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Shaping a proper dorsum must constitute an essential part of rhinoplasty. This article addresses the main current concepts that play a significant role in dorsal modifications: proper exposure at the keystone, component separation and incremental reduction, straightening the septum and positioning it in the midline, mobilizing and reshaping the nasal bones by osteotomies and osteoplasties, and finally reconstituting a barrel vault of appropriate width and proper contour. The importance of power tools and piezoelectric instrumentation is highlighted, as well as the relevance of simulation and computed tomography (CT) imaging as key to bone and septal work. Finally, the key principles of rebuilding the dorsum in revision rhinoplasty are detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is focused on the characterisation of typical salami produced in Alessandria province (North West of Italy). Seventeen small or medium salami producers from this area were involved in the study and provided the samples investigated. The aim is double and consists in obtaining a screening of the characteristics of different products and following their evolution along ripening. The study involved five types of typical salami that were characterised for aroma components and nutritional features. This approach could provide a basis for a possible PDO or PGI label request. Principal Component Analysis and cluster analysis were used as multivariate statistical tools for data treatment. The overall results obtained point out that the products investigated do not deviate from analogous European products and show the possibility of characterising by specific parameters three main groups of samples: Salamini di Mandrogne, Muletta, and Nobile Giarolo; moreover some considerations can also be drawn with respect to the nutritional characterization considering the biogenic amines profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rate of margins involvement and the associated recurrence risk in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) varies widely in published works (7%-25% and 26%-67%, respectively). This study investigated the risk factors associated with incomplete excision and their relevance in surgical management when positive margins occur in 3957 BCCs excised in 2358 patients. This study performed a multivariate analysis on the database collected from all patients operated for BCCs in the Plastic Surgery Department between 1 January 1992 and 1 September 2007. All data collected (3957 excisions; 2358 individuals) were divided into complete and incomplete excisions groups and analyzed according to 14 variables. The overall rate of incomplete excisions was 14%. Mean age (68), size of the lesion (< 0.5 cm), BCC subtype (nodular with sclerosant aspects, sclerosant and basosquamous), location (face), infiltration depth (hypodermis and deep tissues), recurrent BCC and re-excised BCC were significantly associated with a higher rate of incomplete excision. The recurrence rate for incompletely excised tumours was 26.8%, while only 5.9% for completely excised tumours. Most of the risk factors associated to incomplete excision can be identified before surgery (by simple anamnesis and clinical examination) and successfully overcome by appropriate surgical margins. The high recurrence rate after incomplete excision and the low patient compliance towards follow-up should lead the surgeon to early re-excise residual cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to understand how cheese making factors can influence the quality of cheese along ripening. The study is focused on a semi-hard cheese (Toma). Three parameters (type of milk, of curd and of starter bacteria) were studied by a full factorial experimental design, providing a set of eight cheese samples characterised, after one and two months of ripening respectively, by compositional parameters and the content of biogenic amines. Principal component Analysis and the regression models built for one and two months relating cheese making factors to quality parameters, allowed to point out important relationships existing between cheese making conditions, ripening time and quality and led to suggest best practices in the cheese making procedure of Toma cheese, according to the improvement in both food safety and quality. The approach is intended as a guideline for product optimization taking into account the technological features of the product, food safety issues and the receipt constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization of the experimental settings of a laser probe analyzer used for monitoring the interlace level of yarns in the textile industry was performed to reduce large number of errors that concern the reading of the interlace level of internal reference materials. The aim was to obtain a repeatable and accurate reading of the interlace level for two classes of products: texturized and stretched yarns. The experimental design techniques allowed to build a regression model for each class, relating the instrument reading and the experimental parameters of the control analyzer. The use of the optimal settings suggested by the regression models ensured great improvement in the accuracy of the readings furnished by the probe. This improvement ranged from 8% to 10% in the case of the texturized threads and from 15% to 32% in the case of the stretched ones, bringing about a relevant improvement in the quality control process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances' (PFAS) extreme persistence has been linked to many adverse effects on human health including increased risk of certain cancers. This study presents the development and validation of a new, highly sensitive method for the quantification of 32 PFAS in human serum using online solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Legacy and emerging PFAS were targeted. Main steps of sample pretreatment include protein precipitation (PP), pellet rinsing, centrifugation, preconcentration through solvent evaporation, and online SPE using a weak anion-exchange polymeric sorbent. The PP and pellet-rinsing procedures were optimized through a comprehensive exploration of solvent combinations. Following this, a pretreatment that offers the best compromise for the targeted PFAS was identified using principal component analysis. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² = 0.977-0.997) with limits of quantification ranging from 8.9 to 27 ng/L, 5 to 15 times lower than previous methods. Precision (intraday 2.6-14.0 % and interday 1.3-11.0 % relative standard deviation) and accuracy (recoveries 72.7-106 %) were robust. The method was validated in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 and successfully applied to five human serum samples, confirming its suitability for high-throughput profiling of PFAS in biomonitoring studies. This method is the first to use online SPE for the simultaneous determination of a broad range of PFAS, including ether congeners such as perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane) sulfonic acid and Nafion byproduct 2. Furthermore, control charts were employed to assess instrument performance during routine analysis and implement necessary actions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Over the past decade, rhinoplasty has seen an unprecedented evolution in concepts, techniques and tools. New concepts have led to new techniques, prevalently but not exclusively related to preservation rhinoplasty, and the use of new tools has made such techniques easier, more precise and thus better reproducible. Power tools can presently be considered only relatively new, while Piezo has gained great popularity over the last years., Materials and Method: This article is focused on how power tools (diverse burrs with specific spherical, cylindrical, conical, discoid tips) can be integrated efficiently together with the use of Piezo and its different inserts in a logical and effective manner., Discussion: This combination should be implemented in a progressive fashion into specific steps of surgery, although, in general, burrs should be used for reshaping and piezo for cutting bone. Specific and notable exceptions to this rule will be mentioned in the paper. Obviously, cost should be considered, but the benefits are evident: heightened control, reduced asymmetries, smoother bony and middle vault contour, and a more precise management of septum and turbinates. We have come to this conclusion following the combined experience of the two centers participating in the study, with over 350 patients over the last three years., Conclusions: The article focuses on the modified dorsal split preservation hybrid rhinoplasty favored by the senior author, but its principles will easily apply to any structural, preservation, or hybrid rhinoplasty., Level of Evidence V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose. Ethical Approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed Consent: A written informed consent to participate in the study and having their data and photographs published in the journal was obtained from all participants., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

The complexity of modern food supply chains limits the effectiveness of targeted approaches to address food traceability issues. Untargeted metabolomics provides a comprehensive profile of small molecules present within biological samples. In this study, the potential of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-IMS-HRMS) to discriminate bovine milk samples collected at individual level was evaluated for traceability purposes. For the first time, IMS coupled with UHPLC-HRMS was applied to milk analysis, increasing confidence in metabolite annotation. Supervised Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis coupled to backward elimination variable selection allowed the selection of 52 and 153 features able to discriminate samples belonging to different dairy supply chains and trace samples at herd level, respectively. Amino acids, glycerolipids, and glycerophospholipids were the most represented classes, influencing the biological/technological properties of the final product. The perfect classification of samples belonging to external test sets demonstrated the reliability of the proposed approach., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Andrea Summer reports financial support was provided by Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies. Nicolo’ Riboni reports financial support was provided by University of Parma. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: The prerequisite of a well-shaped dorsum with proper dorsal aesthetic lines that needs no modifications in its width and symmetry is key to letdown and push-down techniques as classically described. The common current concept is that total preservation of the middle vault is obligatory. This, however, obviously limits the indications, since nasal dorsum with natural aesthetic dorsal lines per se is relatively few. The recent, impressive, revival of letdown and push-down procedures has progressively generated numerous technical variations, but all those essentially still left the middle vault unmodified. The concept of splitting the middle vault and modifying its width and symmetry, while leaving the crucial dorsal (central) and lateral Keystone area intact, represents a new hybrid approach to the nasal dorsum. The structural benefits of classical component separation are combined with the major advantage of preserving the flexible chondro-osseous joint at the keystone junction. Osteotomies and/or osteoplasty can be done as necessary to modify the bony dorsum and at the same time any type of septal deformity can be addressed according to the time-tested L-strut principle, a Cottle septoplasty included. This hybrid approach expands indications beyond those of the conventional push-down/letdown technique, including moderate asymmetries of the bony and cartilaginous dorsum. Although splitting the middle vault along the septal T will also facilitate middle vault reshaping in cases where a full letdown procedure is indicated, this paper will clarity address only those instances where no circumferential osteotomy is done., Methods and Materials: The dorsal bony nasal pyramid is always addressed first by rhinosculpture (osteoplasty) with piezoelectric inserts and/or burrs, in combination with different types of osteotomies as needed. This will allow narrowing of the bridge and correction of bony asymmetries. The osseous-cartilaginous connection of the central dorsal keystone area (DKA) is totally preserved. At this point, three main variations are possible: Type 1) preservation of the septal T and push-down by a high-middle septal strip resection, two different variations (1A and 1B) are possible here, Type 2) reduction in width of the septal T-segment and middle vault restoration by spreader flaps without any push-down of the septal T and Type 3) preservation of the septal T and letdown by low strip resection., Conclusion: Hybrid Dorsal Preservation involves concepts of Structure and Preservation Rhinoplasty. Dorsal and lateral keystone area are preserved, and the middle vault could be modified splitting the septal T in the anatomical plane, expanding patient indications and improve outcomes., Level of Evidence V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Human and Animal Participants: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Informed Consent: For this type of study informed consent is not required., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

This study optimized the anaerobic digestion (AD) of separated collected organic fractions of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) to produce energy and digestate as biofertilizer. Due to OFMSW's partial recalcitrance to degradation, enzymatic (UPP2, MCPS, USC4, USE2, A. niger) and physical (mechanical blending, heating, hydrodynamic cavitation) pre-treatments were tested. Experimental and modeling approaches were used to compare AD performance regarding energy sustainability and digestate quality. Digestate was separated into solid and liquid fractions, and then chemically and physically characterized by investigating the nutrient release mechanisms. Principal Component Analysis was applied, equally weighing energy and digestate productions. Unlike previous studies focusing only on biogas, this study evaluated the effects of pre-treatments on both biogas and digestate production, viewing AD as a biorefinery process for urban waste valorization. Results showed that all pre-treatments were energetically sustainable, but enzymatic pre-treatments yielded digestates richer in nutrients (increase of 80% N, 200% P and 150% K as compared to OFMSW) and with greater organic matter degradation compared to physical pre-treatments. The liquid fraction of digestate from enzymatic pre-treatments had higher nutrient concentrations, while those from physical pre-treatments had more balanced nutrient content, making them more suitable for fertigation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Autologous cartilage can be easily and safely harvested as a reliable source of cartilage in rhinoplasty through a small, well-hidden incision. Rib cartilage can be utilized during a primary rhinoplasty when there is insufficient cartilage from the septum or often in revisional nasal surgeries where the initial septal cartilage has previously been used or removed. Rib cartilage carving can be done on a cutting board prior to the beginning of the rhinoplasty in order to allow time for the cartilage to present any warping while it is soaked in saline. Overall autologous rib cartilage is a good source of copious and often good quality cartilage., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The stabilization of the midvault of the nose is an important facet of rhinoplasty. There are several techniques available to accomplish this. The use of autospreader flaps, and spreader grafts are among the most common techniques used. The availability of septal cartilage, auricular cartilage, and costal cartilage effectively permits the surgeon to use autogenous tissues in the vast majority of cases., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Global fish and seafood consumption is increasing annually, frequently leading to the emergence of food fraud, mainly related to mislabeling and adulteration like, for example, the use of illicit/unauthorized food additives to mask or delay fish spoilage. Among the available diagnostic tools for control purposes, spectroscopic techniques have often been proposed to identify these kinds of illicit practices in fish and seafood products. The presented study aims to test two cheap and portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometers, a handheld MicroNIR and a pocket-sized SCiO, to uncover use of the illicit food additive Cafodos, a mixture of sodium citrate and hydrogen peroxide used to preserve some fish characteristics (like smell, color, na dtexture). The NIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometric approaches, allowed the successfully classification of (81-100%) samples of sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) treated with Cafodos. The study highlights the potential of this technique that, by not requiring pre-treatment of samples with further reagents, is cheaper and safer for the environment. In conclusion, the study confirmed the potential of portable devices for rapid NIR spectroscopy analysis to identify food fraud and ensure consumer safety.

Background: Primary or secondary dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty addresses aesthetic and functional issues related to a deficient, under-projected, or depressed nasal dorsum, frequently in middle vault. Traditional treatments often involve costal cartilage grafts, which can result in palpable irregularities and additional morbidity. Implementing dorsal preservation techniques in selected patients may improve predictability and outcomes of dorsal augmentation., Materials and Methods: We conducted a case series involving 12 patients with saddle nose deformities and significant nasal function impairment. All patients underwent either "push-up" preservation technique or "modified dorsal split extended push-up" technique. The techniques were evaluated for feasibility, safety, and efficacy. Functional outcomes were assessed using the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale preoperatively and three months postoperatively., Results: Eight patients underwent "push-up" technique, and four patients required "dorsal split extended push-up" technique due to extensive scarring and mucosal adhesions from previous surgeries. All patients demonstrated significant postoperative improvement in nasal function as indicated by a reduction in NOSE scores (p < 0.05). Aesthetic outcomes showed a naturally augmented and smooth dorsum with no palpable irregularities. Patient satisfaction was rated very high (9 or 10 out of 10) in 10 patients and high (7 or 8 out of 10) in 2 patients. Follow-up was 6 months., Conclusion: "Push-up" preservation technique and its extended variant provide a new surgical alternative for primary and secondary rhinoplasty with costal cartilage. These techniques offer improved and highly predictable aesthetic outcomes of the nasal dorsum with decreased morbidity, demonstrating significant potential for clinical practice and future research., Level of Evidence Iii: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Summary: A simple technique is described for obtaining rib plaster by scraping the whitish peripheral portion of residual segments of rib after the perichondrium is removed and appropriate multiple laminations are derived. This putty-like substance tends to conglomerate appropriately because of its high density and has unique properties. It is readily compacted into diced cartilage inserters, smoothly injected, and easy to mold. Rib plaster works well for camouflage of irregularities of the dorsum and tip as well as in mild augmentation. It adds no further cost, and is in adequate supply once a full-thickness rib segment has been harvested for secondary rhinoplasty., (Copyright © 2023 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)

The apparent lack of quadrangular cartilage in Black African noses is commonly observed both from a radiological and clinical point of view. To the best of our knowledge, only a few research papers have been conducted on the facial proportions and structural anatomy of black people of Southern and Eastern Africa. The aim of this retrospective comparative study is a radiological assessment of the total amount of septal quadrangular cartilage by measuring its area in sagittal CT views, in two selected Black South African and Caucasian (CA) samples and the comparison with the literature in our hands. Statistical analysis was conducted, categorical variables are shown as frequencies and percentages, while continuous variables as means and standard deviations. Normal distribution of variables was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test or by means of skewness and kurtosis values. Differences among unpaired groups were evaluated using the independent Student's t -test for normally distributed data (complemented by the Cohen's d to show the effect size with the following cutoff: d  = 0.2, "small" effect size; d  = 0.5, "medium" effect size; d  = 0.8, "large" effect size) and Mann-Whitney U test in case of non-normal distribution. Statistical significance was defined as p  < 0.05 setting the α-error probability at 5%. This study shows that, on average, there is 30% more cartilage available in CA compared with Black African noses and confirms the apparent lack of quadrangular cartilage and in Black African noses which is commonly observed in surgery. The need for an adequate amount of autologous septal cartilage makes cartilage availability a major concern before surgery and being able to preoperative accurately measure the amount of septal cartilage that is available to be harvested for other grafts in the surgery is essential., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Large language models, such as ChatGPT, hold tremendous promise to bridge gaps in patient education and enhance the decision-making resources available online for patients seeking nasal surgery. Objective: To compare the performance of ChatGPT in answering preoperative and postoperative patient questions related to septorhinoplasty. Methods: Two sets of responses were collected for the questions: one from an expert rhinoplasty surgeon with over two decades of experience, and the other from ChatGPT-3.5. Seven expert rhinoplasty surgeons, blinded to the source of responses, independently assessed the responses using a 5-point Likert scale in four performance areas: empathy, accuracy, completeness, and overall quality. Results: ChatGPT outperformed physician responses in three of the four performance areas, earning significantly higher ratings in accuracy, completeness, and overall quality ( p  < 0.001). In addition, ChatGPT was overwhelmingly preferred over physician responses ( p  < 0.001), with evaluators favoring ChatGPT in 80.95% of instances. Conclusions: ChatGPT has demonstrated its remarkable ability to deliver accurate, complete, and high-quality responses to preoperative and postoperative patient questions. Although certain improvements are warranted, this artificial intelligence tool has shown its potential to effectively counsel and educate prospective septorhinoplasty patients at a level comparable with or exceeding that of an expert surgeon.

Fish freshness consists of complex endogenous and exogenous processes; therefore, the use of a few parameters to unravel illicit practices could be insufficient. Moreover, the development of strategies for the identification of such practices based on additives known to prevent and/or delay fish spoilage is still limited. The paper deals with the identification of the effect played by a Cafodos solution on the conservation state of sea bass at both short-term (3 h) and long-term (24 h). Controls and treated samples were characterized by a multi-omic approach involving proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics. Different parts of the fish samples were studied (muscle, skin, eye, and gills) and sampled through a non-invasive procedure based on EVA strips functionalized by ionic exchange resins. Data fusion methods were then applied to build models able to discriminate between controls and treated samples and identify the possible markers of the applied treatment. The approach was effective in the identification of the effect played by Cafodos that proved to be different in the short- and long-term and complex, involving proteins, lipids, and small molecules to a different extent.

Objective: Septoplasty is the most frequently performed ENT surgery to correct nasal septal deviation (NSD). The present study aimed to quantify the effectiveness of septoplasty with or without turbinate surgery according to NOSE questionnaire scores, with the hypothesis that it is able to clinically improve patient-reported nasal obstructive symptoms in the post-operative follow-up., Methods: An electronic search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was the change in NOSE score at 6 months after surgery. It was assessed with the mean difference (MD) between baseline and postoperative results., Results: A total of 2577 patients (males: 65.1%, 95% CI: 59.9-70.2) with a mean age of 33.3 years (n = 1456, 95% CI: 30.4-36.2) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled baseline NOSE mean score was 68.1 (n = 2577, 95% CI: 64.3-71.9). The pooled MD in NOSE score at 6-months follow-up compared to baseline was -48.8 (n = 1730, 95% CI: -54.6 to -42.9)., Conclusions: Functional septoplasty with or without turbinate surgery shows a critical improvement of obstructive symptoms and quality of life according to the validated NOSE score., Level of Evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 133:3237-3246, 2023., (© 2023 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.)

Splitting the middle vault on an anatomical plane along the "Septal T" allows a new hybrid perspective on the many modifications of "surface" preservation techniques. The "dorsal split preservation" concept can be applied both to cartilaginous pushdown as well as to full letdown techniques. The dorsal keystone area is maintained, while the middle vault is reshaped. The septum is addressed by conventional L strut septoplasty. Precise direct suture fixation of the high-middle strip is easily accomplished after flexing the osseous-chondral junction at the K area. Specific technical points are described to allow exact and stable configuration of the dorsum.A retrospective analysis on 100 consecutive patients demonstrated aesthetic and functional improvement., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

According to the driver-passenger model for colorectal cancer (CRC), the tumor-associated microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem of bacterial species where bacteria with carcinogenic features linked to CRC initiation are defined as "drivers", while opportunistic bacteria colonizing more advanced tumor stages are known as "passengers". We reasoned that also gut microbiota-associated metabolites may be differentially enriched according to tumor stage, and be potential determinants of CRC development. Thus, we characterized the mucosa- and lumen-associated microbiota (MAM and LAM, respectively) and mucosa-associated metabolites in low- vs. high-grade dysplastic colon polyps from 78 patients. We show that MAM, obtained with a new biopsy-preserving approach, and LAM differ in composition and α/β-diversity. By stratifying patients for polyp histology, we found that bacteria proposed as passengers by previous studies colonized high-grade dysplastic adenomas, whereas driver taxa were enriched in low-grade polyps. Furthermore, we report altered "mucosa-associated metabolite" levels in low- vs. high-grade groups. Integrated microbiota-metabolome analysis suggests the involvement of the gut microbiota in the production and consumption of these metabolites. Altogether, our findings support the involvement of bacterial species and associated metabolites in CRC mucosal homeostasis in a tumor-stage-specific manner. These distinct signatures may be used to distinguish low-grade from high-grade dysplastic polyps.

Irinotecan, a widely prescribed anticancer drug, is an emerging contaminant of concern that has been detected in various aquatic environments due to ineffective removal by traditional wastewater treatment systems. Solar photodegradation is a viable approach that can effectively eradicate the drug from aqueous systems. In this study, we used the design of experiment (DOE) approach to explore the robustness of irinotecan photodegradation under simulated solar irradiation. A full factorial design, including a star design, was applied to study the effects of three parameters: initial concentration of irinotecan (1.0-9.0 mg/L), pH (5.0-9.0), and irradiance (450-750 W/m 2 ). A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) system was used to determine irinotecan and identify transformation products. The photodegradation of irinotecan followed a pseudo-first order kinetics. In the best-fitted linear model determined by the stepwise model fitting approach, pH was found to have about 100-fold greater effect than either irinotecan concentration or solar irradiance. Under optimal conditions (irradiance of 750 W/m 2 , 1.0 mg/L irinotecan concentration, and pH 9.0), more than 98% of irinotecan was degraded in 60 min. With respect to irradiance and irinotecan concentration, the degradation process was robust in the studied range, implying that it may be effectively applied in locations and/or seasons with solar irradiance as low as 450 W/m 2 . However, pH needs to be strictly controlled and kept between 7.0 and 9.0 to maintain the degradation process robust. Considerations about the behavior of degradation products were also drawn., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Photochemistry Association, European Society for Photobiology.)

In the field of food control for fresh products, the identification of foods subjected to illicit conservation treatments to extend their shelf life is fundamental. Fresh fish products are particularly subjected to this type of fraud due to their high commercial value and the fact that they often have to be transported over a long distance, keeping their organoleptic characteristics unaltered. Treatments of this type involve, e.g., the bleaching of the meat and/or the momentary abatement of the microbial load, while the degradation process continues. It is therefore important to find rapid methods that allow the identification of illicit treatments. The study presented here was performed on 24 sea bass samples divided into four groups: 12 controls (stored on ice in the fridge for 3 or 24 h), and 12 treated with a Cafodos-like solution for 3 or 24 h. Muscle and skin samples were then characterized using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The data were pre-processed by smoothing and taking the first derivative and then PLS-DA models were built to identify short- and long- term effects on the fish's muscle and skin. All the models provided the perfect classification of the samples both in fitting and cross-validation and an analysis of the bands responsible for the effects was also reported. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time Raman spectroscopy has been applied for the identification of a Cafodos-like illicit treatment, focusing on both fish muscle and skin evaluation. The procedure could pave the way for a future application directly on the market through the use of a portable device.

Rhinoplasty is uniquely suited to capitalize on different aspects of three-dimensional (3D) modeling technology. Currently, 3D surface imaging of preoperative and postoperative nasal structure provides a platform for better surgical planning and patient counselling as well as objective postoperative measurements. Physical nasal models using 3D printing technology can improve rhinoplasty performance intraoperatively, postoperative outcomes, together with nasal prosthetic manufacture, by tailoring to specific patient anatomy. Advances in tissue engineering using 3D-printed biocompatible scaffolds have shown excellent nasal cartilage mimicry and hold promise for increasingly versatile directed tissue regeneration in rhinoplasty and nasal reconstructive surgery. As health care innovations are expected to become increasingly common in standard rhinoplasty practices in the future, we give an account of how 3D technologies can create new opportunities to optimize surgical planning and improve overall the patient experience., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Proper control of postoperative edema in rhinoplasty matters significantly, both regarding patient satisfaction and preventing loss of definition and aesthetic surface contour in the dorsum and tip. The "3 points compartmentalization" technique described in this paper aims to fulfill the above goals by (1) dissection in a subperichondrial-subperiosteal plane and (2) reducing the dead space by three strategically placed key sutures that compartmentalize the nose and redrape the single-plane dissection in an anatomically correct position.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Corticosteroids such as Dexamethasone (DEX) are commonly licensed for therapy in meat animals due to their known pharmacological properties. However, their misuse aimed to achieve anabolic effects is often found by National Residues Control Plans. The setup of a complementary "biomarker based" methods to unveil such illicit practices is encouraged by current European legislation. In this study, the combined use of molecular and histological quantitative techniques was applied on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) muscle samples to assess the effects of illicit DEX treatment on veal calves. A PCR array, including 28 transcriptional biomarkers related to DEX exposure, was combined with a histochemical analysis of muscle fiber. An analysis based on unsupervised (PCA) and supervised (PLS-DA and Kohonen's SOM) methods, was applied in order to define multivariate models able to classify animals suspected of illicit treatment by DEX. According to the conventional univariate approach, a not-significant reduction in type I fibres was recorded in the DEX-treated group, and only 12 out of 28 targeted genes maintained their expected differential expression, confirming the technical limitations of a quantitative analysis on FFPE samples. However, the multivariate models developed highlighted the possibility to establish complementary screening strategies, particularly when based on transcriptional biomarkers characterised by low expression profiles.

The production chain of hazelnuts has been studied by analyzing three sets of samples produced in purity from three different pools of hazelnuts of cultivar "Tonda Gentile Trilobata", "Tonda Gentile Romana" and "Mortarella", all cultivated in Italy. From each pool, five processed products were obtained: roasted hazelnuts, hazelnut paste, hazelnut cream, Gianduja paste and Gianduiotto paste. After pre-treatment by means of dry ashing, all samples from each cultivar, including raw hazelnuts, were then analyzed by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). A good discrimination was obtained among the different chain stages according to the distribution of the trace elements, as expected. More interesting was the discrimination among the different cultivars: it was possible to distinguish the samples produced from the respective cultivar by means of specific chemical markers, particularly Mo and Ni.

Background: Dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty addresses the aesthetic and functional impairments caused by a deficient nasal dorsum. Augmentation rhinoplasty can be performed using a variety of different surgical techniques and grafting materials that all have distinct advantages and disadvantages., Methods: Grafting materials have unique characteristics, uses, and safety profiles. A detailed overview of various grafting materials and their uses, risks, and benefits is provided., Results: Autologous grafting materials include septal cartilage, auricular cartilage, and costal cartilage. These donor sites can provide various amounts of en bloc or diced cartilage. Alternatively, bone may be used when strong structural stability is required, and soft tissue may be used to fill mild to moderate defects. Homologous grafts (e.g., irradiated and nonirradiated rib) and acellular dermal matrices are alternatives to autologous graft with many similar advantages and no need for an additional surgical site. Lastly, alloplastic implants may be successfully used for dorsal augmentation if both patient and surgeon understand their associated risks., Conclusion: To perform successful dorsal augmentation, surgeons should be familiar with the wide variety of operative approaches and augmentation materials that are currently available and understand their risks, benefits, and uses., (Copyright © 2022 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)

Background: Dorsal preservation rhinoplasty (DPR) has recently received significant academic attention in part due to theoretical benefits over excisional surgical methods. The purpose of this study was to assess the global practice patterns regarding this technique. Materials and Methods: An 11-item questionnaire was electronically distributed to regional academies/societies representing rhinoplasty surgeons worldwide. Respondent exposure to and use of DPR were assessed based on geographic location. Results: Eight hundred thirty-six responses were received. Despite early publications on DPR originating largely from Western Europe and the United States, Turkey and Mexico have the greatest use of DPR techniques currently. The familiarity across many regions with preservation techniques appear to be secondary to courses and conferences rather than incorporation into training. Mexico demonstrates the greatest exposure to DPR during training. One hundred twenty-five respondents had previously used but abandoned dorsal preservation techniques. Poor results, less predictability, and complications (largely hump recurrence) are cited as common reasons for this. Conclusion: There is variability in the global practice of DPR across regions and this will likely continue to evolve.

Background: The impact of the absence of gravity on cancer cells is of great interest, especially today that space is more accessible than ever. Despite advances, few and contradictory data are available mainly due to different setup, experimental design and time point analyzed., Methods: Exploiting a Random Positioning Machine, we dissected the effects of long-term exposure to simulated microgravity (SMG) on pancreatic cancer cells performing proteomic, lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis at 1, 7 and 9 days., Results: Our results indicated that SMG affects cellular morphology through a time-dependent activation of Actin-based motility via Rho and Cdc42 pathways leading to actin rearrangement, formation of 3D spheroids and enhancement of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that SMG may activates ERK5/NF-κB/IL-8 axis that triggers the expansion of cancer stem cells with an increased migratory capability. These cells, to remediate energy stress and apoptosis activation, undergo a metabolic reprogramming orchestrated by HIF-1α and PI3K/Akt pathways that upregulate glycolysis and impair β-oxidation, suggesting a de novo synthesis of triglycerides for the membrane lipid bilayer formation., Conclusions: SMG revolutionizes tumor cell behavior and metabolism leading to the acquisition of an aggressive and metastatic stem cell-like phenotype. These results dissect the time-dependent cellular alterations induced by SMG and pave the base for altered gravity conditions as new anti-cancer technology., (© 2022. The Author(s).)