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In the present research work, AA7075 composite reinforced with silicon carbide particles has been fabricated using Friction stir processing (FSP). The silicon carbide particles having a size of 40 μ m were placed in grooves of length 160 mm, width 2 mm, depth 3.5 mm, that were generated on the AA7075 plate. The square pin tool is utilized for fabricating the composite at two different rotational speed i.e. 700 and 1000 rpm. Effect of processing, particle addition and tool rotational speed is analyzed on mechanical and wear properties of the material. On friction stir processing the microhardness value and elongation of the material increased. Reinforcement addition contributed to decrease in ductility and tensile strength while on the contrary microhardness and wear resistance of the material improved. Tool rotational speed showed a direct relation with the tested mechanical and wear properties. Adhesive wear was the prominent wear mechanism and Fe layer formation was observed on the worn surface, contributing to increased wear resistance. These fabricated composites can find vast application in industries like automotive, defence and aerospace.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly growing technology with promising results and challenges. The aim of this study is to optimize the process parameters of fused deposition modeling (FDM) by exploring the wear performance of Polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, variation of process parameters like layer thickness, orientation and extruder temperature has been investigated. Based on these parameters wear specimen (accordance to ASTM G99) was printed by using FDM. The wear behavior of polymer pin under low sliding speed was investigated. Taguchi Design of experiments by using L _9 orthogonal array is applied to optimize the process parameters at which minimum wear rate is obtained and the same has also been investigated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and artificial neural network (ANN) technique for rigorous validation / optimization. Results shows that build orientation have major influence on the wear performance of polymer pin. The paper is presented with the display of results, discussion, and conclusions drawn.

A straightforward, reliable, and highly accurate RP-UPLC technique has been created to establish the determination of Benidipine HCl and Telmisartan in tablet formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an HSS C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 µm ). The mobile phase consisted of a 60:40 (% v/v) mixture of 0.01N KH2 PO4 buffer and ACN (pH 3.0). The flow rate of the mobile phase was maintained at 0.3 ml/min, and the column was kept at a temperature of 30.0°C. Detection was conducted at a wavelength of 269 nm. The retention times of Benidipine HCl & Telmisartan were 0.933 minutes and 1.106 minutes, respectively. The method demonstrated high precision with %RSD values of 0.9 for Benidipine Hydrochloride and 0.3 for Telmisartan. Recovery rates were 99.69% for Benidipine Hydrochloride and 99.40% for Telmisartan. The LOD were 0.03 and 0.12, and the LOQ were 0.08 and 0.36 for Benidipine Hydrochloride and Telmisartan, respectively. The regression equations obtained were y = 15821x + 950.34 for Benidipine Hydrochloride and y = 12115x + 8622.8 for Telmisartan. The reduced retention times and overall run time make this method both simple and economical, rendering it is used for ongoing quality control checks in various pharmaceutical industry. A central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the response surface methodology and thoroughly analyze how various independent factors impact the response. The experimental setup included 10 runs along with 2 center points. Two factors were considered in the matrix design: flow rate (mL/min) and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the review of various research article the metformin, Teneligliptin and pioglitazone used for the diabetes mellitus and there hasn’t been any development an RP-HPLC method. Aim: For the simultaneous stability investigation of metformin, pioglitazone, teneligliptin in tablet dosage forms, a new (RP-HPLC) approach is presented in this work. We developed an easy, precise and accurate method for estimating metformin, teneligliptin, pioglitazone solid dose form simultaneously. A Kromasil C18 150x4.6mm, 5m was used to run the chromatogram. A 50:50 v/v. The column was purged with a mobile phase that included water and methanol at a rate one milliliter per minute and it was kept at 30ºC. The optimum wavelength for metformin, teneligliptin, and pioglitazone was 220.0nm. Metformin, teneligliptin and pioglitazone were shown to have retention times of 2.220min, 2.931 min and 3.409 min, respectively. It is found the mean RSD of the system precision for pioglitazone, metformin and teneligliptin is 0.7, 0.5, and 0.8, respectively. It was found that the RSD of the method precision for Pioglitazone, Teneligliptin, Metformin (.3, .2 and .3), respectively. Pioglitazone, teneligliptin and metformin recovery % was found to be 100.11%, 99.90% and 99.71%, respectively. The Metformin, Teneligliptin, and Pioglitazone regression equations obtained LOD and LOQ values (1.08, 0.05, 0.04, 3.28, 0.15 and 0.11µg/ml), respectively. Metformin Regression equation y = 4445.4x + 3095.4. that of teneligliptin y = 12258x + 936.75 and that of pioglitazone y = 77511x + 1414.9, respectively. In conclusion, when validated (RP-HPLC) model was validated in compliance with acceptance criteria. It was found to be appropriate for the quantitative analysis of metformin, teneligliptin and pioglitazone after Q2 (R1) validation of analytical techniques in pharmaceutical dosage form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: A validated RP-HPLC method was established for the quantification of Amlodipine and Metoprolol succinate according to ICH guidelines. Materials and Methods: This method utilized a Phenomenex (US) C18 column with dimensions of 250X4.6 mm I.D and a particle size of 5 µm. Employing an isocratic elution technique, the mobile phase comprised pH 3.0 phosphate buffer solution and acetonitrile. Detection occurred at a wavelength of 215 nm and a flow rate of 1 mL/min was chosen to ensure optimal resolution for Amlodipine and Metoprolol succinate. Results and Discussion: Retention times were noted at 3.137 min and 5.672 min for Amlodipine and Metoprolol succinate, respectively. High correlation coefficients were achieved (0.9995 for Amlodipine and 0.9996 for Metoprolol succinate). The method exhibited precision, with low relative standard deviations of 0.357% for Amlodipine and 0.077% for Metoprolol succinate. In summary, the RP-HPLC method developed was specific, linear, precise and robust. Conclusion: The devised method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, robustness and ruggedness. All formulations' sample recoveries were in good accordance with the claims made on their labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075 and AA2024 welded joints when friction stir welded with different reinforced materials (SiC and TiO2). The imperfection-free welds are portrayed by great mechanical blending between AA7075 and AA2024 and good, reinforced material dispensation in the stir zone. Grain refinement of weld with reinforced material is compared with weld without reinforced material. It is also observed that double-pass processed welds have coarser microstructure than a single pass. Scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the size and distribution of reinforced particles in the various zones of the weld. The maximum tensile strength of the joint produced with SiC reinforcement particles is 206 MPa, while the minimum tensile strength (177 MPa) was observed without reinforcement particles. A comparative study has been carried out between the friction stir welding of AA7075 and AA2024 with TiO2 and SiC reinforced material and with unreinforced material. The nanoparticles disperse within the weld zone, leading to a refined microstructure and preventing the formation of detrimental defects. This dispersion improves load-bearing capabilities, effectively increasing the tensile strength of the joint. The nanoparticles contribute to a more uniform distribution of stresses and help mitigate crack initiation and propagation. The average hardness value at the stir zone with SiC and TiO2 nanoparticles was observed as 172 HV and 164 HV, respectively, while the minimum hardness value of 147 HV was observed without nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a thermoplastic polymer matrix is a big challenge in the research community. In the present study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were dispersed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer by a twin screw extruder to improve mechanical and thermal properties. The desired ratio of MWCNT in ABS (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) were dispersed through single and double extrusion processes by a twin screw extruder. The test specimens of produced composites and pure ABS materials were prepared by micro-injection molding. The nanocomposites' mechanical and thermal properties were investigated and compared with pure ABS. It has been found that the tensile strength has increased significantly for single-extruded and double-extruded composites. A comparative study of MWCNTs reinforced ABS nanocomposites and pure ABS was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier's transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and Scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the microhardness has also increased for single- and double-extruded nanocomposites in comparison to pure ABS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) of AA2024 and AZ91D and aimed to explore the effect of rotation tool speed (RTS) on welding quality and the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the welded region. The optimal welding parameters for achieving a sound weld were determined to be a traverse speed (TS) of 35 mm/min and an RTS of 700 r/min. The presence of two specific intermetallic phases, Al3Mg2 and Al12Mg17, was observed in all joints, with Al12Mg17 showing a tendency to migrate toward the weld surface adjacent to the AZ91D plate, possibly resulting in constitutional liquation during solidification. The results revealed that the morphological characteristics and input heat significantly influenced the formation of IMCs. Moreover, the study highlighted that improper selection of processing parameters, particularly using lower RTS and TS, led to the development of dense layers of IMCs, such as Al12Mg17 and Mg + Al12Mg17, within the stir zone (SZ). Consequently, this led to a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the FSWed joints. The highest UTS value of 147.26 MPa was achieved with an RTS of 700 r/min and a TS of 35 mm/min, while the lowest UTS value of 113.47 MPa was observed at an RTS of 500 r/min and a TS of 35 mm/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing is emerging as one of the manufacturing technologies, which affect the traditional supply chain management. The traditional supply chain is based on a push system, whereas an additional supply chain is based on a pull system. In this work we have found the impact of 3D printing on supply chain management, what the risks and opportunities of 3D printing on the supply chain are and, also what the companies are doing to leverages these opportunities and risks. It has been concluded that the additive supply chain has drastically changed the traditional supply chain in four key ways i.e. time, quality, speed, and environmental impact. It will result in the effective management of resources, which is of immense importance, keeping in mind the sustainable development goals of a blue-chip organization. It will be cost-effective and will reduce the lead-time of the supply chain. It will result in increased customer satisfaction, as the product will be produced by mass customization and improved quality. Moreover, this will lead to flexibility in the manufacturing process, which will enhance industrial efficiency. Therefore, we can say that this research will give us the vision of different industries in India in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be spread out in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using a twin‐screw micro‐compounding extruder. It can significantly improve the mechanical properties of 3D‐printed objects. Dispersed MWCNTs in pure ABS to develop the nanocomposites through a two‐time micro compounding extruding process. 3D printed filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm have been prepared by processing the acquired composite structure through a filament extruder. The mechanical and other properties of 3D printed pure ABS and 1, 2, and 3 wt.% of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process were studied for MWCNTs/ABS composites. Compared with pure ABS, the tensile and thermal properties were significant for 1, 2, and 3 wt.% of MWCNTs/ABS composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also analyzed for 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt.% MWCNTs/ABS composites. Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have recently been emphasized for their applications in electronics, aerospace, biomedical, and automobile engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to model and predict the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene parts manufactured by fused deposition modelling. An L27 Taguchi array was used to associate the peculiar parameters (nozzle diameter, layer height, fill density, printing velocity, raster orientation and infill pattern) to perform experiments. A three-point bending test was executed on all samples in accordance with the ASTM D7264 standard, aimed to obtain Flexural strength and the 0.2% offset yield strength. An artificial neural network multi-parameter regression model was formed and then the model of the input-output relations developed by this network was optimised by genetic algorithm. This modelling and optimisation suggest a direct relation between choosing process parameters correctly and enhancing performance fused deposition modelling. This method provides optimal solutions for getting allotted output values. Infill pattern plays a critical role in providing strength. Infill patterns can be recommended for desired output within constraints of input factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction stir processing (FSP) has materialised as a significantly improved procedure for surface modification and fabrication. This has propelled its use in the industries of aerospace, automobile, and suchlike. Surface composites have many advantages over conventional composites and FSP is extensively used for their fabrication. In this study, we have compared and analysed the residual stresses of such friction stir fabricated surface composites with AA6063 as the base alloy and B4C nanoparticles as the reinforcement. Here, diethyl ether was used for the incorporation of B4C into the substrate of the base alloy. The residual stresses were measured using a portable stress analyser. The effect of the number of passes (one pass, two passes, three passes, and four passes) of FSP was studied. It was concluded that the specimen processed at 1000 rpm and three passes showed the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, measurement of residual stress induced during turning and threading operations for the fabrication of two types of pin profiled friction stir processing/welding (FSP/FSW) tools, i.e. cylindrical profiled pin tool and cylindrical threaded profiled pin tool, is being dealt with. Workpiece was chosen to be H13 tool steel with a diameter of 22 mm and 110 mm length. Turning and threading was done on CNC machine tools using CNMG 12404-THM uncoated tungsten carbide cutting tool. For residual stress measurement of the workpieces, an XRD-based Pulsetec μ -X360n portable residual stress analyzer setup was used. The experimental results show that the cylindrical pin profile tool had a compressive residual stress of σ (x) = 3 0 1 MPa and compressive residual shear stress of τ (x y) = 6 0 MPa, while the cylindrical threaded pin profile tool had a compressive residual stress of σ (x) = 4 5 7 MPa (51.8% more) and compressive residual shear stress of τ (x y) = 3 6 MPa (40% less). It has been concluded that due to threading operation on the cylindrical threaded pin profile, the value of residual stress is more in it, and since the stress is compressive in nature, it would have a better positive impact while doing FSP/FSW than that of the cylindrical profiled pin tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing processes such as casting, rolling, forging, extrusion, material removal processes, etc. are some of the common techniques used today in manufacturing industries. However, these processes must be carried out with utmost precision and precaution. Even the slightest negligence can give rise to anomalies which can be classified as defects or discontinuities depending upon their repairability. Non-Destructive Testing or NDT is amode of testing which has been adopted by industries for decades to test mass manufactured products for anomalies. This paper discusses various NDT methods, such as Visual Testing, Magnetic Particle Inspection, Penetrant Testing, Ultrasonic Testing, Radiographic Testing, Acoustic Emission and Eddy Current Testing. The paper also discusses how technical advancements have broadened the scope of NDT even in industries that may not be manufacturing oriented, indicating that NDT is not limited to detection of anomalies. Even though these developments have made NDT more favourable, this paper highlights the fact that these techniques are mostly manual and heavily dependent upon inspectors' knowledge and experience, leaving room for errors. This paper also discusses the key challenges and future scope in the field of NDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Automotive industry is one of the biggest emerging sectors in terms of revenue. Every automotive industry has an indispensable need for optimum manufacturing scheduling systems for generating good revenues and profits. This need can be pulled off by identifying and prioritizing the scheduling parameters. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is one of the best techniques of operation research in selecting the best parameters or factors among the various alternatives. This study includes the identification and prioritization of the various important scheduling parameters (SPs) in the Indian automotive industry. The twelve scheduling parameters have been identified in this study and these parameters are prioritized by the fuzzy- Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Model (DEMATEL). The expert’s views are gathered from the five automobile industries. Makespan, energy consumption, due date, and travel time are the crucial parameters obtained using Fuzzy TOPSIS. The least important parameters obtained using Fuzzy TOPSIS are work in process, flow time, and release date. The most influential parameters identified using the DEMATEL method are completion time and processing time. This study is valuable for every industry and research organization in the field of the automobile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, nanoboron carbide is integrated in the aluminum matrix using friction stir processing: by varying process parameters, that is, tool pin profile, tool rotational speed and tool traverse speed, based on Taguchi L16 design of experiment. A self-assembled monolayer is successfully developed on the substrate to homogeneously and uniformly distribute the reinforcement particles. Response surface methodology and artificial neural network models are developed using ultimate tensile strength and total elongation as responses. Percentage absolute error between the experimental and predicted values of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation for the response surface methodology model is 3.537 and 2.865, respectively, and for artificial neural network is 2.788 and 2.578, respectively. For both the developed models experimental and forecasted values are in close approximation. The artificial neural network model showed slightly better predictive capacity compared to the response surface methodology model. From the scanning electron microscopy micrograph, it is evident that throughout the matrix B4C reinforcement particles are well distributed also; with increasing tool rotational speed grain size decreases up to 1200 r/min; on further increasing the tool rotational speed particles starts clustering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Material selection is an important task for designers in all industries. To satisfy customer needs, designers have to predict the performance of all available materials and find out the best material for the product. Since the various materials are available in the market with diverse characteristics, which makes the material selection process is complex. So, there is an indispensable need for a proper material selection methodology. The designers have to identify the best approach which enhanced the product performance and also reduced the time of designing. In this study, first-time selection of materials for two-wheeler crankcase cover has done using integrated TOPSIS (Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) PROMETHEE (Preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation), and MOORA (Multi-objective optimization by ration analysis) model. The final rankings of alternatives obtained from this integrated model have also been compared with each other for finding the best material for crankcase cover. Six aluminum alloys (Alloy 360, Alloy 380, Alloy A380, Alloy 383, Alloy B390, and Alloy 13) have been taken as alternatives, and seven attributes (Brinell hardness, yield strength, % elongation, young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength, fatigue strength, and material cost) have been taken as criteria for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the exceptional mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V, it is widely utilized in numerous critical mechanical parts for the uncompromised factor of safety. However, performing machining operations on this alloy in close tolerance is a challenging task. Moreover, establishing a process for its efficient finishing has become the interest of researchers. In this research study, the magnetic abrasive finishing process (MAF) has been studied using the ANN-GA approach, where ANN has been used for modeling of input–output relations, and GA has been used to optimize the MAF process. The experiments were conducted on a pulsating DC sourced MAF set-up, and SiC-based loosely bonded magnetic abrasive media was used for material removal. During experimentation, the current, machining gap, speed of rotation, abrasive composition, and finishing time were taken as input parameters being arranged in an array of L16 orthogonal. In contrast, output parameters were changed in surface roughness, change in the microhardness, and change in the modulus of elastic indentation. ANN-GA approach provides a set of optimal solutions for obtaining suitable output values. Furthermore, loosely bound SiC-based magnetic abrasive media and its composition is found to be a very critical factor for the performance of the finishing quality on Ti-6Al-4 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incrementing demand for green and biodegradable material due to increased awareness and government regulations. This gives a new path to the creation of hybrid composite. This may improve the properties. In the present research work, natural fibres were extracted from Agave Americana plant, starch, and nano-talc reinforced in polypropylene matrix was used to synthesis hybrid composite by twin screw extruder. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene was used to enhance the compatibility between natural fibres and starch. Various samples were prepared by varying the content of natural fibres, starch and nano-talc. The prepared hybrid composite tested for its homogeneity by SEM and XRD test. The nano-talc in small content and natural fibres content of 5% gave better properties with enhanced tensile strength, and impact strength. Homogeneous and reactive mixing was reflected in SEM and FTIR, were a good indication for producing cheaper and lighter materials with enhanced mechanical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction stir processing (FSP), compared to other solid-state processing methods, is a one-step process that attains refinement and homogeneity in its Microstructure. The complex configuration of various kinds of welds in FSP and their 3-D (threedimensional) nature makes it tough to develop an overall system of ruling equations for theoretically analysing the functioning of the friction stir processed materials. The experimental trials are usually expensive and time-consuming. These hurdles can be overcome often by doing numerical analysis. The mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the Stir-Zone can be precisely supervised by enhancing the parameters of tool design, material properties, parameters of friction stir processing, and active heating and cooling. In this study, the significance of process parameters during FSP of Aluminium 5083 and the role of numerical analysis using ANSYS Workbench in the prediction of material behaviour have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryogenic cooling with liquid nitrogen has a wide field of scientific and engineering applications. The aim of the presented research work is to analyze the impact on cutting force and temperature during the LN2 single supply at (i) rake face and double supply (ii) rake and flank face of TiN coated carbide cutting tool during turning of AISI D3 steel. Taguchi based S/N ratio was used for Design of Experiments (DoE) of L18 orthogonal array. The four control factors were selected. The three factors like speed, feed and depth of cut were varied to three levels. The fourth factor was the machining condition which was varied to two levels. The cutting force and temperature were declined by 32-48% and 34-46% during the double supply of LN2 at rake and flank face as compared to single supply at rake face. The influence and percentage of contribution of each factor were found out by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The double supply method with LN2 supply at rake and flank face had the highest effect of contribution in the percentage as 77.13% and 87.42% for cutting force and temperature respectively. The values obtained during confirmatory runs were very close to the optimized results within the limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of 42-year-old male presented with acute onset breathlessness and blurring of vision in both eyes. Upon evaluation, the patient is found to have vitamin B12 and iron deficiency anemia; ophthalmoscopic examination revealed bilateral preretinal hemorrhages and Roth spots. This case documents the occurrence of retinopathy in nutritional dimorphic anemia causing blindness which is reversible after correction of anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]