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In this paper, I explore socio-spatial segregation from a particular perspective, which may probably be considered a novelty in the investigation of spatial social patterns, as it focuses on questions such as: What kind of distinction occurs between socio-spatial patterns designated by statistical data and the cognitive representations of those patterns in people’s minds? And what explains these differences, and what kind of impact can they generate?

The European cultural landscape and its traditional values represent a significant condition for recreation and tourism. However, we are aware of the negative consequences of human activity in the past years in rural areas and pay more attention to protecting these values. Modern rural recreation and tourism must be built on scientific background. That is why the presented contribution brings an innovative integrated approach to sustainable rural recreation and tourism model by applying landscape ecological planning methodology with a combination of ecological stability and landscape character assessment. It deals with the qualitative evaluation of the landscape potential of the foothill village of Podkonice in Slovakia and the possibilities of its use in sustainable rural tourism. Determining the potential in confrontation with different forms of tourism activities can help achieve a sustainable tourism concept. The main result of the presented research is the final optimal selection of activities and use of the landscape with regard to the development of tourism. Such a proposal can be used in spatial planning and strategic decision-making processes not only in the study area, but it can be applied in the European context.

The study area is part of the Biosphere Reserve (BR), which, along with adjacent caves in the Aggtelek Karst in Hungary, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995. This article focuses on the assessment of temporal changes in land cover and high nature value farmland. Changes over the past three decades were assessed in the operational areas of transtermitant farms on karst plains and in three BR zones. The results help to identify factors responsible for the progressive succession of woody plants on pastures. Karst microreliefs were excluded from pastoral activities because of the inherent nature of transtermitance, conservation measures, natural conditions, and type of farmed animal. The future preservation of valuable habitats, visually attractive karst landscape characteristics, and clean underground water in a cross-border cave system hinges on adequate grazing conditions being agreed upon by farmers and the Slovenský kras BR administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Neuroglial tumors are frequently associated with pharmacorefractory epilepsies. However, comprehensive knowledge about long-term outcomes after epilepsy surgery and the main prognostic factors for outcome is still limited. We sought to evaluate long-term outcomes and potential influencing factors in a large cohort of patients who underwent surgery for neuroglial tumors in a single-center setting. Methods: The study analyzed the outcomes of 107 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery for neuroglial tumors between 2001 and 2020 at the Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, in Germany. The outcomes were evaluated using Engel classification. Differences in outcome related to potential prognostic factors were examined using the Chi2-test, Fisher's exact test and sign test. Additionally, stepwise logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: Complete seizure freedom (Engel Class IA) was achieved in 75% of the operated patients at 12 months, and 56% at the last follow-up visit (70.4± 6.2 months, median: 40 months). Completeness of resection was a crucial factor for both 12-month follow-up outcomes and the longest available outcomes, whereas lobar tumor localization, histology (ganglioglioma vs. dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor), history of bilateral tonic-clonic seizures prior to surgery, invasive diagnostics, side of surgery (dominant vs. non-dominant hemisphere), age at epilepsy onset, age at surgery, and epilepsy duration did not consistently impact postsurgical outcomes. Among temporal lobe surgeries, patients who underwent lesionectomy and lesionectomy, including hippocampal resection, demonstrated similar outcomes. Conclusion: Neuroglial tumors present as excellent surgical substrates in treating structural epilepsy. To achieve an optimal postsurgical outcome, a complete lesion resection should be pursued whenever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive wheat production, which produces high yields through the excessive use of chemical inputs and non-renewable energy, is unsustainable in the long term. Innovative cultivation methods such as intercropping can address emerging challenges. This kind of plant association offers the possibility of achieving a balanced yield with the use of a natural nitrogen source. An experiment was conducted for three growing seasons (2020/2021, 2021/2022, 2022/2023) with a combination of three winter wheat varieties (GK Szilárd, Cellule, GK Csillag) and a winter pea variety (Aviron) in three sowing densities to determine the species interaction and the economics of mixed plots. The intercropping systems were evaluated in terms of the land equivalent ratio (LER), aggressivity (A), competitive ratio CR), actual yield loss (AYL), monetary advantage index (MAI), and intercropping advantage (IA). In almost all mixtures, the values of partial A, CR, and AYL indicated that wheat was more competitive than peas due to the overconcentration of mixtures. For MAI, the mixture Cellule/Aviron 75:50 was more profitable than the others in the first two years. Our results draw attention to the influence of the seeding rate, which can contribute to new directions for current research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant phenomenon of sacral complexes in a landscape is their cultural heritage dimension. They are part of historical landscape structures, representing a type of cultural landscape. In addition, they are often perceived as important landscape landmarks and symbols. In Slovakia (Central Europe), most such complexes are abandoned and deteriorated. In this context presented paper deals with the assessment and possible future human use of Calvary in Hliník nad Hronom (Slovakia) in order to preserve it for future generations. A central aspect of our research work presented in this contribution is to elaborate a sustainable and feasible concept for the Calvary following the integrated approach of its revitalization. Firstly, we analyzed Calvary´s historical and regional setting with the help of a thorough review of literature, historical maps, and pictures. Then we evaluated architectural, landscape, and vegetation values, as well as landscape structure changes using relevant methodologies. Based on this evaluation, much fieldwork, and social survey we were able to identify the current problems of the place connected with abandonment and use, evaluated values, socio-economic factors, and preservation policies. Subsequently, we prepared a future concept for the Calvary following the selected criteria and distinguishing features and looking at the Calvary as a result of collective work. Finally, recommendations were formulated for legal framework and spatial planning procedures in order to enforce better preservation of values of sacral complexes in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hippocampal volumetry is an essential tool in researching and diagnosing mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). However, it has a limited ability to detect subtle alterations in hippocampal morphometry. Here, we establish and apply a novel geometry‐based tool that enables point‐wise morphometric analysis based on an intrinsic coordinate system of the hippocampus. We hypothesized that this point‐wise analysis uncovers structural alterations not measurable by volumetry, but associated with histological underpinnings and the neuropsychological profile of mTLE. We conducted a retrospective study in 204 individuals with mTLE and 57 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects. FreeSurfer‐based segmentations of hippocampal subfields in 3T‐MRI were subjected to a geometry‐based analysis that resulted in a coordinate system of the hippocampal mid‐surface and allowed for point‐wise measurements of hippocampal thickness and other features. Using point‐wise analysis, we found significantly lower thickness and higher FLAIR signal intensity in the entire affected hippocampus of individuals with hippocampal sclerosis (HS‐mTLE). In the contralateral hippocampus of HS‐mTLE and the affected hippocampus of MRI‐negative mTLE, we observed significantly lower thickness in the presubiculum. Impaired verbal memory was associated with lower thickness in the left presubiculum. In HS‐mTLE histological subtype 3, we observed higher curvature than in subtypes 1 and 2 (all p <.05). These findings could not be observed using conventional volumetry (Bonferroni‐corrected p <.05). We show that point‐wise measures of hippocampal morphometry can uncover structural alterations not measurable by volumetry while also reflecting histological underpinnings and verbal memory. This substantiates the prospect of their clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examined the effectiveness of zinc foliar fertilizers. Two winter wheat varieties, GK Pilis and Zvezdana, were tested in a Zn-limited meadow chernozem soil. Crop yields and chlorophyll concentrations of the leaves were examined in the growing seasons of 2020/2021 of favorable weather conditions and 2021/2022 of drought weather conditions. In the experiment, three treatments were carried out with monozinc foliar fertilizer of a concentrated 12% (w/v) zinc sulfate heptahydrate solution, and the fourth plot was designed as the untreated control. The first monozinc treatment was applied at a dose of 1 L ha−1 and the second monozinc treatment at a dose of 2 L ha−1. These treatments were applied at tillering (BBCH 21–22). The third monozinc treatment was applied at a dose of 1 L ha−1 at tillering and flag leaf emergence (BBCH 21–22, BBCH 37). Samples were taken several times in the vegetation period, and measurements were made using different methods (SPAD, determination of total chlorophyll concentration from acetone solution) before and after Zn treatments. In 2020/2021 of favorable weather conditions, the yield of Zvezdana was 5.47 t ha−1 and that of Gk Pilis was 6.11 t ha−1, compared to 2021/2022 of drought weather conditions, in which year the yield of Zvezdana was 3.14 t ha−1 and that of Gk Pilis was 2.79 t ha−1. Yields of both varieties increased with increasing NPK nutrient doses. In 2021/2022, even at nutrient level D (NPK basal fertilizer and two-times N topdressing), we harvested on average twice as much as in 2020/2021 at nutrient level A (N basal fertilizer and once N topdressing). No significant effects were found between the foliar fertilizers in 2020/2021. In 2021/2022, Zn treatments, mainly at four nutrient levels tended to increase the yields of both varieties. The first treatment resulted in a grain yield reduction of 3% for GK Pilis, and the second treatment resulted in a grain yield reduction of 1.2% for Zvezdana. After the second and third treatments, grain yield reductions were 0.1%–0.5%. Although there was no significant difference in terms of the main averages, foliar fertilizer was found to be effective in the second year. The relationship between chlorophyll and grain yield was found to depend on the year and variety. A weak correlation (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) was found between the total chlorophyll concentration in leaves for Zvezdana in 2021, and a medium correlation for GK Pilis (r = 0.67, p < 0.05). Concerning grain yield and chlorophyll concentration, a strong correlation (r = 0.81, p < 0.05) was found for Zvezdana in 2022, and a weak correlation (r = 0.44, p < 0.05) for GK Pilis. A strong correlation was found between the total leaf chlorophyll concentration and SPAD index in both years (r = 0.81, p < 0.05) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of wheat production depends on our ability to adapt to changing growing conditions. It is expected that intercropping will be more emphasized where natural source of nitrogen may increase the resilience of cereals. Our investigation was made in two growing seasons (2020–2021, 2021–2022) with three winter wheat varieties (GK Szilárd, Cellule, GK Csillag) and a winter pea variety (Aviron) in Szeged-Öthalom. Each plot was 10 square meters in four repeats in randomized block design. We used a seed mixture of both species with three sowing densities. In this study, we represent a development process of two winter-sown species, then yield components evaluated by cumulative yield production analysis and multivariate regression. Mixtures were only beneficial for wheat in the case of GK Szilárd 50% and Aviron 75%, Cellule 75% and Aviron 100% (in 2021), Cellule 100% and Aviron 50% (in 2022), GK Csillag 75% and Aviron 50%. The yield was determined by the number and weight of grains in both species (and also number of pea pods). Knowledge of the development process of the companion plants is a key issue in creating an effective intercrop. This self-sustaining, low input and energy efficient cropping practice has a great potential in temperate areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing two or more crops together in the same area at the same time, called intercropping, is a well-known agroecological method of weed suppression. Cereal-legume intercropping systems are of great importance in increasing biodiversity in arable lands. In cereal-legume mixtures, cereals provide physical support to legumes and enhance weed suppression. Cereals have a stronger weed suppression ability than peas. The aim of our research was to determine the weed composition and weed cover of pure winter wheat, pure barley, pure triticale and pure winter pea, as well as associated wheat-pea, barley-pea, and triticale-pea crops in two locations (Szeged and Fülöpszállás) and in two growing seasons (2020/2021 and 2021/2022). In Fülöpszállás, the average weed cover was significantly higher than in Szeged. When comparing the years and crop production methods, significant differences were observed in weed cover in the pure legume plots. More weed species appeared in Szeged and Fülöpszállás in the second year than in the first year. Cereal-pea intercropping reduces the need for herbicides; we can achieve more sustainable and effective weed management without herbicide treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be used as an advanced diagnostic modality to detect the seizure onset zone in the presurgical evaluation of people with epilepsy. In addition to visual assessment (VSA) of ictal and interictal SPECT images, postprocessing methods such as ictal‐interictal SPECT analysis using SPM (ISAS) can visualize regional ictal blood flow differences. We aimed to evaluate and differentiate the diagnostic value of VSA and ISAS in the Bonn cohort. Methods: We included 161 people with epilepsy who underwent presurgical evaluation at the University Hospital Bonn between 2008 and 2020 and received ictal and interictal SPECT and ISAS. We retrospectively assigned SPECT findings to one of five categories according to their degree of concordance with the clinical focus hypothesis. Results: Seizure onset zones could be identified more likely on a sublobar concordance level by ISAS than by VSA (31% vs. 19% of cases; OR = 1.88; 95% Cl [1.04, 3.42]; P = 0.03). Both VSA and ISAS more often localized a temporal seizure onset zone than an extratemporal one. Neither VSA nor ISAS findings were predicted by the latency between seizure onset and tracer injection (P = 0.75). In people who underwent successful epilepsy surgery, VSA and ISAS indicated the correct resection site in 54% of individuals, while MRI and EEG showed the correct resection localization in 96% and 33% of individuals, respectively. It was more likely to become seizure‐free after epilepsy surgery if ISAS or VSA had been successful. There was no MR‐negative case with successful surgery, indicating that ictal SPECT is more useful for confirmation than for localization. Significance: The results of the most extensive clinical study of ictal SPECT to date allow an assessment of the diagnostic value of this elaborate examination and emphasize the importance of postprocessing routines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winter wheat is one of the most important crops globally and also in Hungary. Hungary has excellent crop production potential including seed production. The aim of our experiment is to determine the effects of different amounts and proportions of nutrients and those of the seed size of winter wheat in laboratory seed tests on the seed parameters (germination percentage, germination power, seedling health and vigour), as well as in field tests of the seed parameters (emergence percentage and yield of next crop year). Laboratory seed tests of winter wheat variety GK Petur were conducted with seeds that underwent ten nutrient treatments and of three seed size fractions over four crop years, together with field experiments in three growing seasons. Compared to the untreated control group, N treatments significantly decreased the health of the seedlings in the next generation of winter wheat. PK treatments without N increased the germination percentage, vigour value and emergence percentage significantly, but the health of the seedlings decreased. In contrast, NPK treatments with a ratio of 2:1:1 improved all the tested parameters compared to those of the control group. The increase in seed sizes significantly increased the germination power, seedling health, vigour value, emergence percentage and the yield of the next crop year. It can be concluded that the factors of nutrient supply, crop year of the seed production and the seed size significantly influence the quality of the seed (germination percentage, germination power, seedling health, vigour and emergence percentage), thus also the yield of the next generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The examination of mycorrhizae is a very important research topic nowadays, as it is known for its many positive effects and can be found on almost all soil types. They are able to form a symbiotic relationship with the majority of terrestrial plants, with almost 90% of them. They increase the nutrient and water absorption of the host plant, increase the resistance of the plant against diseases and help improve the quality of the soil. In return, the fungus receives organic matter, vitamins and growth-stimulating substances from the plant. However, few studies deal with the mycorrhiza-wheat relationship under field conditions. In our research, we focused on this, where we created four different nutrient levels and treated four varieties of winter wheat (GK Déva, GK Petur, Cellule, MV Nádor) with a biological seedcoating product that contain mycorrhiza. The experiment was set up in Szeged-Öthalom, in the 2021/2022 growing season, on 10 m2 plots in four replicates, using random block arrangement. Our goal was to determine the effectiveness of mycorrhizal treatments in addition to traditional field cultivation. To do this, we measured the yield amounts and examined different yield elements (stem weight, spike weight, spike length). Then the results of the treated and control plants were compared and evaluated using the SPSS statistical system. Based on the one-year results, we observed that mycorrhizal treatments had a positive effect on the yield of winter wheat varieties at all nutrient levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercropping is an ancient and worldwide agricultural practice expected to become more prevalent in Hungary due to the accumulating impact of climate change. In this study, the plant association of pure winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and pure winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) was analyzed without weed control and with applied herbicides at different intervals (pre-emergence, early and late post-emergence) and different active herbicide ingredients. Two growing seasons, 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 were examined to compare weed composition and weed cover to evaluate the effect of the applied herbicides at different timings. To determine weed control efficiency, weed surveys were conducted six times in each growing season. The effect of cultivation methods (pure and mixed plots) on the development of plants was also measured by yield production analysis. Findings from these investigations indicate that there were significantly more weed species and occurrences of weeds in pure wheat and pure pea plots compared to mixed plots. In addition to cultivation and weed control treatments, meteorological events significantly influenced the development of the plants, and thus the yield components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public participation is increasingly important in flood and environmental management planning. Accordingly, understanding the attitude of local society to natural values and their relations with the environment is highly important to realize successful development projects. This study aimed to analyze the human-nature relationship, the public perceptions of environmental hazards and people’s engagement with water management related and human interventions at Maros/Mureş River through a public survey. The survey was carried out in 11 Romanian and Hungarian settlements using the random walking method to interview the local public. The results show that people are a little pessimistic concerning the state of the river, and there are misbeliefs about the general problems affecting its present environmental status. Meanwhile, the perception of flood hazard is governed by the fading memory of the last high-risk flood event in 1970. The engagement of residents is mostly affected by socio-demographic parameters. However, the regularity they visit the river is also very important. Consequently, informing people on apparent environmental issues and processes can greatly help the socially inclusive implementation of water management measures along the river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Limbic encephalitis is an increasingly recognized cause of medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) and associated cognitive deficits, potentially resulting in hippocampal sclerosis (HS). For several reasons, these patients usually do not undergo epilepsy surgery. Thus, histopathologic examinations in surgical specimens of clearly diagnosed limbic encephalitis are scarce. The purpose of this study was a detailed histopathologic analysis of surgical tissue alterations, including neurodegenerative markers, in patients with limbic encephalitis undergoing epilepsy surgery. Methods: We investigated the surgical specimens of six patients operated on with mTLE related to limbic encephalitis (among them four patients were with GAD65 and one with Ma1/2 antibodies), and compared the findings to a control group with six patients matched according to age at the time of surgery without limbic encephalitis and without early inciting events. Results: Histopathologic analysis in the group with limbic encephalitis revealed HS in four patients, while three of them also displayed signs of an active inflammatory reaction with lymphocytes. In one of the patients with GAD65-encephalitis who was suffering from a late-onset mTLE and a long disease course, neurodegenerative protein markers (β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau) were found coexisting with inflammatory reactions and HS. Investigations in the control group did not reveal any inflammatory reaction or neurodegenerative marker. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a possible link between long-lasting immune reactions in the medial temporal lobe, HS, and further toward the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Presently, however, a causal relationship between these entities cannot yet be established. Furthermore, our results suggest that an immunological etiology should always be considered in late onset (> 18 years) mTLE, also in cases of long disease duration and the presence of HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the predictability of mean reverting portfolios and the VAR(1) model in several aspects. First, we checked the dependency of the accuracy of VAR(1) model on different data types including the original data itself, the return of prices, the natural logarithm of stock and on the log return. Then we compared the accuracy of predictions of mean reverting portfolios coming from VAR(1) with different generative models such as VAR(1) and LSTM for both online and o ine data. It was eventually shown that the LSTM predicts much better than the VAR(1) model. The conclusion is that the VAR(1) assumption works well in selecting the mean reverting portfolio, however, LSTM is a better choice for prediction. With the combined model a strategy with positive trading mean profit was successfully developed. We found that online LSTM outperforms all VAR(1) predictions and results in a positive expected profit when used in a simple trading algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are a frequent cause of drug-resistant focal epilepsies. These lesions are in many cases amenable to epilepsy surgery. We examined 12-month and long-term post-surgical outcomes and its predictors including positive family history of epilepsy. Methods: Twelve-month and long-term outcomes regarding seizure control after epilepsy surgery in patients operated on with FCD type II between 2002 and 2019 in the Epilepsy Center of Bonn were evaluated based on patient records and telephone interviews. Results: Overall, 102 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Seventy-one percent of patients at 12 months of follow-up (FU) and 54% of patients at the last available FU (63 ± 5.00 months, median 46.5 months) achieved complete seizure freedom (Engel class IA), and 84 and 69% of patients, respectively, displayed Engel class I outcome. From the examined variables [histopathology: FCD IIA vs. IIB, lobar lesion location: frontal vs. non-frontal, family history for epilepsy, focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FTBTCS) in case history, completeness of resection, age at epilepsy onset, age at surgery, duration of epilepsy], outcomes at 12 months were determined by interactions of age at onset, duration of epilepsy, age at surgery, extent of resection, and lesion location. Long-term post-surgical outcome was primarily influenced by the extent of resection and history of FTBTCS. Positive family history for epilepsy had a marginal influence on long-term outcomes only. Conclusion: Resective epilepsy surgery in patients with FCD II yields very good outcomes both at 12-month and long-term follow-ups. Complete lesion resection and the absence of FTBTCS prior to surgery are associated with a better outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our goal was to assess the interrater agreement (IRA) of photoparoxysmal response (PPR) using the classification proposed by a task force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), and a simplified classification system proposed by our group. In addition, we evaluated IRA of epileptiform discharges (EDs) and the diagnostic significance of the electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. We used EEG recordings from the European Reference Network (EpiCARE) and Standardized Computer‐based Organized Reporting of EEG (SCORE). Six raters independently scored EEG recordings from 30 patients. We calculated the agreement coefficient (AC) for each feature. IRA of PPR using the classification proposed by the ILAE task force was only fair (AC = 0.38). This improved to a moderate agreement by using the simplified classification (AC = 0.56; P =.004). IRA of EDs was almost perfect (AC = 0.98), and IRA of scoring the diagnostic significance was moderate (AC = 0.51). Our results suggest that the simplified classification of the PPR is suitable for implementation in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of migration is as old as humanity, and in every historical period it has intensified or decreased based on different situations that could have emerged. Nowadays, Europe faces such a huge mass migration that it has not been seen for a long time. During the last year, more than one million people arrived in Europe, out of which 400,000 via Hungary. This number surprised not only politicians and experts on the topic, but also the civil population and the attitude towards this phenomenon caused great division, both politically and from civilian perspective. It showed the division within the EU in that the Member States had totally different points of view regarding this phenomenon and regarding its root causes and they imagined totally different solutions for it. There are places where they highlighted the humanitarian aspect, in other places they placed their citizen's safety first, and every other action had to be adjusted to this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) are planted on small area in Hungary, although it is a precious source of protein (22-28%), and it also plays a significant role like a component in fodder mixture and green forage. It is a great part in crop rotation as a short growing-season legume. Furthermore, it has beneficial effects of nitrogen-fixing nodules being able to obtain N derived from air. One of the most critical limiting factors is to find out weed management practise for control of weeds in field pea. Our field experiment was carried out on site of the National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, the Department of Field Crops Research in Öthalom for comparing weed management strategies by evaluate their efficacy and weed flora. We used 6 herbicides or herbicid combination and observed weed density in 5 times during the growing season. The most important weeds were: common chickweed (Stellaria media), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), branching lackspur (Consolida regalis), meldweed (Chenopodium album). Among the treatments the highest weed cover was the weedy check, followed by Stomp Super, obtained maximum weed control and long lasting effect. With the application of Basagran 480 SL and Pulsar 40 SL have a significantly lower weed density was recorded than preemergence applications. In case of Corum application, it was the lowest weed cover of all even at harvesting time. According to our experiments use of Dash does not control weeds considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is insufficient data in the literature regarding the real-life, daily clinical practice evaluation of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (APD). We are not sure what is the upper limit of dopaminergic medication, especially the levodopa (LD) dosage, and how it is influenced by access and suitability to the various add-on and device-aided therapies (DAT). Objective: This retrospective study explored the profile of APD patients that were considered and systematically evaluated regarding the suitability for DAT. Methods: We analyzed the data from 311 consecutive patients with APD hospitalized between 2011 and 2017 that 1) described at least 2 hrs/day off periods divided into at least two instances/day (except early morning akinesia), 2) were in stage 3 or above on the Hoehn and Yahr scale, 3) were with or without dyskinesia, and 4) received at least four levodopa doses/day combined with adjuvant therapy. Results: Of the 311 patients enrolled initially, 286 patients showed up for the second visit, of which in 125 cases we assessed that DAT would be necessary. Finally, 107 patients were tested in our clinic to confirm the efficacy of LCIG. Patients selected for DAT had significantly longer off periods, more frequent dyskinesia, early morning akinesia, and freezing despite having significantly higher LD doses than those with an improved conservative therapy. Conclusion: Patients with APD can have a variety of symptoms, and because symptoms and therapeutical efficacy can be manifested in many different combinations, it is not possible to decide using a single, rigid set of criteria which APD patient is eligible for DAT. Nevertheless, treating physicians should refer APD patients to a specialized movement disorder center when patients with an average daily dose of LD of at least 750–1000 mg and maximal complementary therapies present daily motor complications that significantly reduce the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Objective: To pool observational data on the routine use of perampanel to obtain information on real‐world outcomes and data in populations typically underrepresented in clinical trials. Methods: Individual‐level data of people with epilepsy treated with perampanel at 45 European centers were merged into a single dataset. Prespecified outcomes were: 1‐year retention rate, 1‐year seizure freedom rate (duration ≥6 months), and incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). In addition, relationships were explored with logistic regression analyses. Results: The full analysis set comprised 2396 people: 95% had focal seizures; median epilepsy duration was 27 years; median number of concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was 2; and median prior AEDs was 6. One‐year retention rate was 48% (1117/2332; 95% confidence interval [CI] 46‐50%), and 1‐year seizure‐free rate (≥6‐month duration) was 9.2% (74/803; 95% CI 7‐11%). Median treatment duration was 11.3 months (1832 patient‐years); median dose was 8 mg. In 388 individuals with available data at 3, 6, and 12 months, responder rates were 42%, 46%, and 39%, respectively. During the first year, TEAEs were reported in 68% of participants (1317/1497; 95% CI 66‐70%). Logistic regression found higher age at perampanel initiation was associated with higher seizure‐free rate, and higher number of prior AEDs with lower seizure‐free rate and lower rates of somatic TEAEs. In 135 individuals aged ≥65 years, 1‐year retention rate was 48% and seizure‐free rate was 28%. Significance: Across a large, treatment‐resistant population, add‐on perampanel was retained for ≥1 year by 48% of individuals, and 9% were seizure‐free for ≥6 months. TEAEs were in line with previous reports in routine clinical use, and less frequent than in the clinical trial setting. No new or unexpected TEAEs were seen. Despite the limitations of observational studies, our data indicate that some individuals may derive a marked benefit from the use of perampanel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of fast network oscillations in the hippocampus relies on interneurons, but the underlying specific synaptic mechanisms are not established. The excitatory recruitment of fast-spiking interneurons during hippocampal sharp waves has been suggested to be critical for the generation of 140 -200 Hz ("ripple") oscillations in the CA1 area. To directly test this, we used genetically modified mice (PV-ΔGluR-A) with reducedAMPAreceptor-mediated excitation onto parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons and studied hippocampal oscillations in freely moving animals. InPV-ΔGluR-A mice, ripple-amplitude and associated rhythmic modulation of pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons were increased. These changes were not accompanied by concurrent alterations of firing rates. Neither theta nor gamma oscillations displayed marked alterations in the mutant. These results provide evidence that fast excitation from pyramidal cells to PV-positive interneurons differentially influences ripple and gamma oscillations in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When errors in messenger RNA processing or packaging occur along the path from the site of transcription to the nuclear pore complex, the conserved RNA-degrading enzyme Swt1 comes into the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of fast network oscillations in the hippocampus relies on interneurons, but the underlying specific synaptic mechanisms are not established. The excitatory recruitment of fast-spiking interneurons during hippocampal sharp waves has been suggested to be critical for the generation of 140 -200 Hz ("ripple") oscillations in the CA1 area. To directly test this, we used genetically modified mice (PV-ΔGluR-A) with reduced AMPA receptor-mediated excitation onto parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons and studied hippocampal oscillations in freely moving animals. InPV-ΔGluR-A mice, ripple-amplitude and associated rhythmic modulation of pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons were increased. These changes were not accompanied by concurrent alterations of firing rates. Neither theta nor gamma oscillations displayed marked alterations in the mutant. These results provide evidence that fast excitation from pyramidal cells to PV-positive interneurons differentially influences ripple and gamma oscillations in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centrins are calmodulin-like proteins that function in the duplication of microtubule-organizing centres. Here we describe a new function of the yeast centrin Cdc31. We show that overproduction of a sequence, termed CID, in the carboxy-terminal domain of the nuclear export factor Sac3 titrates Cdc31, causing a dominant-lethal phenotype and a block in spindle pole body (SPB) duplication. Under normal conditions, the CID motif recruits Cdc31 and Sus1 (a subunit of the SAGA transcription complex) to the Sac3-Thp1 complex, which functions in mRNA export together with specific nucleoporins at the nuclear basket. A previously reported cdc31 temperature-sensitive allele, which is neither defective in SPB duplication nor Kic1 kinase activation, induces mRNA export defects. Thus, Cdc31 has an unexpected link to the mRNA export machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yra1p and Sub2p are components of the TREX complex, which couples transcription elongation with nuclear export of mRNAs. Here, we report a genetic interaction between Yra1p and a conserved protein Sac3p, which previously was found to interact with Sub2p. In vivo, Sac3p forms a stable complex with Thp1p, which was reported to function in transcription elongation. In addition, Sac3p binds to the mRNA exporter Mex67p-Mtr2p and requires the nucleoporin Nupip to dock at the nuclear side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Significantly, mutations in Sac3p or Thp1p lead to strong mRNA export defects. Taken together, our data suggest that the novel Sac3p-Thp1p complex functions by docking the mRNP to specific nucleoporins at the nuclear entrance of the NPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Interpretation To assess whether arterial spin labeling perfusion images of healthy controls can enhance ictal single‐photon emission computed tomography analysis and whether the acquisition of the interictal image can be omitted.We developed 2 pipelines: The first uses ictal and interictal images and compares these to single‐photon emission computed tomography and arterial spin labeling of healthy controls. The second pipeline uses only the ictal image and the analogous healthy controls. Both pipelines were compared to the gold standard analysis and evaluated on data of individuals with epilepsy who underwent ictal single‐photon emission computed tomography imaging during presurgical evaluation between 2010 and 2022. Fifty healthy controls prospectively underwent arterial spin labeling imaging. The correspondence between the detected hyperperfusion and the postoperative resection cavity or the presumably affected lobe was assessed using Dice score and mean Euclidean distance. Additionally, the outcomes of the pipelines were automatically assigned to 1 of 5 concordance categories.Inclusion criteria were met by 43 individuals who underwent epilepsy surgery and by 73 non‐surgical individuals with epilepsy. Compared to the gold standard analysis, both pipelines resulted in significantly higher Dice scores and lower mean distances (p < 0.05). The combination of both provided localizing results in 85/116 cases, compared to 54/116 generated by the current gold standard analysis and the ictal image alone produced localizing results in 60/116 (52%) cases.We propose a new ictal single‐photon emission computed tomography protocol; it finds relevantly more ictal hyperperfusion, and halves the radiation dose in about half of the individuals. ANN NEUROL 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]