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Introduction: Thick histological samples are difficult to image without proper tissue clearing methods. Among these methods ethyl cinnamate (ECi)-based clearing preserves antigenicity and is compatible with immunofluorescent labeling. In contrast to many other clearing protocols, ECi-based clearing is fast and is done as a final step after standard immunofluorescent labeling protocols. Aim: We aimed to develop a simple method of ECi-based tissue clearing approach of thick (100 µm) sections attached to a slide glass. Materials and methods: Samples of human colorectal cancer underwent fixation and frozen section. We used indirect immunofluorescence to label Von-Willebrand factor, which is expressed in blood vessels. After completion of labeling and nuclear DAPI staining, the material was dehydrated using alcohols. Finally, the material was cleared and mounted with ECi and subsequently visualized via standard widefield epifluorescence microscopy. Image analysis of z-stacks were evaluated for the depth of visible signals and compared them to non-cleared samples. Results: Compared to the non-cleared sections, the ECi-cleared sections provided a 2.5-fold increase in the observable tissue thickness following immunofluorescent staining. Further, the proposed approach is time efficient (4 days from tissue preparation to final imaging) as compared to other tissue clearing methods and low cost as it minimizes the use of large amounts of reagents. Conclusion: ECi-based clearing is a very effective simple extension of standard immunofluorescent protocols and can be implemented in future experiments.

The incidence of gastric cancer associated with esophageal cancer is notably high. In recent years, there has been an increase in patients with gastric conduit cancers due to early detection and radical treatment of esophageal cancer, leading to prolonged survival of the patients. Metachronous gastric cancer following esophagectomy sometimes can pose a clinical challenge for surgeons, while gastric tube reconstruction is a well-established procedure accompanying esophagectomy, treating gastric cancer within the gastric tube can be difficult in contrast. Surgical treatment of gastric tube cancers is often complex and life-threatening. Early detection of gastric tube cancer is crucial for improving prognosis as it allows for less invasive surgical interventions. However, no specific guidelines for detecting gastric tube cancer have been established. In this report, we present a case of gastric tube cancer in a patient that had Ivor-Lewis surgery 20 years ago for preinvasive adenocarcinoma of the thoracic esophagus against the background of Barrett’s esophagus. Recommendations for earlier and more accurate diagnosis and treatment of this pathology are discussed.

The paper deals with calcareous soils in Golo Bardo Mountain in western Bulgaria. Until now no significant studies have been made for the soils of Golo Bardo Mountain. Our goal was to give assess data for their soil features, characteristics, main diagnostic indicators and properties in order to define the soil formation processes, as well as their complete morphological description. Eight soil profiles were studied in different parts of the mountain. Due to the carbonate soil-forming rocks, the leaching processes in these soils are extremely weak and it is usually difficult to distinguish the individual genetic horizons. In relation to the soil-forming carbonate rocks in the area, we distinguish two main soil units. The studied soils are Leptosols or Phaeozems with good fine-granular structure, dark humus horizon (mollic) and shallow soil profile Ak-ACk-CRk, lying on hard or weathered carbonate rock. In the studied mountain area with different elevation, the surface mollic horizon is usually shallower and very often eroded with fragments from calcareous rock. The soils are well stocked with organic matter. The amount of organic carbon in the surface A horizon varied from 7.4 % to 2.8%. The calcium dominates in exchange capacity of the soil over all other cations. There is no exchange acidity in these soils, except small amounts in the soil surface and in litter. The content of carbonates is an important soil-forming feature of these soils.

The paper deals with of the relations between the forest ecosystem, calcareous rocks and content and composition of soil organic matter in the Golo Bardo area in West Bulgaria. In that area Rendzinas are used mainly for forestry, viticulture and pastures. A specific study based on the accumulation of soil organic matter according to the data on the composition of the soil organic acids. The research on the soil organic matter composition provided information on the course of the humification processes in studied soils. Soil organic matter accumulation in Rendzinas depends on different factors, such as land use and climatic conditions. Soil has rapid transformations of organic residues and strongly decomposed plant tissue predominates. There are often signs of active work of the soil mesofauna. Studied soils have good reserves of organic carbon high degree of humification. The organic carbon content varies in a wide range from 0.8 to 7.2 %. The humic acids prevail over fulvic acids, and the degree of humification is higher in deeper horizons. According to the C/N ratio the humus type is Mull in almost all horizons. Studied soils are biologically active that have favorable impact over the soil structure and vegetation. Rendzinas have high potential of organic carbon sequestration.

Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is an uncommon variant of fibrosarcoma with high risk of local recurrence, immense metastatic potential and frequently protracted period between tumour presentation and metastasis. This unusual malignancy rarely affects the region of the head and neck which makes cases of laryngeal LGFMS extremely infrequent. To date, LGFMS of the larynx has been scatteredly mentioned in the literature. Neither incidence nor causes and risk factors for laryngeal LGFMS have been clarified so far. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report that discusses the clinical course, imaging diagnosis, histopathological evaluation and surgical approach to radiation-induced laryngeal LGFMS.We present a case of a 70-year-old man who developed a LGFMS after previous radiotherapy (RT) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx. The latency period between the time of radiation exposure and the diagnosis of LGFMS was twenty-seven months. After re-confirming the diagnosis with second biopsy and extensive imaging evaluation the patient was subjected to an open partial resection of the larynx. Owing to the rarity of the tumour, there is no established protocol with follow-up recommendations.This case highlights the importance of considering the RT history of the patient in order to monitor radiotherapy-related complications, including the occurrence of LGFMS.

The present study evaluated the prognostic role of circulating miRNA-618 in patients with metastatic colon cancer (mCC) and whether miR-618 gene rs2682818 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are associated with colon cancer susceptibility and expression levels of mature miR-618. In total, 104 patients with mCC before starting the chemotherapy were investigated. The expression status of circulating miR-618 in mCC was evaluated by quantitative PCR. TaqMan PCR assay was used for rs2682818 SNP genotyping. miR-618 was overexpressed in serum of mCC patients. Patients with high and intermediate expression of miR-618 had a significantly longer mean overall survival (OS) of 21 months than patients with low expression—16 months. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the association between high/intermediate levels of miRNA-618 and longer OS, HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30–0.86, p = 0.012. miR-618 rs2682818 SNP significantly decreased the risk of colon cancer susceptibility in both heterozygous codominant (AC vs. CC, OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.88, p = 0.024) and overdominant (AC vs. CC + AA, OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16–0.85, p = 0.018) genetic models. Our data suggest that circulating miRNA-618 could be useful as a prognostic biomarker in mCC. Patients harboring AC rs2682818 genotype have a decreased risk for colon cancer in comparison with patients with CC and AA genotypes.

Rhabdomyoma is a rare benign tumor formed from striated muscle tissue and according to the literature occurs quite rarely in the larynx. We present a case of a rhabdomyoma of the larynx in a 5-year-old boy with recurrent airway problems. An extracardiac juvenile rhabdomyoma is extremely rarely found in the field of otorhinolaryngology. In this report, we presented the diagnostic and therapeutic features of this tumor with the review of the literature.

In this paper, we present a methodology of GDP growth rate decomposition adapted for the Russian economy. We calculated the indicators for structural unemployment (NAWRU) and total factor productivity in Russia. We estimated the structural, foreign trade and cyclical components of GDP growth rates under various macroeconomic scenarios for the period from 2018 through 2024. The study shows that a significant contribution to growth rates for the period 2018 through 2024 will be made by the sum of the business cycle and random shock component, which, combined with the revitalization of investments in 2017, may indicate the beginning of a new cycle of economic growth in Russia. In the scenarios reviewed, the contribution from the foreign trade component will be negative from 2018 to 2024. The calculations indicate further stagnation of structural growth rates in the Russian economy from 2018 to 2024 at the level of approximately 1.5 p.p. in all of the basic macroeconomic scenarios reviewed. This points to the inexpediency in postponing structural reforms to create conditions for Russia’s economy to achieve growth rates that exceed world averages.

Serum levels of OPG and RANKL and their clinical correlations were analyzed in 66 newly–diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma (MM). RANKL and RANKL/OPG ratios were significantly increased in advanced clinical stages and high grade myeloma bone disease (MBD), while OPG showed a tendency to decrease. Renal failure modified the expression of OPG. RANKL and RANKL/OPG ratios are informative markers for myeloma tumor burden and MBD.

The present paper aims to analyse the historical and political contexts in which the Bulgarian translations of Qurʾān were created and disseminated. The history of Bulgarian translations of Qurʾān may be divided into three periods: 1900–1944, 1944–1989 and the 1990s onward. The first period is dominated by two Protestant translations from English motivated by a missionary incentive. In the second period, translations of Qurʾān were controlled by the Communist state and thus suppressed or intended to justify persecutions against Bulgarian Muslims. The third period saw the publication of multiple Bulgarian translations of the Qurʾān as well as the first rendition from Arabic. All stages are carefully and critically examined to demonstrate the relevant socio-political influence on the Qurʾān’s presence in Bulgaria. The logical progression of approaches taken by subsequent translations is also shown. The paper concludes with a systematic summary of the status of the Qurʾān in Bulgaria, thereby suggesting possible directions for future researchers and translators.

В статье дано обобщение прогрессивного опыта строительства объемно-блочных зданий, начиная с первых серий, и дальнейшее его развитие по строительству предприятий по изготовлению объемных блоков. Раскрыт поворот развития идеи объемно-блочных зданий в сторону новой технической основы, предусматривающий максимальный перенос объемов строительно-монтажных работ со строительной площадки в сферу промышленных предприятий. Одновременно показывается параллельное развитие модульного строительства. Многолетние развитие, а также накопленный отечественный и зарубежный опыт привели к новому направлению в жилищном строительстве. Возведение жилых зданий из крупногабаритных объемных блоков является важнейшим перспективным направлением. Масштабный эксперимент в этой области проводит группа компаний «МонАрх» (г. Москва), которая к настоящему времени изготавливает такие блоки и осуществляет строительство жилых зданий пятого индустриального поколения. В этом эксперименте отрабатываются вопросы проектирования блоков, расхода материалов на их изготовление, выбора монтажных и транспортных средств, организации и технологии монтажа блоков и их установки в проектное положение. В данной статье изложен подход к определению организационно-технологических параметров жилых зданий из крупногабаритных блоков. Раскрыты основные его этапы, их содержание и полученные результаты. Одновременно указывается на трудности, связанные с отсутствием соответствующей нормативной базы, необходимых монтажных и транспортных средств, а также технологической оснастки. В статье аргументирована необходимость расширения научных исследований и проектно-экспериментальных разработок, направленных на обоснование и создание эффективных организационно-технологических и управленческих решений в этом актуальном направлении развития жилищного фонда страны. Благодарности. Представленная статья подготовлена на основе доклада авторов в рамках Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Жилье и городская среда» 20–21 октября 2022 г., Москва, НИУ МГСУ.

Over the past several decades, the international community has been actively engaged in developing a safe method for isolating spent nuclear fuel, high and intermediate level radioactive wase of different degrees of heat generation in deep geological formations on the basis of regulatory requirements existing in each individual country (for example, in the Russian Federation-NP-055-14). Such a storage facility should be equipped with an engineered safety barrier system that combines a range of materials capable of ensuring the safe localization of environmentally and health-threatening nuclear power generation industry and the nuclear industry waste products, in particular. On the basis of the international experience discussed in this article on the design and operation of such facilities, the most universal material in terms of the functions performed as a component of the engineered barrier system is cement and the cement-based product mixed with various components—concrete. Furthermore, due to the possible mutual influence of buffer materials and their transformation over time at interfaces, this work considers the impact of cement-based barriers on other components of engineered barrier systems, the information on which has been accumulated as a result of both analytical laboratory tests and in situ radioactive waste disposal facilities under construction.

Overhead costs are an obstacle between the customers and the executors of the state defense order. The problem of their reduction was repeatedly highlighted and considered, but, in the absence of a simple decision regarding this issue, it was never solved. In practice, the occurrence of overhead costs can be associated not only with individual cost centers, but also with a separate group of cost centers, and with the organization as a whole. This complicates the distribution of such costs, and with the simultaneous presence of military products and civil products in the structure of the company’s revenues, such distribution becomes practically impossible due to the strict requirements for keeping records of costs under the state defense order. The assessment of the legal framework for accounting of overhead costs has been carried out in the article, and the bottlenecks of its practical application have been analyzed. The nature of overhead costs, as well as the main directions of the solution to this problem have been formed, which require the necessity of the transformations inside the accounting system from the point of view of organizational and legal forms and accounting methods, as well as urgent changes in the state policy regarding the state defense order.

Durante el último siglo de estudios orientales, la cuestión de cuándo y dónde llegaron a consolidarse las tradiciones proféticas (ḥadīṯ, pl. aḥādīṯ) con líneas válidas de transmisión (isnād, pl. asānīd) ha atraído la atención de un considerable número de investigadores que se dedicaron a la cuestión fundamental de la historicidad del ḥadīṯ. En este trabajo, revisaré las teorías existentes sobre los orígenes del isnād, orígenes que se datan o bien en la vida de los Compañeros del Profeta, o bien a finales del siglo II de la hégira, es decir 816 d.C. Basándome en una hasta ahora olvidada tradición y en dos premisas de tipo metodológico, asociaré el comienzo de la atribución de autoridad en hadices legales y teológicos con las postrimerías de la revuelta de al-Mujtār b. Abī ‘Ubayd al-Ṯaqafī en Kūfa (66-7/685-7). En el curso del siglo II/VIII, la institución del isnād se expandió por los mayors centros de enseñanza en el califato y entró en la disciplina de la historia. Esta falta de igualdad geográfica y tipológica de la evolución del isnād dio lugar a esas teorías conflictivas respecto a su cronología.

A production facility model to be used und er the deep - hole drilling of large - diameter tube plates with a heterogen eous structure made of hard - to - machine materials is presented. Dynamic properties of the object as a composite membrane with several anchorage points are analyzed. Modes of the workpie ce vibrations with account for its i nternal heterogeneous structural features are defined. The object structure transformation in the cou rse of pr ocessing (the formation of a large number of holes) effects on its elastic and dynamic properties. Su ch effect fe atures are considered. To simplify the practical application of the model, some recommendations for t he global stif fness matrix transformation, and the production facility dissipation to the local points correspondin g to the applic ation places under the hole making are given. The research results are focused on the creation of an automatic co ntrol system for the deep - hole drilling of hard - to - machine and heterogeneous materials.

In the work the behavior of random-disturbed equations is analysed on the basis of the Reynolds method and the maximum entropy principle. The stability of models is analysed. The general features of dynamics of Verhulst model, Volterra–Lotke model and Euler's equations of solid body rotation are revealed.

Este artículo aplica la crítica del isnād y el matn a las tradiciones relacionadas con el castigo del adúltero confeso en el Islam. Ante todo, intenta seguir la pista de las tradiciones relevantes hasta su fuente más temprana que es, en opinión del autor, Ibn Šhihāb al-Zuhrī. A continuación, el artículo trata de averiguar los posibles contenidos de esta primera versión, que aparentemente carecía de referencias al nombre personal del adúltero o de alguna comprobación en cuanto a su estado mental e iḥṣān. Se examina el papel de ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Ṣan‘ānī en la elaboración del matn y se analizan en detalle algunas versiones posteriores, tanto regionales como personales, del ḥadīṯ original. En su parte final, el artículo estudia el requisito de la necesidad de una confesión cuádruple por parte del adúltero. El autor aporta fuentes que dan fe de una controversia entre ‘Abd al-Razzāq y Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī sobre el número de confesiones necesarias para la imposición de raŷm.

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the influence of deformation of infinite parallel cylindrical solids in partial journal bearing on the oil film characteristics. The stationary elastohydrodynamic EHD problems for three design models of bearings are considered: (1) The bearing in which the basic contribution to the elastic displacement of the surface brings the thin elastic liner; (2) The elastic cylinder and the elastic bushing which is modeled by the elastic space with a cylindrical cut; (3) The elastic cylinder and the elastic bushing in the presence of the thin elastic liner with a small module of elasticity. It is shown that when the minimum film thickness is fixed and deformations of the elastic solids increase, then the load capacity increases, reaches a maximum, and then decreases. The deformation of solids can raise load capacity many times over. When the deformation of solids increases from zero, the pressure distribution changes from the distribution of pressure in the case of rigid bodies to the distribution of pressure which takes place with the dry contact of elastic bodies.

Phosphorylation of photoactivated rhodopsin by rhodopsin kinase (RK or GRK1), a first step of the phototransduction cascade turnoff, is under the control of Ca2+/recoverin. Here, we demonstrate that calmodulin, a ubiquitous Ca2+-sensor, can inhibit RK, though less effectively than recoverin does. We have utilized the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology to map the calmodulin binding site in the RK molecule. Calmodulin does not interact with the recoverin binding site within amino acid residues M1-S25 of the enzyme. Instead, the high affinity calmodulin binding site is localized within a stretch of amino acid residues V150-K175 in the N-terminal regulatory region of RK. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of calmodulin and recoverin on RK activity is synergetic, which is in agreement with the existence of separate binding sites for each Ca2+-sensing protein. The synergetic inhibition of RK by both Ca2+-sensors occurs over a broader range of Ca2+-concentration than by recoverin alone, indicating increased Ca2+-sensitivity of RK regulation in the presence of both Ca2+-sensors. Taken together, our data suggest that RK regulation by calmodulin in photoreceptor cells could complement the well-known inhibitory effect of recoverin on RK.