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An investigation was carried out at Horticultural Instructional Farm, C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar during 2019-20. The results showed that the peak population of thrips during the 5th week of November i.e., 48th SMW, whereas, peak activity of aphid was found during the 4th week of November i.e., 47th SMW. The population of mealybug was noticed during the 24th to 26th SMW of June. The highest number of coccinellids were recorded during the 4th week of November i.e., 47th SMW, whereas, the activity of chrysopids was remained maximum during the 3rd week of November i.e., 46th SMW. The correlation co-efficient of pomegranate thrips and aphid with maximum and minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and wind velocity were found negative, highly significant. The results of mealybug revealed that maximum and minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity, sunshine hours and rainfall distribution were found positive non-significant. While, coccinellids showed negative highly significant correlation with maximum temperature, morning relative humidity and wind velocity. Whereas, chrysopids showed that the minimum temperature and wind velocity were negative but highly significant and morning relative humidity showed a negative significant relationship. The population of coccinellids and chrysopids showed a highly significant and positive correlation with thrips and aphid population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii, is one of the most destructive invasive pests introduced to India from the American subcontinent during the nineteenth century. For ecofriendly management of L.trifoliiihe experiment was conducted at horticulture farm, College of Horticulture, S. D. Agricultural University, Jagudan (Mehsana), Gujarat in the rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22. Nine botanical insecticides were tested and among that neem seed kernel extract at 5% was significantly superior and recorded the lowest damage (9.80%) which was statistically at par with tobacco decoction at 2% (10.52%) and azadirachtin at 1500 ppm (11.13%). Similarly, based on the number of mines per three compound leaves, neem seed kernel extract at 5% demonstrated superior efficacy by recording the lowest number of mines (10.59 mines/3 compound leaves). The application of neem seed kernel extract at 5% resulted in the highest tomato fruit yield, harvesting 449.16 q/ha, a result on par with azadirachtin at 1500 ppm (445.83 q/ha) and tobacco decoction at 2% (436.00 q/ha). The incorporation of biopesticides into the management strategy presents a promising avenue for sustainable and environmentally friendly tomato production in protected cultivation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was carried out at Horticultural Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar during 2019-20. The result of the field study revealed that, among the different bio-rationals treatments evaluated against sucking pests of pomegranate, Azadirachtin 10000 ppm (30 ml/10 lit.) was found to be the most superior bio-rational against thrips of pomegranate, followed by Lecanicillium lecanii (1 x 109 efu/g) (40 g/10 lit.) and B. bassiana (1 x 109 efu/g) (40 g/10 lit.), whereas, L. lecanii (1 x 109 efu/g) (40g/10 lit.) had registered the most effective treatment against pomegranate aphid followed by B. bassiana (1 x 109 efu/g) (40 g/10 lit.) and Azadirachtin 10000 ppm (30 ml/10 lit.). Karanj oil (20 ml/10 lit.) + 0.1% soap solution was found to be least effective against thrips and aphid on pomegranate. All the bio-rationals were non-toxic to coccinellids and chrysopids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was carried out at Horticultural Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar during 2019-20. Results revealed that the Spinosad 45 SC (0.036%) was found to be the most effective against pomegranate thrips, followed by Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.0072%) and Clothianidin 50 WDG (0.025%). While for the management of pomegranate aphid Clothianidin 50 WDG @ (0.025%) gave excellent results, followed by Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.0072%). While, Dinotefuran 20 SG (0.0055%) was found least effective treatment against sucking pests of pomegranate. Whereas, effect of newer molecules on natural enemies revealed that, Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.0072%) was the safest insecticide on coccinellids, followed by Spinosad 45 SC (0.036%), whereas, Thiamethoxam 25 WG (0.0084%) had the most harmful effect to the coccinellids in pomegranate. In case of chrysopids, Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD (0.0072%) and Spinosad 45 SC (0.036%) were proved to be the least harmful treatments, whereas, Thiamethoxam 25 WG (0.0084%) and Clothianidin 50 WDG (0.025%) had the detrimental effect to the chrysopids in pomegranate eco-system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2 with a right Martindale quotient ring Qr and an extended centroid C. Let F be a non zero generalized derivation of R and S be the set of evaluations of a non central valued multilinear polynomial f(x1, ..., xn) over C. Let p, q ∈ R be such that pF²(u)u + F²(u)uq = 0 for all u ∈ S. Then for all x ∈holds: 1. there exists a ∈ Qr is central valued on R and there exists a ∈ Qr such that F(x) = ax with pa² + a²q = 0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a non commutative prime ring of characteristic different from 2, U be the Utumi quotient ring of R with the extended centroid C, f(x1, ... , xn) a multilinear polynomial over C which is not central valued on R, f(R) the set of all evaluations of the polynomial f (x1, ... , xn). Suppose F and G are two nonzero generalized derivations on R and let p, q, ∈ R be such that f(R) satisfies the differential identity In this paper we prove that, if R does not satisfy the standard identity s4, then either R satisfies (1) or f(x1, ... , xn)2 is central valued on R. Moreover, in both cases we describe all possible forms of generalized derivations F and G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To upgrade grey water for higher-purpose reuse in decentralized systems, simple process unit operations for mineralization of bulk organic matter and removal of non- or slowly degradable particles are required. We conducted two 16-day experiments on light grey water, using a shallow, open to the air reactor of 2 m × 0.6 m × 0.05 m, equipped with a 0.05 m thick polyamide net to support passively aerated biofilm, and applying a gravity-driven batch flow-mode at 1.44 m3/day, first with full drainage of each batch (60 L), then with only half drainage (30 L), leaving a stagnant water layer behind. Turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids were significantly reduced in both experiments, documenting the passive aeration to be efficient, and some sedimentation to take place. Despite 50% shorter hydraulic residence time, the biofilm developed faster and was better distributed in the half drainage experiment, endorsing this principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be prime ring of characteristic different from 2 and F, G, and H are generalized derivations on R. Let U be Utumi quotient ring of R with extended centroid C and be a multilinear polynomial over C which is not central valued on R. If for all and give the complete possible forms of the mappings F, G, and H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitroimidazole substituted at 2nd position of imidazole showing potent biological activities. Two series of nitroimidazole compounds, 5-(1-(substituted)-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-4-(furan-2- yl))thiazol-2-amine and 6-(1-(substituted)ethyl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-(furan-2-yl)-4H- 1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-amine were synthesized. Synthesized compound were screened against, Clostridium sporogenus and Bacteriodes fragililis. Compound 67-c and 68-c substitued with amino thaidaizine ring showing good activity amongst the series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let be a unital prime Banach algebra over complex field with unity and be a nonzero continuous linear generalized derivation associated with a nonzero continuous linear derivation . In this paper, we investigate the commutativity of . In particular, we prove that a unital prime Banach algebra is commutative if one of the following holds; (i) either or , (ii) either or , for sufficiently many , for any complex numbers and an integer . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huge livestock population of India is under threat by a large number of endemic infectious (bacterial, viral, and parasitic) diseases. These diseases are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly in exotic and crossbred cattle. Beside morbidity and mortality, economic losses by these diseases occur through reduced fertility, production losses, etc. Some of the major infectious diseases which have great economic impact on Indian dairy industries are tuberculosis (TB), Johne’s disease (JD), mastitis, tick and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs), foot and mouth disease, etc. The development of effective strategies for the assessment and control of infectious diseases requires a better understanding of pathogen biology, host immune response, and diseases pathogenesis as well as the identification of the associated biomarkers. Indigenous cattle (Bos indicus) are reported to be comparatively less affected than exotic and crossbred cattle. However, genetic basis of resistance in indigenous cattle is not well documented. The association studies of few of the genes associated with various diseases, namely, solute carrier family 11 member 1, Toll-like receptors 1, with TB; Caspase associated recruitment domain 15, SP110 with JD; CACNA2D1, CD14 with mastitis and interferon gamma, BoLA -DRB3.2 alleles with TTBDs, etc., are presented. Breeding for genetic resistance is one of the promising ways to control the infectious diseases. High host resistance is the most important method for controlling such diseases, but till today no breed is total immune. Therefore, work may be undertaken under the hypothesis that the different susceptibility to these diseases are exhibited by indigenous and crossbred cattle is due to breed-specific differences in the dealing of infected cells with other immune cel ls, which ultimately influence the immune response responded against infections. Achieving maximum resistance to these diseases is the ultimate goal, is technically possible to achieve, and is permanent. Progress could be enhanced through introgression of resistance genes to breeds with low resistance. The quest for knowledge of the genetic basis for infectious diseases in indigenous livestock is strongly warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years 2006-07 and 2007- 08 on the experimental area of Department of Horticulture, RBS College, Bichpuri, Agra to determine the effect of cultivars planting dates and mulching on yield and economics of turmeric. The results indicated that the Pant pitabh was the most suitable variety under the agro climatic conditions of Agra by giving significantly higher fresh marketable yield (233.52 q/ha) of rhizome over all other varieties. The higher net income ₹61957 / ha with highest B:C ratio (1.19: 1) was also obtained by this variety. The planting dates also significantly influenced the yield of rhizomes. The planting of rhizome on 30th April gave significantly higher yield (234.70 q/ha) over other dates of planting and also obtained higher net return ( 61662 /ha) with maximum B:C ratio (1.19: 1). The mulching was assessed much favorable to ensure productively of turmeric due to being long duration and water loving crop and it was found economically viable too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nine nitroimidazoles drugs representing different class were found in the literature to have their respective half wave potential and one electron reduction potential measure under near-identical conditions. The structures of these nine nitroimidazoles were optimized, and resulting physicochemical parameters were regressed against one electron reduction potential (OERPs). A very significant linear correlation (QSAR) was found between OERPs and Extended Huckel Partial Atomic Charges. These findings suggest that it may be possible to estimate OERPs of nitroimidazole in advance to its synthesis. Insofar as the OERPs correlating to DNA damage, radiosensitization efficiency, aerobic cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and hypoxic cytotoxicity; the Extended Huckel Partial Atomic Charges can predict well all these biological activity prior to synthesis of novel nitroimidazoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nitroheterocyclic compounds have proved to be very effective antimicrobial agents and very valuable member of limited armamentarium of antiprotozoal agents. A number of 5-nitoimidazole with substitution at 2-position with various substitutent are found to modify the antibacterial spectrum. Some 2-substituted nitroimidazole analogues were designed, synthesized and characterized. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial sensitivity against Gram-positive anaerobe (C. sporogenus) and Gramnegative anaerobe (B.fragilis) using macro broth dilution method. All the synthesized compounds exhibit good activity at 10 mcg/ml against Gram-negative anaerobe compared to standard control tinidazole and metronidazole, while remain inactive against Gram-positive anaerobe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ni(II) complex of novel, 2-(1-(substituted)-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-(substituted) ethanone have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, molar conductivity, 1HNMR, MASS. Novel 2-nitroimidazole act as a bidentate ligand through the 3-N of imidazole ring and C=O, at 2-position of nitroimidazole, which coordinate the metal ion give rise to 4-coordinate tetrahedral Ni(II) complex. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was determined by using cylinder plate method. The compounds were found to be more active than ligand against Gram-positive bacteria, B. Pumilus ATCC 14884, S. aureus ATCC 29737 and Gram negative bacteria, S. aboney NCTC 6017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking in to consideration of diverse biological activities of coumarin and thiazole derivatives, attempts have been made to attach a thiazole side chain at C-3 position of coumarin. In addition, to expand the structural diversity of synthetic courmarins for biological functions, the morpholine fusion at 2nd position of thiazole was also attempted. The compounds MM3M1 was synthesized keeping coumarin-3-yl constant at fifth position, morpholine at 2nd position and phenyl moiety at 4th position of thiazole nucleus. The compounds MM3M2, MM3M3 and MM3M4 were synthesized keeping coumarin-3- yl constant at fifth position, morpholine at 2nd position and introducing electron withdrawing group (-Cl) at ortho, meta and para position respectively in phenyl moiety at 4th position of thiazole nucleus. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their invitro antibacterial and anti-platelet activity. On the basis of structure-activity relationship studies of synthesized MM3M1- MM3M4 it can be concluded that presence of 2-chlorophenyl group at the 4th position of the thiazole contributes significantly to antibacterial and anti-platelet activity profile of the candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to promote understanding of types of consumers in India in organized retail sector. The main objective of the study was to identify and categorize the types of consumers visiting the organized retail stores. For collecting the primary data, at each store 30 samples were selected for this purpose based on convenience. The data collection method was an informal interview and discussions with consumers for about 15 to 20 minutes at the exit door of the three identified organized retail stores operating in Ahmadabad .The original identity of the respondents and store is disguised by coding. The findings of the consumers' categories were identified through the conversational interviews. The consumers were then finally categorized based on findings are described as, Economic Consumers, Hedonist Consumers, Moralistic Consumers, Active (Involved) and Inactive Consumers, Definite and Indefinite Consumers, Individualistic Consumers, Recreational Consumers. There was an implicit recognition of qualitative data management as an iterative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents studies on the long term pumping behavior of a cryopump. It is shown that the pumping speed does not deteriorate on a time scale of 4200 s for a gas load of 2.4×105 torr l, corresponding to ∼106 ML of hydrogen. It has also been observed that the need for regeneration of the pump is dictated by the safety limits of operation rather than its pumping capability. No sudden boil off of the cryogen takes place during the regeneration phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cysticercus fasciolaris (Strobilocercus), larval stage of Taenia taeniaeformis, is having a zoonotic importance as important rodent parasite. In a month round study on 10 laboratory rats, on P-M examination 5 were having white nodules on liver surface later identified as Cysticercus fasciolaris (Strobilocercus) based on morphological characteristics. Intestinal parasites were identified as Hymenolepis diminuta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was aimed to increase the solubility of the poorly water soluble drug benfotiamine using hydrophilic polymers (PVP K-30 and HPMC E4). Solid dispersions were prepared by kneading method. Phase solubility study, in-vitro dissolution of pure drug, physical mixtures and solid dispersions were carried out. PVP and HPMC were found to be effective in increasing the dissolution of Benfotiamine in solid dispersions when compared to pure drug. FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies were carried out in order to characterize the drug and solid dispersion. To conclude that, the prepared solid dispersion of PVP-30 may to effectively used for the enhancement of solubility of poorly water soluble drugs such as benfotiamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Enteric fever is a public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Salmonella sp causing enteric fever is changing over time and also differs according to geographical location. Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella sp is mandatory for management of enteric fever rationally. The objective of this study was to analyze the resistance pattern of Salmonella sp to commonly used antimicrobials. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study undertaken reviewing the records of blood isolates of Salmonella sp over one year period at Kanti Children's Hospital, Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done following Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion technique using Muller Hinton agar. Results: Salmonella typhi was found to be 100% resistance to ampicillin and resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was also high. The resistance to chloramphenicol and of loxacin was low. No resistance was found to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and amikacin. However, among the sensitive isolates of Salmonella typhi intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime was reported to be high. Among the isolates of S paratyphi A, the resistance to nalidixic acid was 100% followed by 75% to ciprofloxacin. No resistance was found to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefixime, amikacin and low resistance to amoxicillin and of loxacin. Among the sensitive isolates of S paratyphi A, majority of them were only moderately sensitive to cefotaxime and ceftazidime and about 1/3 of the organisms had only intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone. Conclusiion: Commonly used parenteral third generation cephalosporins, first line drugs like chloramphenicol and amoxicillin and of loxacin among fluoroquinolones were found to be effective in vitro in treating enteric fever. However, Salmonella typhi was found to be highly resistant to the most frequently used drugs like ciprofloxacin and cefixime and Salmonella paratyphi A to ciprofloxacin. A comparative chart of antimicrobial sensitivity of enteric fever in children over 10 year period from different hospitals of Kathmandu valley is also presented in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a form of primary immunodeficiency disorder characterised by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent sino-pulmonary infections. Its diagnosis is based on the presence of low serum IgG (< 2 SD below normal for age) with or without low IgA/ IgM levels and presentation beyond two years of age. These children also have disorders of autoimmunity with majority of them presenting as autoimmune cytopenias, predominantly thrombocytopenia and some having anaemia and neutropenias. Here we report a nine years old boy with past history of recurrent pneumonia, presenting this episode with fungal pneumonia, thrombocytopenia and anaemia eventually diagnosed as CVID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor diagnosed mostly in children below the age of five years and comprises of about 15 % of all paediatric cancer deaths. Tumor initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be targeted for better treatment approaches. BASP1-AS1 is a long non coding (Lnc) RNA that is a divergent LncRNA for its coding gene brain abundant membrane attached signal protein 1 (BASP1). We had earlier demonstrated it to be expressed in foetus derived human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), where it was a positive regulator of BASP1 and was critical for neural differentiation. In this study, we have investigated the role of BASP1-AS1 in CSCs derived from the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. We cultured SH-SY5Y cells on Poly-d-Lysine coated flasks in serum free media supplemented with growth factors, which led to the enrichment of CSCs as determined by marker expression. When grown on ultra-low attachment flasks, these cells formed CSCs enriched neurospheres. We examined the effects of BASP1-AS1 siRNA mediated knockdown on CSCs enriched SH-SY5Y cells and SH-SY5Y derived neurospheres. BASP1-AS1 knockdown decreased the levels of the corresponding gene BASP1 and the rate of cell proliferation of CSCs enriched cells along with low expression of Ki67. It also reduced the mRNA levels of stem cell and pluripotency gene markers (CD133, CD44, c-KIT, SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG), as also Wnt 2 and the Wnt pathway effector β catenin. It also abrogated the formation of neurospheres in ultra-low attachment flasks. A similar effect on proliferation and stemness related properties was seen on BASP1 knockdown. BASP1-AS1 and its related pathways may provide a point of intervention for the CSCs population in neuroblastoma., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks (CD MOFs) represent an innovative class of materials with remarkable properties and a broad range of applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis techniques, structural characterization, and diverse applications of CD-MOFs. By combining cyclodextrins (CDs) with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), CD-MOFs are developed with enhanced functionality. The synthesis methods, including various metal sources, coordination modes, and post-synthesis modifications, are discussed alongside advanced structural characterization techniques like X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. The unique characteristics of CD-MOFs, such as high specific surface area, tunable porosity, and customizable chemical structure, make them exceptional candidates for applications in gas adsorption, drug delivery, catalysis, sensing, and environmental remediation. Notably, CD-MOFs show significant promise as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems, offering improved therapeutic outcomes due to their efficient encapsulation and controlled release capabilities. The review highlights recent advancements and underscores the potential impact of CD-MOFs in driving future innovations across various scientific fields., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Influenza, a highly transmissible respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses A and B, poses a persistent threat to global public health due to its high mutation rate, ability to develop resistance to existing antiviral drugs, and capacity for rapid spread. Current treatment options, including four main classes of antiviral agents-adamantanes, neuraminidase inhibitors, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, and polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitors- are limited by the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains, non-specific drug distribution, and adverse side effects. Moreover, the effectiveness of traditional vaccines is often compromised by antigenic drift and shift, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. This review comprehensively explores the potential of novel targeted drug delivery systems to address these limitations and improve influenza management. Nanotechnology-based platforms, including lipid-based, polymer-based, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles, offer enhanced drug delivery through improved bioavailability, targeted action, and controlled release, thus minimizing systemic toxicity and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Inhalation delivery systems such as dry powder inhalers (DPIs), nebulizers, and nanotechnology-based inhalation formulations provide direct delivery of antiviral agents to the respiratory tract, ensuring rapid onset of action with reduced systemic side effects. Transdermal delivery methods, including microneedle patches and hydrogel-based systems, offer non-invasive alternatives that enhance patient compliance and allow for sustained drug release. Furthermore, this review discusses recent innovations, such as responsive drug delivery systems and multifunctional nanoparticles capable of simultaneous delivery of multiple therapeutic agents, representing a significant advancement in the fight against influenza. These novel approaches promise improved targeting and efficacy and enable personalized treatment strategies, enhancing patient outcomes in both seasonal flu and pandemic scenarios. Integrating these advanced drug delivery systems into clinical practice could revolutionize the management of influenza, offering a promising pathway toward more effective and safer therapies., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)