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This contribution aims to define an analysis procedure for abnormal deposits in human tissues starting from in vivo characterization, down to the nanoscale using major instrumentation. Such an integrated approach is based on recent literature, but particularly on our research over the last twenty years on pathological calcifications. To this end, we begin by describing four successive analytical steps, on the injury site or physician’s surgery, at the hospital, at a typical physicochemical laboratory, and finally at a large scale (possibly multinational) facility. For the first step, we present various techniques which can be implemented on portable instruments. For the second step, commercial analytical setups are used. In a physicochemical laboratory, prototype or commercial setups are used and finally on large scale instruments, characterization techniques with better spatial resolution and/or higher sensitivity or techniques specific to synchrotron radiation are employed.

BackgroundThere are no approved pharmacotherapies for methamphetamine use disorder. Two preliminary phase 2 randomised controlled trials have found mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant, to be effective in reducing methamphetamine use. The proposed Tina Trial is the first phase 3 placebo-controlled randomised trial to examine the effectiveness and safety of mirtazapine as an outpatient pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder.MethodsThis is a multi-site phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial. Participants are randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either mirtazapine (30 mg/day for 12 weeks) or matched placebo, delivered as a take-home medication. The target population is 340 people aged 18-65 years who have moderate to severe methamphetamine use disorder. The trial is being conducted through outpatient alcohol and other drug treatment clinics in Australia. The primary outcome is measured as self-reported days of methamphetamine use in the past 4 weeks at week 12. Secondary outcomes are methamphetamine-negative oral fluid samples, depressive symptoms, sleep quality, HIV risk behaviour and quality of life. Other outcomes include safety (adverse events), tolerability, and health service use. Medication adherence is being monitored using MEMS® Smart Caps fitted to medication bottles.DiscussionThis trial will provide information on the safety and effectiveness of mirtazapine as a pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder when delivered as an outpatient medication in routine clinical practice. If found to be safe and effective, this trial will support an application for methamphetamine use disorder to be included as a therapeutic indication for the prescription of mirtazapine.Trial registrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000235707. Registered on February 9, 2022.

On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern for the global mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreak (1). By late March [...]

The work of school principals is complex; however, little research has examined how they navigate this complexity outside of traditional settings and times. This specific line of inquiry is important, because principals' time allocation is related to various desirable student outcomes, and how many hours principals work (and when) is associated with job satisfaction. To address this gap in the literature, we asked: (1) How much time do principals spend on work-related activities outside of traditional school hours and how is that time used? and (2) In what ways do nontraditional work-hour activities influence principals' job satisfaction? An analysis of our interview data revealed: (1) principals spend a significant amount of time outside of traditional school hours completing school-related administrative work, being visible at school and community events, and being virtually visible via email and various social media platforms; and (2) time spent during nontraditional work hours influences principals' job satisfaction. We discuss implications for policy, practice, and leadership preparation.

The purpose of this study was to report how principals describe their role as marketers for their school and examine how these perceptions influence the ways in which principals engage in their daily work. To investigate this phenomenon I conducted 30 interviews with 10 traditional public school principals in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Specifically, I asked: How, if at all, do principals report acting as marketers for their school? and (2) How do marketing-related activities influence principals' traditionally thought of work? The findings of this work indicate principals believe one of their most pressing responsibilities as school leader is to market their school to parents/guardians and the local community. As a result of this belief, principals spend a significant amount of time engaging in marketing-related tasks such as promoting their school and building a brand that is recognizable to the community.

Physical activity can meaningfully influence educational outcomes. However, physical activity among youth remains insufficient (World Health Organization, 2018).Youth who are not physically active are more likely to encounter chronic health issues including obesity, depression, and anxiety (Bartelink et al., 2019, Bélair et al., 2018, Krebs, 2003). School-sponsored physical education (PE) is one way for students to participate in physical activity. Nevertheless, many school administrators respond to pressures to increase student standardized test scores by replacing access to PE with more time in tested subjects (Center on Education Policy, 2007, 2008). This study explores national associations of PE policies and academic achievement on standardized tests through a fixed effects panel data analysis. Findings enhance the limited literature on PE policy associations with academic achievement.

Introduction The authors present an interesting and detailed examination of the failure mechanism of the Mount Polley Tailings Storage Facility (TSF). Indeed, such rigorous modelling seems likely to contribute to [...]

We thank the discussers for their interest in the work and their comments. First, the authors in general agree with the discussers in their view that further work is necessary, [...]

In recent years, schools across the United States (U.S.) have allocated large amounts of state and federal level money towards instructional coaching with the hope that instructional coaching will lead to teacher improvement and ultimately increased student learning. This qualitative case study examined how the principal at one New Jersey public high school supported and enabled the work of the school's instructional coaches. An analysis of interview, observation, and document data reveal the principal enabled instructional coaches in three ways. First, the principal at this school enabled the instructional coaches by clearly defining the roles, purposes, and responsibilities of everyone involved in the instructional coaching program. Second, the principal enabled the school's instructional coaches by providing teachers and coaches adequate time to meet, typically, although not exclusively, during school hours. Finally, the principal enabled the instructional coaches by working with the coaches to develop trust between the administration, coaches, and the teachers with whom the coaches worked. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of newly-hired faculty members in the induction programs provided by four independent schools in the greater Washington, D.C. area and examine how each induction program influenced faculty job satisfaction. Data came from six administrators and 17 faculty members and were collected during the 2017-2018 academic year. Through the use of document review and semi-structured interviews, similarities across schools and individual participants emerged. The findings showed that a positive school culture and opportunities to build relationships with colleagues influenced the faculty members' overall professional satisfaction.

Jonathan Sawday argues (Commentary, September 20) that John Milton's Sonnet VIII, 'When the assault was intended to the City', is addressed to Parliamentarian trained-band captains rather than (as is usually [...]

Understanding Consequential Assessment Systems for Teachers (UCAST) studied a large urban school district in the United States as it adopted a new teacher evaluation system. This project studied 1,000 principals as they were trained to use this new system, and followed them into their first three years of implementation. This article features a multiple-case case study of three of these school principals. Findings indicate principals exercise professional judgment by donning evaluation policy as a "mantle of agency" for working toward a host of aims sometimes aligned with and sometimes antithetical to stated policy. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to better understand how school principals in the United States (U.S.) describe and manage their stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data come from 31 interviews with 16 public school principals in the U.S. state of New Jersey. An analysis of the data shows principals have experienced increased levels of stress and anxiety since the pandemic began. The principals describe managing this increased stress and anxiety in two prominent ways: (1) suppressing much of this stress and anxiety in an effort to put on a brave face for students, teachers, parents, and the community; and (2) relying on activities and individuals outside of their school (family members/other principals in the district) as outlets to help manage their stress and anxiety. The findings of this work have several practical implications, including the need for formalised stress and anxiety supports for school principals, particularly during times of crises.

The most widely used in situ testing instrument for tailings storage facility (TSF) is the cone penetration test (CPT), which uses calibration chamber (CC) test data as the preferred method to correlate the soil's state with the CPT acquired data. Many, if not most, mine tailings are different from the soils historically used in CC studies (mainly sands). Moreover, these tests were conducted at denser states than typically found in TSFs. Additionally, CC tests cannot practically be performed for every new soil-specific project. For these reasons, practitioners usually perform numerical simulations to approximate these correlations. One of the most popular techniques for this is the spherical cavity expansion approach. This study compares novel small CC testing of two different silty mine tailings, and their respective spherical cavity expansion simulations. Since these simulations use the NorSand constitutive model, this study also presents the calibration process that includes the triaxial laboratory testing to calibrate the NorSand properties, and the corresponding iterative process to infer the additional plastic and elastic parameters of the model. Finally, an adjustment equation is introduced for the contractive state of these silty materials. Key words: CPT, silt, critical state, laboratory tests, numerical simulations L'instrument d'essai in situ le plus largement utilise pour les installations de stockage de residus (TSF) est l'essai de penetration au cone (CPT), qui utilise les donnees de l'essai en chambre d'etalonnage (CC) comme methode privilegiee pour correler l'etat du sol avec les donnees acquises par le CPT. Beaucoup, sinon la plupart, des residus miniers sont differents des sols historiquement utilises dans les etudes de CC (principalement des sables). De plus, ces essais ont ete realises dans des etats plus denses que ceux que l'on trouve generalement dans les TSF. De plus, les tests CC ne peuvent pratiquement pas etre realises pour chaque nouveau projet specifique au sol. Pour ces raisons, les praticiens effectuent generalement des simulations numeriques pour approximer ces correlations. L'une des techniques les plus populaires a cet egard est l'approche de l'expansion de la cavite spherique. Cette etude compare les nouveaux essais de petits CC de deux residus miniers limoneux differents, et leurs simulations respectives d'expansion de cavites spheriques. Comme ces simulations utilisent le modele constitutif NorSand, cette etude presente egalement le processus de calibrage qui comprend les essais triaxiaux en laboratoire pour calibrer les proprietes de NorSand, et le processus iteratif correspondant pour deduire les parametres plastiques et elastiques supplementaires du modele. Enfin, une equation d'ajustement est introduite pour l'etat de contraction de ces materiaux limoneux. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : CPT, limon, etat critique, tests de laboratoire, simulations numeriques, Introduction In the course of the last decade, the failure susceptibility of tailings storage facilities (TSFs) has generated concern around the world (Morgenstern et al. 2015, 2016; Jefferies et al. [...]

Past studies suggested various methods to determine the onset of instability of soil under constant shear drained (CSD) stress path using triaxial equipment. These methods were based on the characteristic features observed on the CSD stress path, axial and volumetric strains. However, the characteristic features are not similar for every soil leading to inconsistencies in predicting the onset of instability under the CSD stress path. This paper presents a strain ratio ([[epsilon].sub.v]/[[epsilon].sub.a]) - mean effective stress (p') based method for determining the onset of instability of sand in the CSD stress path. The proposed method identifies the onset of instability at the drop of the [[epsilon].sub.v]/ [[epsilon].sub.a]-p' curve and features a distinctive value to mark the onset of instability. A series of CSD tests have been carried out on sand samples to verify the applicability of the proposed method. The proposed method captured the onset of instability similar to the other methods available in the literature. Key words: sand, constant shear drained, instability, triaxial test. Des etudes anterieures ont propose diverses methodes pour determiner le debut de l'instabilite d'un sol soumis a une contrainte de cisaillement constant draine (CSD) en utilisant un equipement triaxial. Ces methodes etaient basees sur les caracteristiques observees sur la trajectoire des contraintes CSD, les deformations axiales et volumetriques. Cependant, les caracteristiques ne sont pas les memes pour tous les sols, ce qui entraine des incoherences dans la prediction du debut de l'instabilite sous la contrainte CSD. Cet article presente une methode basee sur le rapport de deformation ([[epsilon].sub.v]/[[epsilon].sub.a]) - la contrainte effective moyenne (p') pour determiner le debut de l'instabilite du sable dans le chemin de contrainte CSD. La methode proposee identifie le debut de l'instabilite a la chute de la courbe [[epsilon].sub.v]/ [[epsilon].sub.a]-p' et presente une valeur distinctive pour marquer le debut de l'instabilite. Une serie de tests CSD a ete realisee sur des echantillons de sable pour verifier l'applicabilite de la methode proposee. La methode proposee a capture le debut de l'instabilite de maniere similaire aux autres methodes disponibles dans la litterature. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : sable, cisaillement constant draine, instabilite, essai triaxial., Introduction The failures of many natural slopes and embankments including tailing dams founded on granular soils are due to the instability caused by the infiltration of water or rise in [...]

A series of direct simple shear (DSS) tests were carried out on a non-plastic sandy silt lead-zinc-silver tailings to develop a relationship between undrained shearing behaviour and density for contractive states. The critical state line was also obtained through triaxial compression tests to enable the DSS tests to be viewed in a critical state framework and allow comparison with in situ testing. It was found that the gravimetric water content (GWC) used to tamp the specimens had a significant effect on the resulting undrained strengths when attempting to achieve dense states--with higher GWC giving lower strength at a given density than a lower GWC. Intact and slurry deposited (SD) samples were also tested to access denser states without inducing tamping-related stresses. These showed a more consistent trend with the loose-tamped specimens, and with other data from the literature. Plausible explanations as to the causes of the increased strength of dense-tamped samples were obtained through estimating potential preconsolidation stresses and 'locked in' horizontal stresses that may occur from dense tamping. The importance of these observations on the development of density-strength profiles in engineering practice was outlined. Key words: laboratory testing, sample preparation, shear strength, mine tailings. Une serie d'essais de cisaillement simple direct (DSS) a ete realisee sur des residus de plomb-zinc-argent limoneux non plastiques afin de developper une relation entre le comportement de cisaillement non draine et la densite pour les etats de contraction. La ligne d'etat critique a egalement ete obtenue par des essais de compression triaxiale afin de permettre aux essais DSS d'etre consideres dans un cadre d'etat critique et de permettre une comparaison avec les essais in situ. Il a ete constate que la teneur en eau gravimetrique (TEG) utilisee pour tasser les specimens avait un effet significatif sur les resistances non drainees resultantes lorsqu'on tente d'obtenir des etats denses--une TEG plus elevee donnant une resistance plus faible a une densite donnee qu'une TEG plus faible. Des echantillons intacts et deposes en boue (SD) ont egalement ete testes pour atteindre des etats plus denses sans induire de contraintes liees au compactage. Ces echantillons ont montre une tendance plus coherente avec les specimens non tasses et avec d'autres donnees de la litterature. Des explications plausibles quant aux causes de l'augmentation de la resistance des echantillons compactes ont ete obtenues en estimant les contraintes potentielles de preconsolidation et les contraintes horizontales << verrouillees >> qui peuvent se produire lors d'un compactage dense. L'importance de ces observations sur le developpement des profils densite-resistance dans la pratique de l'ingenierie a ete soulignee. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : essais en laboratoire, preparation des echantillons, resistance au cisaillement, residus miniers., Introduction The direct assessment of tailings properties from in situ test data such as the cone penetration test (CPT) presents a number of challenges in current engineering practice. For example, [...]

School principals are fundamentally important to school improvement. Due in part to this importance, the roles and responsibilities of school principals are constantly evolving. To explore leader sensemaking about this phenomenon I conducted 30 interviews with 10 public school principals in the US state of New Jersey during the 2018-2019 school year. Specifically, in this study I asked: (a) What are current public school principals' predictions of the future role of school principals? and (b) In what way(s) do these predictions shape principals' thinking about remaining in the profession? The findings of this work indicate: (a) principals believe the future of the school principal will focus heavily on safety and security; (b) principals believe the future of the role will include an increased emphasis on supporting student and teacher emotion and mental health; and (c) principals believe their future role as a school leader will evolve in how they interact with parents/guardians. Finally, an analysis of data shows in some cases how principals make sense of the future of the profession shapes their thinking about remaining in or exiting the role of school principal. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.