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Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common male sexual problem. Various non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options are available currently. The importance of yoga in the management of various sexual dysfunctions is increasingly recognized. In this review, we are analyzing the role of yoga in the management of PE. This paper explores the mechanism of yoga practices in the management of PE and the recommended yoga practice for PE. It also discusses the scientific evidence of yoga practices, such as yoga postures (yogasana), breathing practices (pranayama), lock (bandha), gestures (mudra), relaxation, Aum chanting, yoga nidra and meditation with particular reference the management of PE.

The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to a lack of recognition of the condition and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. In fact, the prevalence of post-COVID symptoms ranges from 50% during the first months after the infection up to 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed to map the existing literature on post-COVID symptoms and to identify gaps in the literature to guide the global effort toward an improved understanding of long-COVID and suggest future research directions. There is a plethora of symptomatology that can be due to COVID-19; however, today, there is no clear classification and definition of this condition, termed long-COVID or post-COVID-19 condition. The heterogeneity in the symptomatology has led to the presence of groups/clusters of patients, which could exhibit different risk factors and different mechanisms. Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation of latent infections, endothelial dysfunction and alteration in gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining the complexity of long-COVID. In such an equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, SARS-CoV-2 variants), host biology (e.g., genetics, epigenetics) and external factors (e.g., vaccination) should be also considered. These various factors will be discussed in the current perspective review and future directions suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical inertia is very common in day-to-day practice, and the factors contributing to that can be physician-related, patient-related, or health-care-related. Clinical inertia is commonly described in chronic asymptomatic illness. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for original articles and reviews. Based on the search result, in this review article, we redefine various terminologies to avoid confusion and propose classification criteria for the early identification of clinical inertia. Clinical inertia is also present in acute illness and in symptomatic disease. Early identification of clinical inertia is difficult because of very vague terminologies which have been used interchangeably as well as because of the lack of definitive classification criteria. In this article, we redefine clinical inertia and propose criteria for early identification, which will be useful for both clinicians and academicians. This review will help clinicians to identify and rectify various aspects of clinical inertia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with complications affecting the quality of life. Interestingly, the gut microbiota is closely related to glucose metabolism. This narrative review introduces the characteristics of the gut microbiota in DM, describes the modulation of host glycemic control by the gut microbiota, characteristics of intestinal permeability, mechanisms of diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI), and the role of brain–gut–microbiota axis in DM. Materials and methods: The literature search was performed in Medline, Scopus, WOS, and PubMed databases using the keywords gut microbiota, DM, intestinal permeability, and DCI. Results: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota causes intestinal barrier disruption resulting in the entry of intestinal bacteria and their metabolites into the circulatory system, which may disturb insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and immune homeostasis. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating systemic insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. Intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia is considered to be the underlying mechanism of systemic infection and inflammatory response in patients with diabetes. Both dysbacteriosis and cytokines will lead to the intestinal barrier and blood–brain barrier dysfunction, facilitating harmful substances (advanced glycated end products) to access neurons, and thus contribute to the development of DCI. The modulation of intestinal permeability through nutritional interventions may represent a potential prevention target for DM. Conclusions: The clinical evidence for the association between hyperglycemia and intestinal barrier dysfunction in humans is scarce. Further clinical studies are needed to provide more insight by studying the intestinal barrier integrity markers and glycemic status and their association with cognitive status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several professional medical learned societies and organisations have recommended guidelines for management of various chronic diseases geared to achieve optimal control over the diseases and improve the quality of care. However, the data from around the world suggest that a majority of patients are not achieving those treatment targets. This has been well documented in diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and rheumatoid arthritis, and clinical inertia is thought to be a major factor responsible. In this article, we have discussed clinical inertia in rheumatology practice, which has relevance to several other chronic non-communicable diseases as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature ejaculation (PE; early ejaculation or rapid ejaculation) is a common sexual problem affecting about 20-30% of men in the sexually active age group. PE can be of four types: Primary, secondary, natural variable, and subjective PE. Various non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options are available to treat PE including Dapoxetine, which is specifically developed for the treatment of PE. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and management aspects of PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yoga originated in India more than 5,000 years ago and is a means of balancing and harmonizing the body, mind, and emotions. Yoga practice is useful in the management of various lifestyle diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Psycho-neuro-endocrine and immune mechanisms are involved in the beneficial effects of yoga on diabetes. Incorporation of yoga practice in daily life helps to attain glycaemic control and reduces the risk of complications in people with diabetes. In this review, we briefly describe the role of various yoga practices in the management of diabetes based on evidence from various clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a topic that has been widely discussed recently, and it gives new hope for people with T2DM. Achievement of normal blood glucose levels or levels below the diagnostic threshold for T2DM without pharmacotherapy among people with T2DM after metabolic surgery and carbohydrate or calorie-restricted diet paved the way for more enthusiastic research in this area. There is a lot of confusion regarding the appropriate terminology and definition of remission of T2DM. In this short review, we briefly analyzed the emerging concepts and proposed criteria for diagnosing remission of T2DM, which will be helpful for healthcare providers and people with T2DM., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The author declares no conflicts of interest., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pandemics result in a huge burden of cases, which paralyze the healthcare system. Proper planning and awareness of case definition at different stages of the pandemic are important for the effective utilization of resources. In this short article, we are describing the stages of a pandemic, how it ends, and the case definition at each stage of the pandemic with special reference to the recent COVID-19 pandemic., (© Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2024.)

Systemic hypertension is an established risk factor for coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular accident and control of blood pressure reduces the risk of a major cardiovascular event. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options are available to treat hypertension. Yoga, recently received more attention as a treatment modality for various lifestyle disorders, even though practiced in India since ancient times. In this review, we are analyzing the role of yoga in the treatment of systemic hypertension., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by a progressive beta cell dysfunction in the setting of peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in subjects with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome is primarily caused by an ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscle. Insulin sensitizers are particularly important in the management of T2DM. Though thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are principally insulin sensitizers, they possess an ability to preserve pancreatic β-cell function and thereby exhibit durable glycemic control. Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have shown that Glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have proven cardiovascular safety. In this era of CVOTs, drugs with proven cardiovascular (CV) safety are often preferred in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease or at risk of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will describe the three available drugs belonging to the TZD family, with special emphasis on their efficacy and CV safety., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

There is a universal agreement that when lifestyle modifications are inadequate to control the hyperglycemia, metformin should be considered the first line of pharmacological therapy. However, when metformin monotherapy fails, there is no consensus as to which drug should be added. Many new classes of drugs that are currently available including DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors have undergone cardiovascular outcome trials which had been made mandatory by the regulatory authority and thereby established their cardiovascular safety or at least neutrality. Though sulfonylureas are one of the widely prescribed drugs both in developed and developing countries and have proven their efficacy for glycemic control and prevention of microvascular complications, there is considerable uncertainty about its cardiovascular safety which has been going on for nearly five decades. In this review, we will critically analyze the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of sulphonylureas, based on the latest available literature to clarify their role in our day-to-day clinical practice., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Sepsis is a major cause of death in hospitalised patients accounting for mortality rates as high as 60% and, hence, is called 'a hidden public health disaster'. Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis is not a disease but is a clinical syndrome, where the initial features are nonspecific resulting in delayed diagnosis. Lack of specific laboratory tests to diagnose the syndrome adds to the diagnostic confusion. Failure to identify sepsis in the early stages itself delays effective treatment resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Various biomarkers and newer laboratory tests help to address these issues. However, to date there is no ideal test to diagnose sepsis. The most commonly used markers are C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). There are around 180 biomarkers reported to be useful in sepsis. In addition to CRP and PCT, various emerging laboratory markers, such as like serum amyloid A, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1, mannan and antimannan antibodies, and interferon γ inducible protein-10 etc., have been reviewed and their clinical usefulness discussed in this paper., Competing Interests: No conflict of interests declared