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The advent of new technologies in medical imaging and 3D printing in recent years has made customization of surgical tools and implants more accessible, revolutionizing many surgical fields. In many human diseases, these implants have led to superior surgical outcomes and greatly improved patients’ quality of life. Thus, it is of great interest to apply these technologies to the treatment of animal diseases. In this study, we report the use of computed tomography (CT) and 3D printing for the treatment of a Great Hornbill at Jurong Bird Park that was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the casque. A 3D printed prosthesis that perfectly fitted the subject was implanted to replace its resected casque. The subject exhibited natural eating behaviour with no post-operative complications. Using this case as an example, the positive outcomes suggest a great potential in applying these technologies to the treatment of other wildlife diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The welfare of ornamental fish kept in aquariums or ponds has historically been taken for granted by fish keepers, the ornamental fish industry and animal welfare organisations. This is attributed to the low cost of many ornamental fish, lack of reliable information about their health care, or a perceived lack of veterinarians with skills in aquatic animal health. Moreover, it is not uncommon for our veterinary colleagues to refer potential fish clients to fish stores or pet stores, as had been done in the past with less commonly seen species like birds and 'pocket pets'. Slowly, veterinary surgeons and veterinary organisations are increasingly becoming involved in aquatic veterinary medicine to help improve the welfare of pet fish. This article presents the current status of ornamental fish welfare, the issues and their causes, and provides further sources of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]