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Aims: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-related inflammation (CAA-RI) is a potentially reversible manifestation of CAA, histopathologically characterised by transmural and/or perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. We aimed to identify clinical, radiological and laboratory variables capable of improving or supporting the diagnosis of or predicting/influencing the prognosis of CAA-RI and to retrospectively evaluate different therapeutic approaches., Methods: We present clinical and neuroradiological observations in seven unpublished CAA-RI cases, including neuropathological findings in two definite cases. These cases were included in a systematic analysis of probable/definite CAA-RI cases published in the literature up to 31 December 2021. Descriptive and associative analyses were performed, including a set of clinical, radiological and laboratory variables to predict short-term, 6-month and 1-year outcomes and mortality, first on definite and second on an expanded probable/definite CAA-RI cohort., Results: Data on 205 definite and 100 probable cases were analysed. CAA-RI had a younger symptomatic onset than non-inflammatory CAA, without sex preference. Transmural histology was more likely to be associated with the co-localisation of microbleeds with confluent white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Incorporating leptomeningeal enhancement and/or sulcal non-nulling on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) enhanced the sensitivity of the criteria. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was associated with a decreased probability of clinical improvement and longer term positive outcomes. Future lobar haemorrhage was associated with adverse outcomes, including mortality. Immunosuppression was associated with short-term improvement, with less clear effects on long-term outcomes. The superiority of high-dose over low-dose corticosteroids was not established., Conclusions: This is the largest retrospective associative analysis of published CAA-RI cases and the first to include an expanded probable/definite cohort to identify diagnostic/prognostic markers. We propose points for further crystallisation of the criteria and directions for future prospective studies., (© 2023 The Authors. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Neuropathological Society.)

Planets with radii between that of the Earth and Neptune (hereafter referred to as 'sub-Neptunes') are found in close-in orbits around more than half of all Sun-like stars 1,2 . However, their composition, formation and evolution remain poorly understood 3 . The study of multiplanetary systems offers an opportunity to investigate the outcomes of planet formation and evolution while controlling for initial conditions and environment. Those in resonance (with their orbital periods related by a ratio of small integers) are particularly valuable because they imply a system architecture practically unchanged since its birth. Here we present the observations of six transiting planets around the bright nearby star HD 110067. We find that the planets follow a chain of resonant orbits. A dynamical study of the innermost planet triplet allowed the prediction and later confirmation of the orbits of the rest of the planets in the system. The six planets are found to be sub-Neptunes with radii ranging from 1.94R ⊕ to 2.85R ⊕ . Three of the planets have measured masses, yielding low bulk densities that suggest the presence of large hydrogen-dominated atmospheres., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Ultrashort-period (USP) exoplanets have orbital periods shorter than 1 day. Precise masses and radii of USP exoplanets could provide constraints on their unknown formation and evolution processes. We report the detection and characterization of the USP planet GJ 367b using high-precision photometry and radial velocity observations. GJ 367b orbits a bright ( V -band magnitude of 10.2), nearby, and red (M-type) dwarf star every 7.7 hours. GJ 367b has a radius of 0.718 ± 0.054 Earth-radii and a mass of 0.546 ± 0.078 Earth-masses, making it a sub-Earth planet. The corresponding bulk density is 8.106 ± 2.165 grams per cubic centimeter—close to that of iron. An interior structure model predicts that the planet has an iron core radius fraction of 86 ± 5%, similar to that of Mercury’s interior.

Objectives: Carotid bodies (CBs) play an important role in regulating sympathetic nervous system activity. Thus, they are likely to be enlarged in patients with certain cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The aim of this case-control study was to verify this hypothesis using computed tomography angiography (CTA)., Methods: We retrospectively analysed 141 CTAs including 16 controls, 96 patients with only hypertension (HT), 12 with HT and previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 9 with HT and heart failure (HF), and 8 with HT and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed the data using analysis of variance, with p < 0.05 indicating significance., Results: CB average areas in the controls were 2.31 mm 2 (right side (RS)) vs. 2.34 mm 2 (left side (LS)). CB size was significantly enlarged in patients with HT: 3.07 mm 2 (RS) ( p =0.019) vs. 2.91 mm 2 (LS) ( p =0.002). If AMI (RS: 3.5 mm 2 ; LS: 3.44 mm 2 ) or HF (RS: 4.01 mm 2 ; LS: 4.55 mm 2 ) was associated with HT, the CB size was even more enlarged. COPD did not affect CB size (RS: 2.40 mm 2 ; LS: 2.29 mm 2 )., Conclusions: Our data showed that certain diseases with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system were associated with significantly enlarged CBs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The authors of this article declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article., (Copyright © 2021 Sándor Csizmadia et al.)

Aims: In this study we investigated the relationship between cardiovascular instability and the size of the developed ischaemic lesions during carotid stent implantation by diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance (MR) examination., Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed anaesthesia reports and follow-up MR examinations after stent implantation of 192 patients in a 3-year period. Nineteen aspects of cardiovascular status were analyzed. We registered the duration of the intervention, low and high blood pressure (BP) values during anaesthesia and heart rates. The fluctuations of BP and heart rate and the time of their compensations after the stent expansion were also recorded. Values were compared with the number and the size of ischaemic lesions on DWI scans. We used Spearman and Kendall rank correlations and Welch's tests for statistical analysis. Values of p ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant., Results: Decreased heart rate significantly correlated with the number ( p  = 0.0123) and size ( p  = 0.00323) of ischaemic lesions during stent expansion. Other cardiovascular parameters did not show any significant correlations., Conclusions: Our results indicate that only heart rate attenuation affects the size of ischaemic lesions; thus the prevention of bradycardia is highly important.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is most commonly recognized by β-amyloid deposition in the small and medium sized vessels of the brain. The 71-year-old female presented with a sudden onset of vertigo and headache. By native computer tomography (CT) examination we found cerebral atrophy and the sign of chronic vascular injury. The complaints of the patient worsened, thus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. The MRI scan revealed a bleeding transformation of an ischemic lesion in the right occipital region. On the susceptibility weighted scans we could observe old microbleedings, thus we suspected CAA. The patient later re-presented at the clinic with a sudden onset of right sided hemiplegia. We performed a native CT scan which identified cerebral hemorrhage in atypical position confirming our diagnosis. CAA has many radiological presentations. The most important is the lobar cerebral hemorrhage. On the susceptibility weighted MRI scans, we could identify the microbleeds and the superficial siderosis by the deposition of the hemosiderin. The subarachnoid hemorrhage is a sign of bad outcome. In the white matter, we could detect the change of the related inflammation and the leukoaraiosis. Further, two not specific abnormalities can be important as well, such as extended ischemic lesions and perivascular space dilatation. CAA has various appearances on MRI. Repeated vascular events and dementia in old age patients draw attention to its presence. The correct diagnosis can be made with the right interpretation of the patient's complaints in combination with the radiological abnormalities. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(11): 439-444.

Of the over 400 known exoplanets, there are about 70 planets that transit their central star, a situation that permits the derivation of their basic parameters and facilitates investigations of their atmospheres. Some short-period planets, including the first terrestrial exoplanet (CoRoT-7b), have been discovered using a space mission designed to find smaller and more distant planets than can be seen from the ground. Here we report transit observations of CoRoT-9b, which orbits with a period of 95.274 days on a low eccentricity of 0.11 +/- 0.04 around a solar-like star. Its periastron distance of 0.36 astronomical units is by far the largest of all transiting planets, yielding a 'temperate' photospheric temperature estimated to be between 250 and 430 K. Unlike previously known transiting planets, the present size of CoRoT-9b should not have been affected by tidal heat dissipation processes. Indeed, the planet is found to be well described by standard evolution models with an inferred interior composition consistent with that of Jupiter and Saturn.