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Remote Sensing (RS) scene classification, a pivotal task in Earth observation, involves categorizing satellite or aerial imagery into distinct land-use and land-cover classes. Major challenges in this task include high intraclass variability and low interclass distinctions. Historically, state-of-the-art methods in this field have struggled to achieve satisfactory results without a significant trade-off in computational efficiency. These methods often require substantial computational resources to process the complex data characteristics of RS imagery, leading to inefficiencies that limit their practical application in real-time or on resource-constrained platforms. Delving into these complexities, the Efficient Spectral Inception Former (ESIF) architecture is proposed, which introduces a novel paradigm to RS scene classification by integrating multi-domain feature fusion of the spatial, texture, and spectral (frequency) domains. The proposed approach leverages the strengths of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for spatial information extraction, a novel texture feature alignment block (TFAB) for nuanced texture differentiation, an efficient spectro-former block (ESFB) that uses spectral analysis for enhanced pattern recognition, a cross-domain fusion block (CDFB) and finally, an inception transformer block (iFB) that balances high and low-frequency information. Furthermore, we construct a new remote scene dataset named ISL-RS50, which is significantly more challenging than the existing ones. The proposed method yield the best results when trained from scratch, in all seven tested datasets:: ISL-RS50 (60%), Optimal-31 (86.55%), UC-Merced (94.52%), RSSCN7 (94.1%), SIRI-WHU (95%), WHU-RS19 (94.52%), AID (93.5%). Finally, ESIF exemplifies an optimal accuracy-efficiency trade-off, supporting its suitability for deployment in real-world applications.

Nonprofit scholars and practitioners alike adhere to a long-held assumption that nonprofit work is, and will remain, inherently meaningful work. The long-term marketization of the nonprofit sector coupled with the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic has undercut this narrative. Our research on meaningful nonprofit work indicates that while many nonprofit workers do find their work meaningful, pay, flexibility, and work/life balance are increasingly important to them. This commentary suggests that nonprofit leaders can no longer presume that workers motivated by prosocial values will seek out and stay with nonprofit work, satisfied with the “psychic income” that comes from doing good work. Nonprofits must be managed and led differently such that they center workers’ contemporary needs and desires. Organizational and public policy initiatives around pay equity and flexible work can support such a transition for the nonprofit sector.

The INFN Cloud project was launched at the beginning of 2020, aiming to build a distributed Cloud infrastructure and provide advanced services for the INFN scientific communities. A Platform as a Service (PaaS) was created inside INFN Cloud that allows the experiments to develop and access resources as a Software as a Service (SaaS), and CYGNO is the betatester of this system. The aim of the CYGNO experiment is to realize a large gaseous Time Projection Chamber based on the optical readout of the photons produced in the avalanche multiplication of ionization electrons in a GEM stack. To this extent, CYGNO exploits the progress in commercial scientific Active Pixel Sensors based on Scientific CMOS for Dark Matter search and Solar Neutrino studies. CYGNO, like many other astroparticle experiments, requires a computing model to acquire, store, simulate and analyze data typically far from High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. Indeed, astroparticle experiments are typically characterized by being less demanding of computing resources with respect to HEP ones but have to deal with unique and unrepeatable data, sometimes collected in extreme conditions, with extensive use of templates and montecarlo, and are often re-calibrated and reconstructed many times for a given data set. Moreover, the varieties and the scale of computing models and requirements are extremely large. In this scenario, the Cloud infrastructure with standardized and optimized services offered to the scientific community could be a useful solution able to match the requirements of many small/medium size experiments. In this work, we will present the CYGNO computing model based on the INFN cloud infrastructure where the experiment software, easily extendible to similar experiments to similar applications on other similar experiments, provides tools as a service to store, archive, analyze, and simulate data.

Given the challenge of visualizing the main constructs of two-variable functions and their differential and integral calculus, it is essential to consider instructional resources' use and perceived potential to contribute to students' understanding. This case study considers how four instructors selected and used digital and physical resources in multivariable calculus and their motivations for doing so. We use the teaching triad of "sensitivity to students," "mathematical challenge," and "management of learning" to consider the reasons for resource adoption, studying how these instructors think about the resources they use. We also consider how instructors, students, and resources are reported to interact in multivariable calculus. Findings suggest that the instructors' concern for students' learning and their conviction that visualization is crucial in multivariable calculus moved them to explore and adopt different resources, especially ones that were free and easy to use. However, visualization was not the only spatial literacy aspect considered. As the instructors gained more experience with the instructional resources they were using, they reported adopting more student-centered use of these resources that allowed them to do more than facilitate visualization during a lecture. The resources began serving as referents for students as they communicated and reasoned about tasks with the instructor as well as among themselves.

The possibility of inducing value change has attracted interest among scholars and practitioners in developmental and social psychology. This study proposes a new web-based intervention aimed at enhancing the importance adolescents ascribe to social-focused values (i.e., self-transcendence and conservation), which was implemented and evaluated in the context of online schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social-focused values primarily regulate how one relates to others and preserve cooperative relations. These values were found to predict positive outcomes, such as adolescents' well-being, school performance, prosocial behavior, and, most recently, COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The intervention was carried out with a group of 140 high school students (Age: M = 16.53, SD = 0.95) living in Italy during the pandemic. The intervention group (N = 84) completed four tasks, which were based on the value-changing mechanisms of priming, consistency maintenance (raising awareness and knowledge of prosociality), or direct persuasion (trying to convince another person to act prosocially). The intervention significantly increased the importance of conservation values (i.e., tradition, conformity, security) but not of self-transcendence values (i.e., universalism, benevolence) in the intervention group in comparison to the control group (N = 56). This result reflects the reality during the pandemic, where prosociality was more easily expressed through behaviors consistent with conservation values instead of self-transcendence values, which emphasize (physical) proximity to others. The effectiveness of the intervention was further supported by a qualitative analysis of adolescents' writings while completing the tasks. Limitations of the study, future research developments, and practical implications for values education in secondary schools are discussed.

As GenAI becomes embedded in developer toolchains and practices, and routine code is increasingly generated, human creativity will be increasingly important for generating competitive advantage. This paper uses the McLuhan tetrad alongside scenarios of how GenAI may disrupt software development more broadly, to identify potential impacts GenAI may have on creativity within software development. The impacts are discussed along with a future research agenda comprising five connected themes that consider how individual capabilities, team capabilities, the product, unintended consequences, and society. can be affected.

Antonio Russo,1 Federica Calò,1 Alessandra Di Fraia,1 Mario Starace,1 Carmine Minichini,1 Valeria Gentile,1 Italo Francesco Angelillo,2 Nicola Coppola1 On behalf of the Vanvitelli-COVID-19 Group1Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania, Naples, Italy; 2Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, ItalyCorrespondence: Nicola Coppola Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Campania, via: L. Armanni 5, Naples 80131, ItalyTel +39 0815666719Fax +39 0815666013Email nicola.coppola@unicampania.itBackground and Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic performance of an LFA compared with an ELISA test in a cohort of HWs operating in a COVID-19 unit of a teaching hospital in southern Italy.Methods: We performed an observational, prospective, interventional study including 65 COVID-19 unit personnel. On a total of 196 serum samples (at least 2 serum samples for each HW), LFA and ELISA tests for SARS-COV-2 IgG and IgM were performed. Also, 32 serum samples of SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive patients at least 21 days before sampling, and 30 serum samples of patients obtained up to November 2019, before COVID-19 outbreak in China, were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.Findings: Of the 65 HWs enrolled, 6 were positive in LFA; overall, of the 196 serum samples, 20 were positive in LFA. All ELISA tests performed on serum samples collected from HWs were negative. The specificity of LFAs was 90.77% considering the 65 HWs and 89.80% considering all the 196 health workers serum samples analyzed. Considering the data on HWs, ELISA test for SARS-COV-2 antibodies showed a specificity of 100%, including all the 196 serum samples collected, and 100% including the 65 HWs. The ELISA and LFAs performed after 21 days last COVID-19 patient was discharged were all negative.Conclusion: LFAs compared to ELISA tests result in less specificity, considering COVID-19 negative personnel and patients. Thus, LFAs seem to be not adequate in the active surveillance of HWs.Keywords: health workers, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, anti-IgG SAR-COV-2, active surveillance

Antonio Russo, Carmine Minichini, Mario Starace, Roberta Astorri, Federica Calò, Nicola Coppola On behalf of the Vanvitelli COVID-19 groupDepartment of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, ItalyCorrespondence: Nicola CoppolaDepartment of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via: L. Armanni 5, Naples 80131, ItalyTel +39 0815666719Fax +39 0815666013Email nicola.coppola@unicampania.itAbstract: The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the related disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly to pandemic proportions, increasing the demands on healthcare systems for the containment and management of COVID-19. One of the critical issues to be addressed is the improvement in laboratory diagnosis and screening of large portions of the population to stop the virus spreading. Currently, the laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related disease is based on the research of viral RNA with rt-PCR methods in upper and lower respiratory airways. Serological tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could help physicians and healthcare workers to support COVID-19 diagnosis and follow-up and perform population screening. Our review, using MEDLINE and EMBASE, summarizes the current knowledge of direct and serological tests performed to research RNA, antigens, or antibodies for SARS-CoV-2, evaluating the advantages and drawbacks for specific tests.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, laboratory diagnosis, serological test, PCR

This narrative review examines the thematic content and evolution of information literacy textbooks published between 2005 and 2022. Analyzing sixteen textbooks, it explores two themes: the research process and conceptual foundations of information literacy. The research process theme highlights the procedural aspects of conducting library research, delineating the steps from topic selection to presentation. The conceptual foundations of IL theme reveals a discrepancy in how textbooks address the broader conceptual underpinnings of information literacy, particularly the context of a rapidly changing information society. This review highlights the focus on practical skills and the relative lack of discussions on broader contexts in which these skills are applied. The findings suggest a need for textbooks to provide a more comprehensive approach, integrating deeper conceptual understanding and critical awareness of how information systems operate within technological, societal, and political frameworks. This holistic perspective is crucial for preparing learners to navigate contemporary information challenges.

The quality of life for a child with a chronic illness depends on various factors, including the illness's severity, medical treatments, psychosocial and educational support, resource availability, and community involvement. These biopsychosocial factors become significant when the child receives care at home. This article presents and evaluates a highly personalized support project offered to 40 Sicilian families, consisting of educational, social, and psychological services delivered at the families homes and in their communities. Guided by the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) and the Functional Psychology framework, the project employed a family-focused approach to healthcare and was based on a continuous dialogue between all stakeholders. The project was evaluated through a qualitative interview with eight families in the Palermo area, which was analyzed using consensual qualitative research. Results revealed families' appreciation of the project and the importance of a professional who listened to their needs, provided a connection with the medical team, and tailored activities inside and outside the home. The ability of professionals to listen and adapt activities to different contexts and needs was crucial for the project's success. We conclude that creating tailored family-level interventions with an educator acting as a liaison with the medical team is a widely acceptable strategy that should be further developed and investigated.

Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) of large intensity (106 pps or higher) are at the frontier in nuclear physics. We designed a novel detection system for RIBs diagnostics and tagging based on Silicon Carbide detectors and on custom frontend electronics ready to be coupled with a Real Data Management Unit. The full detection system is designed to measure the spatial distribution of the beam intensity and trajectory with sufficient spatial resolution (of the order of 1-2 mm). In addition, the detection system has to determine the RIB composition that can be obtained from the joint measurement of the energy loss (>E) of the ions passing through the sensors and the time of flight between two sensors or with respect to a given reference signal as the RadioFrequency signal of a Cyclotron. In this paper we present the full design of the proposed system together with the results of the first experimental qualification of the first mini-prototype. The paper also shows the steps towards the final detection system, housed in a DN160 spherical cross and able to cover an active area of 30 mm × 60 mm.

The NUMEN experiment points to measure Double Charge Exchange reaction (DCE) cross sections with heavy-ion beams interacting with specific isotopes of interest for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay process (0νββ). To achieve this, NUMEN requires a complete upgrade to MAGNEX spectrometer in INFN-LNS and a high intensity ion beam. This work focuses on the design of a new scattering chamber where the ion beam will interact with the target precisely positioned by an automatic system. The target will be cooled by a custom system based on HOPG and a cryo-cooler. The fist integration of the chamber with all its components has been done at INFN section of Turin to check compliance with the requirements and to study the procedures for the target replacement. Some results of this tests will be presented.

Francesco Semeraro,1 Francesco Morescalchi,1 Andrea Russo,1 Elena Gambicorti,1 Andrea Pilotto,2 Francesco Parmeggiani,3 Silvia Bartollino,4 Ciro Costagliola4 1Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; 2Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; 3Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; 4Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, ItalyCorrespondence: Silvia BartollinoDepartment of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Santis, Campobasso 86100, ItalyEmail silvia.bartollino@unimol.itAbstract: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common retina disease and has a relative high recurrence rate, etiology, and pathogenesis of which remains largely ambiguous. The effects on the retina are usually self-limited, although some people are left with permanent vision loss due to progressive and irreversible photoreceptor damage or retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. There have been a number of interventions used in CSC, including, but not limited to, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT), intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, and subthreshold lasers. It is not clear whether there is a clinically important benefit to treating acute CSC, which often resolves spontaneously as part of its natural history. Of the interventions studied to date, PDT and micropulse laser treatment appear the most promising. Keywords: central serous chorioretinopathy, acute central serous chorioretinopathy, chronic central serous chorioretinopathy

Cardiac arrhythmias are commonly noted in patients during infections with and recovery from COVID-19. Arrhythmic manifestations span the spectrum of innocuous and benign to life-threatening and deadly. Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed. Debate continues on the impact of incident and exacerbated arrhythmias on the acute and chronic (recovery) phase of the illness. COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocardial inflammation and autonomic disruption remain concerns. As the pandemic has transformed to an endemic, with discovery of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, updated vaccines, and potent antiviral drugs, vigilance for COVID-19-associated arrhythmic and dysautonomic manifestations remains. The objective of this American Heart Association scientific statement is to review the available evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of cardiac arrhythmias and autonomic dysfunction in patients infected with and recovering from COVID-19 and to provide evidence-based guidance. The writing committees consensus on implications for clinical practice, gaps in knowledge, and directions for future research are highlighted.

BACKGROUND: Aortic stenosis (AS) is a prevalent valvular disorder necessitating timely intervention, particularly when symptomatic. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the recommended treatment, but delays in access to AVR are common and linked to adverse outcomes and increased health care costs. This study aims to assess the health care cost burden associated with delaying transcatheter AVR (TAVR) in Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with clinically significant AS. METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective database study utilized the Optum de-identified U.S. claims database, encompassing Medicare Advantage enrollees. Patients aged 65 years or older were identified as having AS based on medical billing codes and were required to have a record of syncope, dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain/angina, or heart failure prior to, on or within 30 days of their incident AS diagnosis. Total health care costs were analyzed over a 2-year period, regressed against the delay in receiving TAVR, and adjusted for covariates. In the 4105 patients meeting study inclusion criteria, delays in TAVR were associated with a significant increase in health care costs, translating to those waiting 12 months for TAVR incurring an additional cost of $10,080 compared to those receiving TAVR promptly. Non-TAVR related costs largely drove this increase. CONCLUSIONS: Delaying TAVR in clinically significant AS patients is associated with higher health care costs, emphasizing the need for timely interventions. Addressing delays in TAVR access and optimizing pre-TAVR workup can potentially improve patient outcomes and reduce health care expenditure.

Given that today’s real-world diesel fuel supply is comprised of biodiesel as a blendstock with petrodiesel, understanding how addition of biodiesel affects exhaust particle properties and their subsequent effect on human health is critically important. Here, samples of a commercial waste vegetable oil biodiesel B100 fuel were subject to thermal oxidation at 110oC for 5, 10 or 20 hr before diesel engine dynamometer emissions testing as the neat fuel (B100) and as a 20% v/v biodiesel blend (B20) with petrodiesel. Exhaust particulate matter samples collected using impingers were tested for the ability of the particles to initiateformation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using the abiotic dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. DTT Activity [nmol DTT consumed per minute per mg PM] of three B20, three B100 as well as petrodiesel (B0) fuels over a total of 13 emissions tests with a light-duty diesel engine were compared. Combining data for emissions tests by fuel blend and oxidation status, mean DTT Activity was similar between B0 and B20 (10hr oxidized), B100 (neat) and B100 (5 hr). Particles from the B20 neat and B20 (20 hr) fuels had the highest measured DTT Activity whereas the B100 neat and B100 (5 hr) had the lowest DTT Activity. Twenty hours of thermal oxidation conditions resulted in the highest measured DTT Activity (or highest potential to form ROS) for both B20 and B100 fuels and IP=0. An inverse relationship between storage stability (opposite of degree of fuel oxidation) of the biodiesel fuel as measured by induction potential (IP) and the ROS formation potential: higher DTT Activity was noted for the B100 fuels with the lowest IP. Results suggest that mixing of B20 from certified B100 fuel may lead to oxidation of unsaturated FAMES and subsequent higher ROS formation potential. Future work should examine how the detailed chemical composition of biodiesel exhaust PM, especially when waste oil B100 is blended with petrodiesel at 20 % v/v, may be related to DTT consumption or other metrics for ROS formation potential. Further, future emissions studies should provide information on property differences between Bxx blends and the neat B100 fuel that result not only from biodiesel storage, but from fuel handling. View the NCST Project Webpage

PURPOSE: Long-term outcomes of patients with stage I human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) remain undefined, and prognostic predictors represent an unmet need. METHODS: In the ATEMPT phase II trial, patients with stage I centrally confirmed HER2-positive breast cancer were randomly assigned 3:1 to adjuvant T-DM1 for 1 year or paclitaxel plus trastuzumab (TH). Coprimary objectives were to compare the incidence of clinically relevant toxicities between arms and to evaluate invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) with T-DM1. Correlative analyses included the HER2DX genomic tool, multiomic evaluations of HER2 heterogeneity, and predictors of thrombocytopenia. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 11 iDFS events were observed in the T-DM1 arm, consistent with a 5-year iDFS of 97.0% (95% CI, 95.2 to 98.7). At 5 years, the recurrence-free interval (RFI) was 98.3% (95% CI, 97.0 to 99.7), the overall survival was 97.8% (95% CI, 96.3 to 99.3), and the breast cancer-specific survival was 99.4% (95% CI, 98.6 to 100). Comparable iDFS was observed with T-DM1 irrespective of tumor size, hormone receptor status, centrally determined HER2 immunohistochemical score, and receipt of T-DM1 for more or less than 6 months. Although ATEMPT was not powered for this end point, the 5-year iDFS in the TH arm was 91.1%. Among patients with sufficient tissue for HER2DX testing (n = 187), 5-year outcomes significantly differed according to HER2DX risk score, with better RFI (98.1% v 81.8%, hazard ratio [HR], 0.10, P = .01) and iDFS (96.3% v 81.8%, HR, 0.20, P = .047) among patients with HER2DX low-risk versus high-risk tumors, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant T-DM1 for 1 year leads to outstanding long-term outcomes for patients with stage I HER2-positive breast cancer. A high HER2DX risk score predicted a higher risk of recurrence in ATEMPT.

Three-dimensional (3D) vegetation structure influences animal movements and, consequently, ecosystem functions. Animals disperse the seeds of 60%-90% of trees in tropical rainforests, which are among the most structurally complex ecosystems on Earth. Here, we investigated how 3D rainforest structure influences the movements of large, frugivorous birds and resulting spatial patterns of seed dispersal. We GPS-tracked white-thighed (Bycanistes albotibialis) and black-casqued hornbills (Ceratogymna atrata) in a study area surveyed by light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in southern Cameroon. We found that both species preferred areas of greater canopy height and white-thighed hornbill preferred areas of greater vertical complexity. In addition, 33% of the hornbills preferred areas close to canopy gaps, while 16.7% and 27.8% avoided large and small gaps, respectively. White-thighed hornbills avoided swamp habitats, while black-casqued increased their preference for swamps during the hottest temperatures. We mapped spatial probabilities of seed dispersal by hornbills, showing that 3D structural attributes shape this ecological process by influencing hornbill behaviour. These results provide evidence of a possible feedback loop between rainforest vegetation structure and seed dispersal by animals. Interactions between seed dispersers and vegetation structure described here are essential for understanding ecosystem functions in tropical rainforests and critical for predicting how rainforests respond to anthropogenic impacts.

BACKGROUND: Rib fractures are one of the most common traumatic injuries and may result in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite growing evidence, technological advances and increasing acceptance, surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) remains not uniformly considered in trauma centers. Indications, contraindications, appropriate timing, surgical approaches and utilized implants are part of an ongoing debate. The present position paper, which is endorsed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), and supported by the Chest Wall Injury Society, aims to provide a review of the literature investigating the use of SSRF in rib fracture management to develop graded position statements, providing an updated guide and reference for SSRF. METHODS: This position paper was developed according to the WSES methodology. A steering committee performed the literature review and drafted the position paper. An international panel of experts then critically revised the manuscript and discussed it in detail, to develop a consensus on the position statements. RESULTS: A total of 287 studies (systematic reviews, randomized clinical trial, prospective and retrospective comparative studies, case series, original articles) have been selected from an initial pool of 9928 studies. Thirty-nine graded position statements were put forward to address eight crucial aspects of SSRF: surgical indications, contraindications, optimal timing of surgery, preoperative imaging evaluation, rib fracture sites for surgical fixation, management of concurrent thoracic injuries, surgical approach, stabilization methods and material selection. CONCLUSION: This consensus document addresses the key focus questions on surgical treatment of rib fractures. The expert recommendations clarify current evidences on SSRF indications, timing, operative planning, approaches and techniques, with the aim to guide clinicians in optimizing the management of rib fractures, to improve patient outcomes and direct future research.

Many central nervous system (CNS) disorders lack approved treatment options. Previous research demonstrated that peptide CAQK can bind to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the extracellular matrix of the CNS. In vivo studies have investigated CAQK conjugated to nanoparticles containing therapeutic agents with varying methodologies/outcomes. This paper presents the first systematic review assessing its properties, applications, and outcomes secondary to its use. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was performed across multiple databases. Studies utilizing CAQK as a therapeutic agent/homing molecule in animal/human models were selected. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Mice and rats were the predominant animal models. All studies except one used CAQK to deliver a therapeutic agent. The reviewed studies mostly included models of brain and spinal cord injuries. Most studies had intravenous administration of CAQK. All studies demonstrated various benefits and that CAQK conjugation facilitated localization to target tissues. No studies directly evaluated the effects of CAQK alone. The data are limited by the heterogeneity in study methodologies and the lack of direct comparison between CAQK and conjugated agents. Overall, these findings present CAQK utilization to deliver a therapeutic agent as a promising targeting strategy in the management of disorders where CSPGs are upregulated.

Child abuse has intergenerational consequences for psychopathology, however, there remains a paucity of research regarding how these experiences affect Latinx families, particularly those at risk for additional negative life events, such as racial discrimination. This study aims to contribute to this gap in the literature by examining the impact maternal child abuse exposure has on youth and maternal psychopathology, as well as whether these associations are moderated by racial discrimination, in a sample of 224 Latinx mother-youth dyads. Hierarchical regressions revealed small but significant maternal child abuse exposure x racial discrimination interactions for youth depression and anxiety, but not maternal depression or anxiety, which were solely positively associated with maternal child abuse exposure. Findings highlight the multifarious, and at times convergent, nature of trauma and oppression among Latinx families, as well as the impact across generations. Future work is needed to further elucidate developmental pathways of intergenerational trauma in understudied populations.

Despite the extensive use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) of RNA, simultaneous direct sequencing and quantitative mapping of multiple RNA nucleotide modifications remains challenging. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based sequencing can directly sequence all RNA modifications without being limited to specific ones, but it requires a perfect MS ladder that few tRNAs can provide. Here, we describe an MS ladder complementation sequencing approach (MLC-Seq) that circumvents the perfect ladder requirement, allowing de novo MS sequencing of full-length heterogeneous cellular tRNAs with multiple nucleotide modifications at single-nucleotide precision. Unlike NGS-based methods, which lose RNA modification information, MLC-Seq preserves RNA sequence diversity and modification information, revealing new detailed stoichiometric tRNA modification profiles and their changes upon treatment with the dealkylating enzyme AlkB. It can also be combined with reference sequences to provide quantitative analysis of diverse tRNAs and modifications in total tRNA samples. MLC-Seq enables systematic, quantitative, and site-specific mapping of RNA modifications, revealing the truly complete informational content of tRNA.

The 4f orbitals of Ce(IV) have shown appreciably enhanced covalent mixing with ligand orbitals relative to those of Ce(III). Here, X-ray spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and theoretical methods are used to investigate 4f covalency in CeF62- and CeCl62-. These techniques show covalent mixing between Ce 4f and F 2p orbitals to be about 25% less than mixing between Ce 4f and Cl 3p orbitals, placing CeF62- among the most ionic Ce(IV) compounds to-date. However, ligand field analysis using the experimental data shows significantly higher 4f orbital overlap with the F 2p orbitals compared to the Cl 3p. This result is counterintuitive since the Ce-F bonds display less 4f covalency despite their higher orbital overlap, and greater overlap is traditionally associated with enhanced bond covalency. The weaker covalency is attributed to the large energy gap between Ce 4f and F 2p orbitals strongly counteracting the higher orbital overlap. These results highlight that only a concerted consideration of both atomic orbital overlap and energy matching in f-element systems leads to an accurate picture of their bonding.

Workshop on Rossby Waves, Heat Waves, and Compound Extreme Events What: A workshop on Rossby waves, heat waves, and compound extreme events was co-organized by the Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC) of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) and the University of Trento, Italy. The workshop gathered experts from different fields, such as extreme events analysis, atmospheric dynamics, climate modeling, and numerical weather prediction, with the aim to discuss state-of-the-art research, open challenges, and stimulate networking across different communities. When: 28-30 November 2023 Where: CNR Research Area, Bologna, Italy KEYWORDS: Atmosphere; Extratropics; Rossby waves; Extreme events; Heat wave, 1. Introduction The low-frequency variability of the atmosphere has long been the subject of intense investigation in the dynamical meteorology community (Benzi et al. 1986; Ghil 1987; Mo and Ghil [...]

Bartonella quintana is a small, facultatively intracellular, gram-negative bacillus that is transmitted to humans through the feces of an infected human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis) (1). B. quintana infection [...]