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Agricultural specialization has increased considerably in Europe over the last decades, leading to the separation of crop and livestock production at both farm and regional levels. Such a transformation is often associated with higher environmental burdens due to excessive reliance on exogenous inputs and manure management issues. Reconnecting crop and livestock production via mixed farming systems (MFSs) could improve circularity and resilience, leading to reduced environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the life cycle environmental performance of a commercial mixed crop–dairy cattle farm in Romania and to compare it against the corresponding specialized systems. The evaluation covered both dairy cattle production (milk and meat) and cash crops. Overall, the results show that the coupled system improves environmental performance by reducing the over-reliance on high-impact inputs like synthetic fertilizers and exogenous feed. The carbon footprint for the milk production of the studied system (1.17 kg CO2 eq.) per kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) was 10% lower than the mean value of common intensive milk production systems. The eutrophication impacts (2.52 × 10−4 kg P eq and 2.67 × 10−4 kg N eq./kg of FPCM) presented values of one order of magnitude less than their specialized counterparts. However, the impacts of the studied MFS, albeit lower than those for comparable specialized systems, still remain relatively high. In particular, methane emissions from enteric fermentation (0.54 kg CO2 eq./kg FPCM) were a major contributor to the carbon footprint. This highlighted the need to address the elevated emissions from enteric fermentation with better feed management, as well as improving and reinforcing the system's self-sufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major challenges of animal husbandry, in addition to those related to the economic situation and the current energy crisis, is the major contribution of this sector to atmospheric pollution. Awareness of pollution sources and their permanent monitoring in order to ensure efficient management of the farm, with the aim of reducing emissions, is a mandatory issue, both at the macro level of the economic sector and at the micro level, specifically at the level of each individual farm. In this context, the acquisition of consistent environmental data from the level of each farm will constitute a beneficial action both for the decision-making system of the farm and for the elaboration or adjustment of strategies at the national level. The current paper proposes a case study of air pollutants in a cattle farm for different seasons (winter and summer) and the correlation between their variation and microclimate parameters. A further comparison is made between values estimated using the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, 2019) methodology for air pollutant emission and values measured by sensors in a hybrid decision support platform for farms. Results show that interactions between microclimate and pollutant emissions exist and they can provide a model for the farm's activities that the farmer can manage according to the results of the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of average performances in a population is very important. Regarding to a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value. That minds that the studies of the average value of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. The biological material is represented by 177 Hucul horse from HROBY bloodline divided in 6 stallion families analyzed at 18, 30 and 42 months old, owned by Lucina Hucul stood farm. The average performances for thoracic perimeter was 149.58 cm. at 18 months, 160.21 cm. at 30 months old and 166.97 cm. at 42 months old. We can observe a good growth rate from one age to another and significant differences between sexes. The average performances of the character are between characteristic limits of the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is another just part for an ample study regarding evolution of species from Cervidae family in Romania. The programme is developed in collaboration with Romanian Hunter's Federation. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the reality, to find causes and to elaborate long term strategies in direction of biodiversity conservation, especially for wild game. In the last years the Romanian hunters indicate that the number of roe deer population decreasing, because of intensive agriculture and also because of high number of predators (bear, wolf and lynx population). We analyze the official data from national evaluation of sedentary game in Calarasi County. Hunting territories in this area are managed by National Forest Authority, county associations of hunters and other associations for conservation of biodiversity and management of hunting territories. We analyse cervidae real livestock between by counties, by sexes, and in comparison with optimal livestock (maximal number of individuals who can leave in a hunting area, without causing damage to the agricultural fields or in the forest). Considering the new agricultural technics and technologies it is relatively normal to find a numerical depreciation of wild game. But for cervidae populations, in analysed period in Calarasi County, we find a good and representative population. The differences between what can be saw in hunting territories and what is reported was analyzed. We can say that the evaluation, the official evaluation, is not perfect and we must work together to know exactly the livestocks and to develop a long term strategy for conservation of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of important ancestors give us information about breeding methodic in analized population (origins, selection on ascendants) and also about possibilities of breed evolution (small number of ancestors, maintaining the genetic similarity with remarkable ancestors or the preference for descendants of certain individuals, may lead to inbreeding and genetic drift).In pedigrees of Gidran horse, from Tulucesti studfarm, was identified 104 male ancestors. It was ordered by three criteria: the kinship with sire stallions, the relationship with brood mares, and with the population, as a whole (reproductive nucleus, stallions and mares) at that time. The results highlight the fact that the kinship share of male ascendants in the population is between 0% and 19.46%. Eight stallions have a higher genetic resemblance to the population, ranging from 15.84% to 19.46%. The relatively small differences between sire stallions reveal concerns for maintaining a large number of males, necessary to avoid inbreeding and to ensure a normal population evolution under reproductive isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, was selected from a natural population breed in Carpathian Mountains. The aim of this paper was to estimate variance at 12 body measurements using 23 females from Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed. The animals were registered with the Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania. In order to develop a genetic improvement program at this effective of 23 females from Romanian Sheperd Dog breed, found in evidence of Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania, should be considered the following conclusions on variance those 12 characters studied in this paper, respectively, there is a large variance for the height at the middle back, the height at the croup, the height at the base of the tail, the width of the croup, the length of the tail, the depth of the thorax, the thorax perimeter, the height of the elbow and for the height at the withers, the body length and the height at the hocks, the variance is middle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of average performances in a population have a huge importance because, regarding a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value. So, the studies of the average value of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. The biological material is represented by 93 Hucul horse from Prislop bloodline divided in 3 stallion families analyzed at 18, 30 and 42 months old, owned by Lucina Hucul stood farm. The average performances for cannon bone perimeter were 17.25 cm at 18 months, 18 cm at 30 months old and 18.57 cm at 42 months old. We can observe a good growth rate from one age to another and significant differences between sexes. The average performances of the character are between characteristic limits of the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Generally cattle produce 95% of the total milk from the market, over 33% of meat production, 90% of all raw hides and 75% of the livestock manure. Romania can ensure forage for seven millions cattle. At present, there are 2.162.013 cattle, of which 1.231.857 dairy cows. Based on this situation requires a review of breeding strategies and the distribution of species and breeds in different geographical areas. The preservation of natural resources as a support for biological, social and economic life is the key for sustainable development of society. In last years it has imported and other breeds of cattle. Montbéliarde breed has adapted very well to the climatic conditions and plant resources in our country. In France, the country of origin, it is considered a milk breed with the average milk yield about 7500 kg/normal lactation (305 days),3.8 to 3.9% fat and 3.45% protein. The total number of Montbeliarde dairy cows is at present in Romania over 2000, of which 676 animals in official control of production. The current study was conducted in three farms in the south of Romania. In these farms animals have been brought from France, heifers in pregnancy months IV-VII. After the end of the first lactation, production data were recorded and statistically analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed on a number of 379 primiparous cows. It was noted that the main parameters of production showed variations between farms. Thus, the duration of lactation had values between 314-330 days, with implications on the quantity of milk and the reproduction activity. Regarding the average quantity of milk per cow values were recorded between 5646 and 6320 kg milk and fat percentage of 4.14, respectively 3.80%. The production values are influenced by many factors (conditions of feeding, milking, sheltering) and they influence the total quantity of milk for processing, and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non additive genetic component that is at the base of a quantitative character has no predictability; this is the reason for which the present paper is proposing to appreciate the special combinative capacity for mean efficiency at slaughter, in Timis county breeders New Zealand White, Large Chinchilla and Californian. The statistic analyze of the data obtained, shows a good special combinative capacity for this character, reason for which the breeding scheme is recommended for producing individuals destined for slaughterhouses. This scheme provides an exploitation of the high fervency of the heterozygote at maternal forms and at the final hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non additive genetic component that is the base of a quantitative character has no predictability, this is the reason for which the present paper is proposing to appreciate the special combinatory capacity for corporal mass of the descendants at birth in a specific crossing scheme combining three rabbit breeds common for average nest weight and corporal mass of the descendants at the age of 7 days, in Timis county breeders New Zealand White, Large Chinchilla and Californian. The data obtained, statistic presented prove a good special combinative capacity for this character, reason for which the crossing scheme is recommended for producing meat individuals destined for slaughterhouses. This scheme provides an exploitation of the high fervency of the heterozygote at maternal forms and at the final hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of the Romania in the EU is imposing a special attention to hunting animals populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the hunting population for the 13th species, in the period 2007-2011, in the hunting terrain 54 Padureni, from Forest Domain - Lunca Timişului, with a total surface of 11,963ha. The paper shows that form the 13th species studied 5 were not identified on this hunting terrain Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.), Wildcat (Felis silvestres L), European Pine Marten (Martes martes L.), Least Weasel (Mustela nivolis L.) Muskrat (Ondatra zibethica L.). For the other species identified the individuals number evolution demonstrated that there is a god correlation between the number of individuals and it-s biogenic capacity. Also the paper recommends a special attention to natural selection and the efficient use of artificial selection, especially for the following 3 species: Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus L.), Wild hog (Sus scrofa L.) and Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper work is to optimize the sex ratio in a selection plan, according to model developed by King (1961), which will be proposed to be applied for prolificacy improvement in Prolific Line Palas. The method used in this paper work is modeling, which exist in the most animal breeding scientifically papers. After the simulations, we observed that the most convenient variant was that which prefigure use of 13 rams on reproduction activity. This variant offer a genetic gain per generation by 0.47497 additive standard deviations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper work is to optimize the population structure in a selection plan, according to model developed by King (1961), which will be proposed to be applied for prolificacy improvement in Prolific Line Palas. The method used in this paper work is modeling, which exist in the most animal breeding scientifically papers. After the simulations, we observed that the most convenient variant was that which prefigure a weight of two groups by 70% (A) and 30% (B). This variant offer a genetic gain per generation by 0.452 additive standard deviations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the genetic markers and identifying new markers involves an increasing number of research projects in the fields of genetics of immunology, biochemical genetics, molecular genetics, quantity genetics and the genetic improvement of animals. Some studies on genes frequency determining the red cells specificity and for whey hemoglobin are approached in the present report. In this way, some blood factors, most of them belonging to B system (the most complex system in cattle) have been evidenced. The lowest gene frequency was present in K factor (7%), and highest one in, O1, G', W and F1 (100%). In addition to basic importance on knowledge and determination of cattle population genetic structure for studied protein loci, another theme proposed to correlate hemoglobin type with some traits of economical importance: milk yield, fat and protein content, fat and protein yield. Higher performance was recorded by HbA/HbA individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches were making on cow milk samples from three Falticeni area loclities. Studied characters were mill production, fat percent, protein percent, and somatic cell count. There were analyzed the milk samples with SOMACOUNT to "Dorna Lactate" and dates have been discussed with MATLAB program. The phenotypical correlation values have been varied between +0,356 ÷ +0,542 for fat percent and protein percent; +0,080 ÷ +0,218 for fat percent and somatic cell count, -0,005 ÷ +0,117 for protein percent and somatic cell count; +0,012 ÷ +0,226 for milk production and fat percent; -0,643 ÷ +0,010 for milk production and protein percent and -0,467 ÷ -0,114 for milk production and somatic cell count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of the Romania in the UE, is imposing a special attention to hunting animals populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the hunting population for the 13th species, in the period 2006-2010, in the hunting terrain 56 Chevereş, from Forest Domain - Lunca Timişului, with a total surface of 9109ha. After the observations were performed, the present paper is stating that on this hunting ground had no good correlation between the number of individuals and the biogenic capacity of the hunting fond at the following species: Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), Roe Deer (Caproleus Caproleus L.), Wild hog (Sus scrofa L.), European hare (Lepus europaeus P.), in turn at the rest of the studied species the correlation is good. For the species in regress the observations are recommending the following with attention of the natural selection and the improvement of the artificial selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non additive genetic component that is the base of a quantitative character has no predictability, this is the reason for which the present paper is proposing to appreciate the special combinatory capacity for corporal mass of the descendants at birth in a specific crossing scheme combining three rabbit breeds common for total gain and average daily gain the finishing period (30- 80 days), in Timis county breeders New Zealand White, Large Chinchilla and Californian. The data obtained, statistic presented prove a good special combinative capacity for this character, reason for which the crossing scheme is recommended for producing meat individuals destined for slaughterhouses. This scheme provides an exploitation of the high fervency of the heterozygote at maternal forms and at the final hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial reproduction of Polyodon spathula (Walbaum 1792) species is final step for successfully acclimatization to a specifically environment conditions. After reproduction samples formation, those are injected with carp hypophysis, sturgeon hypophysis, LHR Ha, Nerestin 5A and HCG-Chorulon. The roe sampling was made by MIST method and for semen was used specifically syringes. After fecundation and dissolution, 1.6 kg roe were incubation in special incubators. During the incubation was determinate the embryonic percent and was applied the specific antibacterial and antifungicidal treatments. After eclosion, hatchlings were parked 10 days in Nucet incubators and 250 1 carafes. The best results for gonads stimulation were obtained at Nerestin (95-100%) and LHR Ha (80-100%). The experience was made in 6 years, 2002-2007 period. Consonant with obtained results in 6 years we appreciate that acclimatization of Polyodon spathula (Walbaum 1792) species was a success. Was demonstrated that can realized artificial reproduction; obtain viable products and were perfected the main steps for technological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of the Romania in the E.U. requires a special attention for to the game populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the game for the 6 species during 2010-2015, on the hunting terrain 29 Surduc, from Forest Domain - Faget, with a total area of 15,500 ha. The study shows that from the 6 species monitored, one was not identified on this hunting terrain, Fallow Deer (Dama dama L). For the other species identified numerical evolution of the population demonstrated that there is a good correlation between the number of individuals and their biogenic capacity. We recommend carefully monitoring of the natural selection and the efficient use of artificial breeding especially for the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) specie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farming livestock—cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and chickens—contributes to the air pollution of the atmosphere. Agricultural air pollution comes mainly in the form of ammonia, which enters the air as a gas from heavily fertilized fields and livestock waste. A reduction in air pollutants from the livestock sector can be achieved by reducing production and consumption, lowering the emission intensity of production, or combining the two. This work proposes an approach for assessing the air pollutant emissions derived from intensive cattle farming. For doing this, the animal feed, the animal behavior, and characteristics and the stable environment data are monitored and collected by a cloud platform. Specifically, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are installed in the farm and key air pollutant parameters from the stable environment (such as CO, NH3, PM1, PM2.5, PM10) are monitored. In this scope, a study about monitoring air pollutants is conducted, showing the most relevant platforms used in this domain. Additionally, the paper presents a comparison between the estimated and monitored air pollutants (AP), showing the fluctuation of the measured parameters. The key takeaway of the study is that ammonia concentration has a higher level during the night, being influenced by the ventilation system of the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of the Romania in the E.U., is imposing a special attention to game populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the game for the 13 species during 2009-2013, on the hunting terrain 65 Giera, from Forest Domain - Lunca Timişului, with a total surface of 11,974 ha. The study shows that form the 13 species monitored, 3 were not identified on this hunting terrain Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), European Pine Marten (Martes martes L.). For the other species identified the population evolution in number demonstrated that there is a god correlation between the number of individuals and its biogenic capacity. We recommend careful monitoring of the natural selection and the efficient use of artificial breeding especially for the European hare (Lepus europaeus P.) specie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of the Romania in the E.U. is imposing a special attention to game populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the hunting population for the 13 species during 2008-2012, on the hunting terrain 66 Tolvadia, from Forest Domain - Lunca Timisului, with a total surface of 12,557 ha. The study shows that form the 13 species monitored, 3 were not identified on this hunting terrain Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), European Pine Marten (Martes martes L.). For the other species identified the population evolution in number demonstrated that there is a god correlation between the number of individuals and its biogenic capacity. Also the study shows that a special attention to natural selection and the efficient use of artificial selection is needed, especially for the following 3 species: Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.), Wild hog (Sus scrofa L.) and Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of this paper were microbiological parameters which characterized the Telemea cheese for each season, assessment of technologies and thus assortment defects as well as projection of hygienic solution for obtaining qualitative products according to actual standards. We studied 5 units of Telemea cheese processing replaced in different area. For obtaining concrete results we used STAS methodologies and analyze procedure was based on observation, mathematical estimation and experiments (in lab and processing units). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Researches Regarding the Embryonic Development of Polyodon spathula Species in C.C.D.P. Nucet Conditions," is presented.

Objectives: Medical laboratories may, at their own discretion, exceed but not undercut regulatory quality requirements. Available economic resources, however, may drive or hinder eagerness to exceed minimum requirements. Depending on the respective scopes of regulatory and economic framework conditions, differing levels of quality efforts to safeguard laboratory performance can be anticipated. However, this has not yet been investigated., Methods: Immunohaematology external quality assessment (EQA) results collected by 26 EQA providers from their participant laboratories in 73 countries from 2004 to 2019 were evaluated. Error rates were aggregated in groups according to the respective national regulatory and economic framework conditions, to whether or not expert advice was provided in case of incorrect results, and the frequency of EQA samples., Results: These representative data indicate no association between national regulatory (mandatory participation in EQA, monitoring of performance of individual laboratories by authorities, financial consequences of incorrect results) and economic (level of national income, share of national health expenditure) conditions to the quality performance of medical laboratories in immunohaematology. However, EQA providers' support for laboratories in the event of incorrect results appear to be associated with lower error rates, but a high EQA sample frequency with higher error rates., Conclusions: Further research into the impact of introducing or changing services of EQA providers is needed to confirm the results found in this first of its kind study., (© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.)