains. In fact, at present, in the currently available LCI DBs, there are very few (or in some cases none) datasets related to Italian wine, olive oil, wheat-based products and citrus fruit. The few available datasets often contain some data related to the Italian context but also approximate data with that of product systems representing other countries. Furthermore, the present study allowed to identify and discuss the main aspects to be used as starting elements for modelling regional data to be included in a future Italian LCI database of the abovementioned four supply chains. Conclusions: The results of the present study represent a starting point for the collection of data and its organisation, in order to develop an Italian LCI agri-food database with datasets which are representative of the regional specificities of four agri-food supply chains which play an important role in the Italian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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42. Breast Milk Microbiota: A Systematic Review on the Influence of Maternal Characteristics on Human Milk Composition.
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Abrigo, Karen, Püschel, Cristian, Barrera, Cynthia, and Gotteland, Martin
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OBESITY complications ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,RESEARCH funding ,CULTURE ,FOLIC acid ,BREAST milk ,HUMAN microbiota ,PARENTING ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,NUTRITIONAL status ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,MOTHERHOOD ,FATTY acids ,DIET - Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify current evidence on the impact of maternal characteristics (nutritional status, diet, geographic location/cultural influences, and stress) on breast milk microbiota (BMM) composition and diversity. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching articles in five different databases. Quality and risk of bias were assessed for each article using RevMan software. Results: Fifteen articles were selected. Maternal obesity had only a transient effect on microbiota diversity. Dietary fatty acids and folates were the main dietary factors influencing BMM. Maternal geographic location strongly influences BMM composition and ultimately its diversity. Available data on maternal stress were insufficient to draw conclusions regarding the impact of this factor. Conclusions: Geographic location of the mother and dietary factors are the main determinants of BMM composition. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of BMM on infant health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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43. High rates of deferring antiretroviral treatment for patients with HIV and substance use disorders: Results from a national sample of HIV physicians in Ukraine.
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Ottesen, Taylor D., Wickersham, Jeffrey A., Lawrence, Juliana C., Antoniak, Sergii, Zezuilin, Oleksandr, Polonsky, Maxim, Antonyak, Svitlana, Rozanova, Julia, Dvoriak, Sergii, Pykalo, Iryna, Filippovych, Myroslava, and Altice, Fredrick L. more...
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ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,PHYSICIANS ,HIV ,HIV-positive persons - Abstract
Background: HIV incidence and mortality are increasing in Ukraine despite their reductions globally, in part due to suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in key populations of people with HIV (PWH) where the epidemic is concentrated. As physicians are gatekeepers to ART prescription, stigma and discrimination barriers are understudied as a key to meeting HIV treatment targets in key populations. Methods: A national sample (N = 204) of ART-prescribing physicians in Ukraine were surveyed between August and November 2019. Participants underwent a series of randomized, hypothetical HIV clinical scenarios and decided whether to initiate or defer (or withhold) ART. Scenarios varied based on 5 distinct CD4 counts (CD4: 17, 176, 305, 470, or 520 cells/mL) and 10 different PWH key populations. Z scores and McNemar's test for paired samples were used to assess differences between key populations and CD4 count. Feeling thermometers were used to assess stigma-related measures toward key populations among physicians. Results: Physicians were highly experienced (mean = 19 years) HIV treaters, female (80.4%), and trained in infectious diseases (76.5%). Patients who drink alcohol (range: 21.6%-23.5%) or use (PWUD range: 16.7%-20.1%) or inject (PWID range: 15.5%-20.1%) drugs were most likely to have ART deferred, even at AIDS-defining CD4 counts. PWID maintained on methadone, however, were significantly (p<0.001) less likely to have ART deferred compared with those who were not (range: 7.8%-12.7%) on methadone. Men who have sex with men (range: 5.4%-10.8%), transgender women (range: 4.9%-11.3%), sex workers (range: 3.9%-10.3%),and having an HIV-uninfected sex partner (range: 3.9%-9.3%) had the lowest likelihood of ART deferral. Increasing levels of stigma (i.e., feeling thermometers) towards a key population was correlated with ART deferral (i.e., discrimination). Conclusions: Despite international and Ukrainian guidelines recommending ART prescription for all PWH, irrespective of risk or CD4 count, ART deferral by experienced HIV experts remains high in certain key populations, especially in PWH and substance use disorders. Strategies that initiate ART immediately after diagnosis (i.e., rapid start antiretroviral therapy), independent of risk group, should be prioritized to truly mitigate the current epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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44. Analysis of Human Milk Microbiota in Northern Greece by Comparative 16S rRNA Sequencing vs. Local Dairy Animals.
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Tsifintaris, Margaritis, Sitmalidis, Michail, Tokamani, Maria, Anastasiadi, Christina, Georganta, Maria, Tsochantaridis, Ilias, Vlachakis, Dimitrios, Tsikouras, Panagiotis, Nikolettos, Nikolaos, Chrousos, George P., Sandaltzopoulos, Raphael, and Giannakakis, Antonis more...
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Milk is a biological fluid with a dynamic composition of micronutrients and bioactive molecules that serves as a vital nutrient source for infants. Milk composition is affected by multiple factors, including genetics, geographical location, environmental conditions, lactation phase, and maternal nutrition, and plays a key role in dictating its microbiome. This study addresses a less-explored aspect, comparing the microbial communities in human breast milk with those in mature milk from species that are used for milk consumption. Since mature animal milk is used as a supplement for both the infant (formula) and the child/adolescent, our main aim was to identify shared microbial communities in colostrum and mature human milk. Using 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing, we focused on characterizing the milk microbiota in the Northern Greek population by identifying shared microbial communities across samples and comparing the relative abundance of prevalent genera. We analyzed ten human milk samples (from five mothers), with five collected three days postpartum (colostrum) and five collected thirty to forty days postpartum (mature milk) from corresponding mothers. To perform an interspecies comparison of human milk microbiota, we analyzed five goat and five bovine milk samples from a local dairy industry, collected fifty to seventy days after birth. Alpha diversity analysis indicated moderate diversity and stability in bovine milk, high richness in goat milk, and constrained diversity in breast milk. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant distinctions among mammalian species, emphasizing both presence/absence and abundance-based clustering. Despite noticeable differences, shared microbial components underscore fundamental aspects across all mammalian species, highlighting the presence of a core microbiota predominantly comprising the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota phyla. At the genus level, Acinetobacter, Gemella, and Sphingobium exhibit significant higher abundance in human milk compared to bovine and goat milk, while Pseudomonas and Atopostipes are more prevalent in animal milk. Our comparative analysis revealed differences and commonalities in the microbial communities of various mammalian milks and unraveled the existence of a common fundamental milk core microbiome. We thus revealed both species-specific and conserved microbial communities in human, bovine, and goat milk. The existence of a common core microbiome with conserved differences between colostrum and mature human milk underscores fundamental similarities in the microbiota of milk across mammalian species, which could offer valuable implications for optimizing the nutritional quality and safety of dairy products as well as supplements for infant health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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45. Reactive oxygen species/glutathione dual sensitive nanoparticles with encapsulation of miR155 and curcumin for synergized cancer immunotherapy.
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Li, Kangkang, Wang, Juan, Xie, Yi, Lu, Ziyao, Sun, Wen, Wang, Kaixuan, Liang, Jinxin, and Chen, Xuehong
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REGULATORY T cells ,T cells ,T helper cells ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,MYELOID-derived suppressor cells ,TRIPLE-negative breast cancer ,ROOT-tubercles - Abstract
Considerable attention has been directed towards exploring the potential efficacy of miR-155 in the realm of cancer immunotherapy. Elevated levels of miR-155 in dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to enhance their maturation, migration, cytokine secretion, and their ability to promote T cell activation. In addition, overexpression of mir155 in M2 macrophages boost the polarization towards the M1 phenotype. Conversely, miR-155 has the propensity to induce the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells like regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor tissue. To account for this discrepancy, it is imperative to get help from a drug that could deal with immunosuppressive effect. Curcumin (CUR) exhibits the capacity to prompt Tregs converse into T helper 1 cells, fostering the polarization of M2 tumor-associated macrophage towards the M1 phenotype, and impeding the recruitment and aggregation of MDSCs within the tumor microenvironment. Nonetheless, CUR is known to exert an immunosuppressive impact on DCs by hindering the expression of maturation markers, cytokines, and chemokines, thereby prevent DCs response to immunostimulatory agents. Hence, a reactive oxygen species/glutathione dual responsive drug conveyance platform (CUR/miR155@DssD-Hb NPs) was devised to co-deliver CUR and miR155, with the aim of exploring their synergistic potential in bolstering a sustained and robust anti-tumor immune response. In vitro and in vivo results have suggested that CUR/miR155@DssD-Hb NPs can effectively inhibit the viability of 4T1 and B16F10 tumor cells, trigger the release of damage associated molecular patterns, stimulate DCs maturation, subsequent activation of CD8
+ T cells, diminish immunosuppressive cell populations (MDSCs, Tregs, M2 TAMs and exhausted T cells), promote the formation of long-term immunity and lessen the formation of metastatic nodules in the lungs. In summary, the co-delivery system integrating CUR and miR155 (CUR/miR155@DssD-Hb NPs) demonstrates promise as a promising strategy for the immunotherapy of melanoma and triple negative breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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46. Turnip mosaic virus pathogenesis and host resistance mechanisms in Brassica.
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Guanwei Wu, Xinxin Fang, Tianqi Yu, Jianping Chen, and Fei Yan
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TURNIP mosaic virus ,BRASSICACEAE ,BRASSICA ,VIRAL replication ,INFORMATION retrieval - Abstract
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is a devastating potyvirus pathogen that infects a wide variety of both cultivated and wild Brassicaceae plants. We urgently need more information and understanding of TuMV pathogenesis and the host responses involved in disease development in cruciferous crops. TuMV displays great versatility in viral pathogenesis, especially in its replication and intercellular movement. Moreover, in the coevolutionary arms races between TuMV and its hosts, the virus has evolved to co-opt host factors to facilitate its infection and counter host defense responses. This review mainly focuses on recent advances in understanding the viral factors that contribute to the TuMV infection cycle and the host resistance mechanism in Brassica. Finally, we propose some future research directions on TuMV pathogenesis and control strategies to design durable TuMV-resistant Brassica crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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47. Detections of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 (RHDV2) Following the 2020 Outbreak in Wild Lagomorphs across the Western United States.
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Ringenberg, Jourdan M., Weir, Kelsey, Linder, Timothy, and Lenoch, Julianna
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LAGOMORPHA ,ENDANGERED species ,VIRUS diseases ,NATIVE Americans ,HARES - Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is a highly infectious, often fatal viral disease that affects both domestic and wild lagomorph species. In the United States (U.S.), the virus first was detected in wild lagomorph populations in the southwest in March 2020 and has continued to be detected in native North American lagomorph species over several years. The susceptibility of host species and exact mechanisms of environmental transmission across the U.S. landscape remain poorly understood. Our study aims to increase the understanding of RHDV2 in wild lagomorph populations by providing a history of detection. We present and summarize results from all RHDV2-suspect wild lagomorph morbidity and mortality samples submitted for diagnostic testing in the U.S. from March 2020 to March 2024. Samples were submitted from 916 wild lagomorphs across eight native North American species in 14 western states, of which 313 (34.2%) tested positive by RHDV2 RT-qPCR. Detections of RHDV2 in pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) and riparian brush rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) suggest that the risk to threatened and endangered species warrants more attention. Continuing to investigate wild lagomorph morbidity and mortality events and tracking RHDV2 detections over time can help inform on disease epidemiology and wild lagomorph population trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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48. Understanding Galectin-3's Role in Diastolic Dysfunction: A Contemporary Perspective.
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Hao, Wen-Rui, Cheng, Chun-Han, Liu, Ju-Chi, Chen, Huan-Yuan, Chen, Jin-Jer, and Cheng, Tzu-Hurng
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INFLAMMATORY mediators ,HEART fibrosis ,GALECTINS ,CELL communication ,HEART failure - Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction, a prevalent condition characterized by impaired relaxation and filling of the left ventricle, significantly contributes to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, has garnered attention as a potential biomarker and mediator of fibrosis and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive review investigates the impact of galectin-3 on diastolic dysfunction. We explore its molecular mechanisms, including its involvement in cellular signaling pathways and interaction with components of the extracellular matrix. Evidence from both animal models and clinical studies elucidates galectin-3's role in cardiac remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis, shedding light on the underlying pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction. Additionally, we examine the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of galectin-3 in diastolic dysfunction, emphasizing its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. This review underscores the significance of comprehending galectin-3's role in diastolic dysfunction and its promise in enhancing diagnosis and treatment approaches for HFpEF patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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49. Global perspectives and transdisciplinary opportunities for locust and grasshopper pest management and research.
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Word Ries, Mira, Adriaansen, Chris, Aldobai, Shoki, Berry, Kevin, Bal, Amadou Bocar, Catenaccio, Maria Cecilia, Cigliano, Maria Marta, Cullen, Darron A., Deveson, Ted, Diongue, Aliou, Foquet, Bert, Hadrich, Joleen, Hunter, David, Johnson, Dan L., Pablo Karnatz, Juan, Lange, Carlos E., Lawton, Douglas, Lazar, Mohammed, Latchininsky, Alexandre V., and Lecoq, Michel more...
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MIGRATORY locust ,LOCUSTS ,GRASSHOPPERS ,PEST control ,BIOLOGICAL pest control agents - Abstract
Locusts and other migratory grasshoppers are transboundary pests. Monitoring and control, therefore, involve a complex system made up of social, ecological, and technological factors. Researchers and those involved in active management are calling for more integration between these siloed but often interrelated sectors. In this paper, we bring together 38 coauthors from six continents and 34 unique organizations, representing much of the social-ecological-technological system (SETS) related to grasshopper and locust management and research around the globe, to introduce current topics of interest and review recent advancements. Together, the paper explores the relationships, strengths, and weaknesses of the organizations responsible for the management of major locust-affected regions. The authors cover topics spanning humanities, social science, and the history of locust biological research and offer insights and approaches for the future of collaborative sustainable locust management. These perspectives will help support sustainable locust management, which still faces immense challenges such as fluctuations in funding, focus, isolated agendas, trust, communication, transparency, pesticide use, and environmental and human health standards. Arizona State University launched the Global Locust Initiative (GLI) in 2018 as a response to some of these challenges. The GLI welcomes individuals with interests in locusts and grasshoppers, transboundary pests, integrated pest management, landscape-level processes, food security, and/or cross-sectoral initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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50. Salmonella spp. in Domestic Ruminants, Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance Based on the One Health Approach—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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García-Díez, Juan, Moura, Dina, Grispoldi, Luca, Cenci-Goga, Beniamino, Saraiva, Sónia, Silva, Filipe, Saraiva, Cristina, and Ausina, Juan
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FOODBORNE diseases ,HEALTH of sheep ,VETERINARY medicine ,SALMONELLA diseases ,BEEF industry - Abstract
Simple Summary: Salmonella continues to pose a significant threat to public health, standing as the second leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the European Union. In instances of severe infection, the treatment of salmonellosis necessitates the use of antimicrobials, among other therapeutic interventions. The escalating resistance of Salmonella spp. to antibiotics in recent years, primarily attributed to inappropriate usage in livestock, has raised considerable concerns among health authorities. The findings indicate that the low prevalence of Salmonella spp. isolated from samples of cattle, sheep, and goats in slaughterhouses, coupled with their comparatively low-to-moderate resistance to key antibiotics used in the treatment of human salmonellosis, suggests that the consumption of beef, lamb, and goat meat does not pose a substantial threat to public health in relation to the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Salmonella spp. pose a global threat as a leading cause of foodborne illnesses, particularly prevalent in the European Union (EU), where it remains the second cause of foodborne outbreaks. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella spp. has become a critical concern, complicating treatment strategies and escalating the risk of severe infections. The study focuses on large and small ruminants, identifying a prevalence of Salmonella spp. in slaughterhouses and revealing varied AMR rates across antimicrobial families throughout a meta-analysis. Also, comparison with AMR in human medicine was carried out by a systematic review. The results of the present meta-analysis displayed a prevalence of Salmonella spp. in large and small ruminants at slaughterhouses of 8.01% (8.31%, cattle; 7.04%, goats; 6.12%, sheep). According to the AMR of Salmonella spp., 20, 14, and 13 out of 62 antimicrobials studied were classified as low (<5%), high (>5% but <10%), and very high (>10%), respectively. Salmonella spp. did not display AMR against aztreonam, mezlocillin, ertapenem, meropenem, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, tilmicosin, linezolid, fosfomycin, furazolidone, quinupristin, trimethoprim and spectinomycin. In contrast, a prevalence of 100% of AMR has been described against ofloxacin, lincomycin, and cloxacillin. In the context of the main antibiotics used in the treatment of human salmonellosis, azithromycin was shown to have the highest resistance among Salmonella spp. isolates from humans. Regarding cephalosporins, which are also used for the treatment of salmonellosis in humans, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. resistance to this class of antibiotics was similar in both human and animal samples. Concerning quinolones, despite a heightened resistance profile in Salmonella spp. isolates from ruminant samples, there appears to be no discernible compromise to the efficacy of salmonellosis treatment in humans since lower prevalences of AMR in Salmonella spp. isolated from human specimens were observed. Although the resistance of Salmonella spp. indicates some degree of concern, most antibiotics are not used in veterinary medicine. Thus, the contribution of cattle, sheep and goats to the rise of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. and its potential impact on public health appears to be relatively insignificant, due to their low prevalence in carcasses and organs. Nevertheless, the observed low prevalence of Salmonella spp. in ruminants at slaughterhouse and the correspondingly low AMR rates of Salmonella spp. to key antibiotics employed in human medicine do not indicate that ruminant livestock poses a substantial public health risk concerning the transmission of AMR. Thus, the results observed in both the meta-analysis and systematic review suggests that AMR is not solely attributed to veterinary antibiotic use but is also influenced by factors such as animal health management (i.e., biosecurity measures, prophylactic schemes) and human medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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