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Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 (Spirostreptida, Pseudonannolenidae) is one of the most common genera of millipedes in Brazilian caves. To date, only three troglobitic species are known in a list of 56 species described for the genus. In this study, we report new records of the cave-dwelling species Pseudonannolene ambuatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013 in Minas Gerais state. These records extend its distribution by approximately 600 km2, making it the most widely distributed cave-dwelling millipede in the country. We also provide a new assessment of its conservation status based on the records and threats to its populations.

Reports of mites parasitizing arthropods are common worldwide. However, there hasn't been a single record of mite parasitism by any Erythraeidae species on the millipede Polyxenidae in Brazil. To address this gap, we present a record of the species Charletonia rocciai Treat & Flechtmann, 1979 (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae), parasitizing a specimen of this millipede family in the country.

The intriguing thanatosis was observed for the second time for a member of the family Chelodesmidae. This behavior was recorded for the species Pseudoleptodesmus rubescens (Gervais, 1836), in the municipality of Magé, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The chelodesmid genus Dibolostethus Hoffman, 2009, the sole member of the tribe Dibolostethini, is reviewed. The genus contains the type species D. sicarius Hoffman, 2009 known only from the Los Rios Province, Ecuador, and two new species from the Tropical Andes, D. inopinatus Means, Bouzan & Ivanov sp. nov. from the Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador and D. kattani Means, Bouzan, Martínez-Torres & Ivanov sp. nov. from the Valle del Cauca Department, Colombia. We redescribe D. sicarius and provide a revised diagnosis of the genus, images of diagnostic morphological characters, and a key to the males of Dibolostethus. In addition, we provide a summary and a distribution map of the Chelodesmidae of the Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot.

ABSTRACT The millipede species Taulidesmella tabatinga is known from the border of Brazil with Peru and Colombia, Iquitos (Peru), and environs of Manaus (Brazil). Based on freshly collected material during the rainy season in 2014 along the Amazon River upriver from its confluence with the Negro River, we report a new record of T. tabatinga in floodplain forests in the municipality of Alvarães, Amazonas state (Brazil), filling a gap of 1,000 km between its previously known occurrence points. This record indicates that T. tabatinga is likely widespread along both margins of the upper Amazon River, mostly associated with tree trunks and litter of riparian and floodplain forests.

Abstract The Atlantic Forest is known for its richness and diversity of species. Nonetheless, the diversity of millipedes in the biome is still poorly known. In this work, the distribution and the faunal composition of millipedes of the family Spirostreptidae Brandt, 1833 (order Spirostreptida) from the Atlantic Forest are provided. A total of 159 occurrence points were compiled, and 59 species in 17 genera were listed. GymnostreptusBrölemann, 1902 was recovered as the richest genus in the Atlantic Forest with 14 species and one subspecies. The species Plusioporus setiger (Brölemann, 1902) presented the highest number of records, with 22 occurrence points in at least 20 municipalities. A total of 35 species were recorded from only one municipality. Considering all the threats on the biome, this paper is important for our understanding of the Brazilian millipede fauna and can be useful to determine places that require valuations for collecting efforts and conservation policies.

This study concerns the diplopod genus Eucampesmella Schubart, 1955, widespread in Brazil. After this work, the genus includes 12 valid species, and three incertae sedis: E. pugiuncula (Schubart, 1946), E. brunnea Kraus, 1959 and E. schubarti Kraus, 1957. The type-species, Eucampesmella tricuspis (Attems, 1931), is redescribed based on the holotype, and the following six new Brazilian species are added: Eucampesmella macunaima sp. nov. from the states of Rondônia, Pará, and Piauí; E. capitu sp. nov. from the states of Piauí and Paraíba; E. brascubas sp. nov. from the state of Sergipe; E. iracema sp. nov. from the state of Pernambuco; E. pedrobala sp. nov. from the state of Ceará; and E. lalla sp. nov. from the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Furthermore, E. lartiguei ferrii (Schubart, 1956) is recognized as a junior synonym of E. lartiguei lartiguei (Silvestri, 1897), which also had its status changed, and E. sulcata (Attems, 1898) is revalidated, prevailing under the name Leptodesmus tuberculiporus Attems, 1898. In addition, drawings, diagnoses, and distribution maps for all species of the genus are provided.

ABSTRACT Two new species of Chelodesmidae from the Brazilian northeast are described, Iguazus robustus sp. nov., from the state of Paraíba, and Tessarithys exacuminatus sp. nov., from the states of Pernambuco and Sergipe. Iguazus robustus sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by having a constriction in the zone of the gonopodal acropodite tip and an extra branch at the tip of the acropodite. Tessarithys exacuminatus sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by the large and ascending subterminal dorsal branch of the prefemoral process of the gonopod. Brief reviews of the taxonomy, geographic distribution and a key for males of the respective genera are provided.

ABSTRACT The South American genus Heteropyge Silvestri, 1897 is revised, accommodating now six accepted species. Adults of the poorly known species Heteropyge araguayensis (Schubart, 1947) are described for the first time from near-topotypic material collected near the Araguaia River, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. In addition, based on recent samplings and on material from Schubart’s collection, H. bidens (Schubart, 1945) is removed from the synonymy of H. cayennophilus (Silvestri, 1897) and revalidated. Both species show significant differences concerning the gonopods and male leg-pair 1. New records and additional data for H. bidens and H. cayennophilus are provided, as well as an updated checklist of the species belonging to Heteropyge.