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Invasive plant species (IPs) are widespread in forests and cause substantial environmental, economic and social impacts. They occupy native ecological niches, causing local extinctions to the detriment of native biodiversity and disrupting ecosystem services provision. How landscape characteristics may determine the success of IPs remains unclear and, more importantly, how land-use and land-cover changes may result in spatial shifts in the invasion risk. Furthermore, the study of how landscape factors may influence biological invasions has focused on particular species, but not the IPs’ community. In this study, we identify and assess landscape variables that influence the presence and distribution of the IPs’ community in temperate forests of a global biodiversity hotspot in south-central Chile. We fitted spatially explicit models, combining field-sampling information and landscape variables related to land-use/land-cover, topography, climate, soil characteristics and anthropogenic factors to explain and predict the presence and distribution of the IPs’ community. From the whole sampling of plant species, we identified eight plant species classified as IPs: three trees and five shrubs. We used field data from 125 500 × 2 m-transects, in which we registered species richness, abundance and basal area of IPs’ community. Distance to forest plantations was the landscape variable with the most substantial influence on IPs’ presence and distribution. Richness, abundance and basal area of IPs’ trees were higher at shorter distances from forest plantations. The basal area of IPs’ trees was the best model explaining the relationship between IPs’ community and landscape variables. All descriptors of the IPs’ community showed similar spatial patterns: species richness, abundance and tree basal area are higher in more disturbed areas. Our findings contribute to increasing our understanding of the distribution patterns of IPs in forest landscapes. Our models can be suitable tools for designing strategies to prevent, mitigate or make integrated control of the impacts of invasive species in forest landscapes.

Tree planting and reforestation are currently in the spotlight as strategies for solving global environmental degradation. Many ongoing large-scale initiatives have proposed restoring millions of hectares and planting a trillion trees to solve climate change and biodiversity loss. Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is one of the approaches most frequently employed to support these initiatives. Currently, many FLR initiatives are implemented in developing countries through a top-down approach, not fully anchored to the social-ecological characteristics of landscapes (e.g. land use and tenure, values of local peoples, local livelihoods), and sometimes relegating human well-being to a secondary concern. Therefore, issues of social equity and legitimacy might hamper the effectiveness of FLR initiatives and projects regarding their environmental outcomes. In this perspective article, we present four challenges to better link FLR and human well-being in Latin America: (1) the high dependence of local communities and countries’ economies on natural resources, (2) conflicts over land tenure and access, (3) divergence in perceptions and values, and (4) the fragility of public institutions and policies. After describing these interrelated challenges, we discuss how to tackle them by implementing instruments and approaches recently organized under the concept of transformative governance. Finding an equitable and legitimate balance between global interests and urgency and increasing local well-being is the main challenge of FLR in Latin America, for which transformative governance is critical.

Technical reclamation and spontaneous succession (passive restoration) are the two main approaches for restoring post-mining sites worldwide. Despite substantial differences between both approaches, little is known regarding how they differ in terms of ecological outcomes. We assessed and compared the vegetation structure and composition in one spontaneous succession forest that is 29 years old, two technically reclaimed forests that are 2 and 10 years old after alluvial gold mining, and one old-growth reference forest in northeastern Antioquia, Colombia. We sampled trees and saplings establishing three Modified-Whittaker Plots in each site. We measured tree basal area, canopy cover, vegetation height, tree density, and species richness. Vegetation structure and composition differed considerably among restoration approaches. Species richness was significantly greater in the spontaneous succession forest than at the other sites. Similarly, technical reclamation significantly increased the vegetation attributes after 10 years, reaching values similar to the reference forest. We underscore the importance of fast-growth planted species (Acacia mangium, Samanea saman, and Schizolobium parahyba) to revegetate mining degraded lands.

Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) could benefit from the land sharing/sparing approaches to support decisions. We discuss four questions potentially shaping FLR outcomes in agricultural landscapes in the context of land sharing/sparing decisions: (1) Which are the main focuses of restorative interventions?; (2) Which kind of restored forests should these interventions target?; (3) Which restorative interventions should be implemented and where?; and (4) What are the major factors influencing restoration outcomes? Some restorative interventions embraced by FLR may compete with specific land uses and thus require careful planning to minimize trade-offs and maximize synergies. Decision making on the restorative intervention combination needs considering the spatial distribution and configuration of the final land uses in the landscape together with its social context and a multi-stakeholder process. Ultimately, finding the right balance between land sharing/sparing approaches will also require navigating governance issues that regulate FLR implementation.

Despite the economic and social costs of national and international efforts to restore millions of hectares of deforested and degraded landscapes, results have not met expectations due to land tenure conflicts, land-use transformation, and top-down decision-making policies. Privatization of land, expansion of cattle raising, plantations, and urbanization have created an increasingly competitive land market, dispossessing local communities and threatening forest conservation and regeneration. In contrast to significant investments in reforestation, natural regrowth, which could contribute to landscape regeneration, has not been sufficiently promoted by national governments. This study analyzes socio-ecological and economic vulnerabilities of indigenous and other peasant communities in the Mexican states of Veracruz, Chiapas, and Morelos related to the inclusion of natural regeneration in their forest cycles. While these communities are located within protected areas (Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, El Tepozteco National Park, and Chichinautzin Biological Corridor), various threats and vulnerabilities impede natural regeneration. Although landscape restoration involves complex political, economic, and social relationships and decisions by a variety of stakeholders, we focus on communities’ vulnerable land rights and the impacts of privatization on changes in land use and forest conservation. We conclude that the social, economic, political, and environmental vulnerabilities of the study communities threaten natural regeneration, and we explore necessary changes for incorporating this process in landscape restoration.

Recovery of damaged ecosystems can vary in time and extent. Here, Moreno-Mateos and colleagues perform a meta-analysis to describe and quantify what they call recovery debt, an interim reduction in biodiversity, populations, and biogeochemical function of ecosystems during the recovery process.

Understanding of people’s landscape preferences is important for decision-making about land planning, particularly in the disturbance patterns that usually occur in rural-urban gradients. However, the use of different types of images concerning the same landscape may influence social preferences and thus perceptions of landscape management and planning decisions. We evaluated landscape preferences and perceptions in four landscapes of southern Chile. We specifically: (1) compared people’s perceptions related to living in, visiting, the scenic beauty, well-being, risks, and level of landscape disturbance; and (2) evaluated the influence of the type of scene (i.e., eye-level or aerial images) in these preferences and perceptions. Preferences and perceptions resulted to be better when using eye-level (4.0 ± 1.1) than aerial (3.7 ± 0.6) images. In general, we observed a negative association between preferences and perceptions and the landscape disturbance; however, it was consistent when using aerial images but was masked when valuing landscape through eye-level images. Implications of these results are relevant because by far, most landscape preference studies use traditional eye-level images. Different types of scenes should be considered in order to embrace the landscape preferences and perceptions of all those involved and help decision-making in landscape planning.

En un contexto latinoamericano y nacional de degradación ambiental creciente, describimos la percepción de los miembros de la REA sobre el estado actual de la restauración en la Argentina e identifcamos el panorama de avances y logros a fn de sugerir acciones de restauración ecológica. La REA se formalizó en 2012 y realizó su primer encuentro nacional organizativo en 2017. Al presente, cuenta con 198 miembros distribuidos en ocho nodos regionales. Los análisis efectuados en este encuentro muestran relativamente pocas iniciativas de restauración a nivel institucional y a escala de paisaje. La mayoría de las acciones son realizadas a escala local por científcos que aportan la investigación y gestores que promueven la actividad en un rango amplio de contextos sociales y ecológicos. Los practicantes de la restauración (i.e., quienes ejecutan los proyectos a campo) usan la información que generan los sectores científco, social, privado y de gobierno. Entre otras defciencias, mencionan la baja disponibilidad de información ecológica de base y la inexistencia o insufciencia de marcos legales y capacidades técnicas e institucionales. Esperamos que la consolidación de la REA le permita a todos los interesados e involucrados en la restauración ecológica del país compartir experiencias y generar vínculos para aportar a la continuidad de un trabajo multidisciplinario, participativo, integrado a la problemática socioambiental del país, a diferentes escalas y con una perspectiva a largo plazo. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.18.28.2.0.659

Background. Human impact over natural ecosystems located in Southern Mexico is increasingly evident. We generated a spatially explicit land use and cover change (LUCC) model to assess current and potential impact of human activities and to identify the influence of variables such as: distance to paved and unpaved roads, human settlements, rivers, slope and protected areas. Study site. Mesoamerican Biological Corridor located in the state of Chiapas (MBC-Ch), Mexico. Methods. We calibrated a model for the period 1993-2002 and ran a simulation for 2007 which we compared against the real 2007 land use and cover map to evaluate model’s performance. We then projected LUCC to 2030 under three different scenarios: 1) Agriculture and Livestock (AGL), 2) Business As Usual (BAU) and, 3) Conservation (CON). Results. Proximity to roads and settlements increased deforestation probabilities whereas the presence of natural protected areas had the opposite effect. The AGL scenario predicted a reduction of 43 % and 41 % in the extent of closed tropical and temperate forests, respectively. In comparison, the BAU scenario predicted a reduction of 19.5 % in the area covered by closed tropical forest and of 30.1 % in temperate forests. The extent of land destined to farming and forestry increased by 22 % and 15 % in the AGL and BAU scenarios, respectively. In contrast, the CON scenario predicted slight changes in the landscape. Conclusions. Our simulations indicate that it is highly probable to see a marked decay in the extent (and likely integrity) of natural habitats in the MBC-Ch region if a comprehensive series of management actions are not urgently implemented.

Global forest restoration targets have been set, yet policy makers and land managers lack guiding principles on how to invest limited resources to achieve them. We conducted a meta-analysis of 166 studies in naturally regenerating and actively restored forests worldwide to answer: (1) To what extent do floral and faunal abundance and diversity and biogeochemical functions recover? (2) Does recovery vary as a function of past land use, time since restoration, forest region, or precipitation? (3) Does active restoration result in more complete or faster recovery than passive restoration? Overall, forests showed a high level of recovery, but the time to recovery depended on the metric type measured, past land use, and region. Abundance recovered quickly and completely, whereas diversity recovered slower in tropical than in temperate forests. Biogeochemical functions recovered more slowly after agriculture than after logging or mining. Formerly logged sites were mostly passively restored and generally recovered quickly. Mined sites were nearly always actively restored using a combination of planting and either soil amendments or recontouring topography, which resulted in rapid recovery of the metrics evaluated. Actively restoring former agricultural land, primarily by planting trees, did not result in consistently faster or more complete recovery than passively restored sites. Our results suggest that simply ending the land use is sufficient for forests to recover in many cases, but more studies are needed that directly compare the value added of active versus passive restoration strategies in the same system. Investments in active restoration should be evaluated relative to the past land use, the natural resilience of the system, and the specific objectives of each project.

Several countries worldwide have committed to forest and landscape restoration (FLR) through ambitious pledges in numbers of hectares to be restored. As the implementation of these commitments happens within countries, different actors from global to local scales must negotiate the “what, where and how” of specific forest restoration projects. We interviewed actors at national, state and local scales to gather their narratives regarding barriers and strategies for upscaling forest restoration and compared the narratives among them and with those that prevail in the global literature on FLR. We based the local scale in four Atlantic Forest landscapes. We classified the narratives gathered according to three discourses commonly used in environmental policy arenas: (1) ecological modernization, advocating market solutions; (2) green governmentality, with its emphasis on technocratic solutions; and (3) civic environmentalism promoting governance. Brazilian legislation with its mandate of forest restoration in private lands appeared as the main restoration driver in the interviews. However, when political will for enforcement weakens, other strategies are needed. An ecological modernization narrative, around increasing funding, incentives, market and investments, prevailed in the narratives on barriers and strategies for all actors from the global to the local scales. Similarities nevertheless diminished from the global to the local scale. The narratives of national actors resembled those found in the global literature, which emphasize strategies based on increased capacity building, within a green governmentality narrative, and governance arrangements, a civic environmentalist narrative. These narratives appeared less at state scales, and were almost absent at local scales where forest restoration was perceived mostly as a costly legal mandate. Similar narratives across all actors and scales indicate that a focus on improving the economics of restoration can aid in upscaling forest restoration in Brazilian Atlantic Forest landscapes. However, discrepant narratives also show that inclusive governance spaces where the negotiation of FLR interventions can take place is key to increase trust and aid implementation.

La restauración ecológica se utiliza a menudo para recuperar los niveles de biodiversidad y de servicios ecosistémicos (SE) en ecosistemas degradados. En general, los resultados de la restauración ecológica se pueden estimar como el progreso o la compleción de la recuperación de indicadores de la integridad ecológica en el estado restaurado respecto al estado degradado o de referencia, respectivamente. Presentamos una síntesis de estos resultados según cuatro meta-análisis globales independientes, obtenidos en una amplia gama de ecosistemas, con énfasis en humedales, agroecosistemas y bosques. La restauración ecológica aumentó la biodiversidad y los SE en 58 y 99%, respectivamente. Sin embargo, estos niveles fueron inferiores a los de los ecosistemas de referencia (-10 y -8%, respectivamente). La recuperación varió entre tipos de ecosistema. Los humedales restaurados tuvieron niveles más altos de biodiversidad y de SE (19 y 43%, respectivamente) en relación a los degradados, aunque los niveles de los SE fueron inferiores (-13%) a los de referencia. La restauración aumentó los niveles de biodiversidad, SE de soporte y SE de regulación de los agroecosistemas en 68, 42 y 120%, respectivamente, y los agroecosistemas restaurados tuvieron niveles de biodiversidad y de estos SE similares a los ecosistemas de referencia. En el caso de los bosques, la recuperación fue completa para todos los SE, mientras que la biodiversidad, aunque aumentó 106% después de la restauración, fue 21% inferior a los niveles de referencia. Existe un hueco en la literatura científica sobre la evaluación cuantitativa de los SE culturales en ecosistemas restaurados. La recuperación de la biodiversidad y de los SE se correlacionaron de forma positiva en las comparaciones de ecosistemas degradados y restaurados en todos los meta-análisis. Concluimos que la restauración ecológica aumenta de forma notable la biodiversidad y los SE, aunque no se alcanzan los niveles de los ecosistemas de referencia, y que la efectividad depende, en gran medida, del contexto. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.17.27.1.1.252

Wetlands are valuable ecosystems because they harbor a huge biodiversity and provide key services to societies. When natural or human factors degrade wetlands, ecological restoration is often carried out to recover biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES). Although such restorations are routinely performed, we lack systematic, evidence-based assessments of their effectiveness on the recovery of biodiversity and ES. Here we performed a meta-analysis of 70 experimental studies in order to assess the effectiveness of ecological restoration and identify what factors affect it. We compared selected ecosystem performance variables between degraded and restored wetlands and between restored and natural wetlands using response ratios and random-effects categorical modeling. We assessed how context factors such as ecosystem type, main agent of degradation, restoration action, experimental design, and restoration age influenced post-restoration biodiversity and ES. Biodiversity showed excellent recovery, though the precise recovery depended strongly on the type of organisms involved. Restored wetlands showed 36% higher levels of provisioning, regulating and supporting ES than did degraded wetlands. In fact, wetlands showed levels of provisioning and cultural ES similar to those of natural wetlands; however, their levels of supporting and regulating ES were, respectively, 16% and 22% lower than in natural wetlands. Recovery of biodiversity and of ES were positively correlated, indicating a win-win restoration outcome. The extent to which restoration increased biodiversity and ES in degraded wetlands depended primarily on the main agent of degradation, restoration actions, experimental design, and ecosystem type. In contrast, the choice of specific restoration actions alone explained most differences between restored and natural wetlands. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive, multi-factorial assessment to determine the ecological status of degraded, restored and natural wetlands and thereby evaluate the effectiveness of ecological restorations. Future research on wetland restoration should also seek to identify which restoration actions work best for specific habitats.

The genus Serratia harbors opportunistic pathogenic species, among which Serratia marcescens is pathogenic for honeybees although little studied. Recently, virulent strains of S. marcescens colonizing the Varroa destructor mite’s mouth were found vectored into the honeybee body, leading to septicemia and death. Serratia also occurs as an opportunistic pathogen in the honeybee’s gut with a low absolute abundance. The Serratia population seems controlled by the host immune system, but its presence may represent a hidden threat, ready to arise when honeybees are weakened by biotic and abiotic stressors. To shed light on the Serratia pathogen, this research aims at studying Serratia’s development dynamics in the honeybee body and its interactions with the co-occurring fungal pathogen Vairimorpha ceranae. Firstly, the degree of pathogenicity and the ability to permeate the gut epithelial barrier of three Serratia strains, isolated from honeybees and belonging to different species (S. marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens, and Serratia nematodiphila), were assessed by artificial inoculation of newborn honeybees with different Serratia doses (104, 106, and 108 cells/mL). The absolute abundance of Serratia in the gut and in the hemocoel was assessed in qPCR with primers targeting the luxS gene. Moreover, the absolute abundance of Serratia was assessed in the gut of honeybees infected with V. ceranae at different development stages and supplied with beneficial microorganisms and fumagillin. Our results showed that all tested Serratia strains could pass through the gut epithelial barrier and proliferate in the hemocoel, with S. marcescens being the most pathogenic. Moreover, under cage conditions, Serratia better proliferates when a V. ceranae infection is co-occurring, with a positive and significant correlation. Finally, fumagillin and some of the tested beneficial microorganisms could control both Serratia and Vairimorpha development. Our findings suggest a correlation between the two pathogens under laboratory conditions, a co-occurring infection that should be taken into consideration by researches when testing antimicrobial compounds active against V. ceranae, and the related honeybees survival rate. Moreover, our findings suggest a positive control of Serratia by the environmental microorganism Apilactobacillus kunkeei in a in vivo model, confirming the potential of this specie as beneficial bacteria for honeybees.

Con el avance de las nuevas tecnologías, los medios de comunicación se adentran en un camino marcado por las innovaciones en la comunicación persuasiva. Nuevos formatos como el brand placement se hacen paso para hacer frente a una sociedad consumidora de medios, donde las marcas toman el control de los contenidos que estos exponen. Esta investigación tratará de plasmar la forma en la que estos contenidos predominan y si realmente son necesarios para el desarrollo normal de los contenidos propios de revistas femeninas de alta gama, así consideradas debido a su posición ventajosa en el mercado frente sus principales competidores, además de por la segmentación de sus públicos en base a criterios socioeconómicos en su búsqueda de un lector de clase media-alta. De esta manera, el objeto de estudio está conformado por dos revistas pertenecientes a diferentes grupos editoriales que cumplen con este requisito y que dispongan de una línea temática integral o relacionada con el ámbito de la moda como Harper’s Bazaar o Vanity Fair, pero analizadas desde una perspectiva de mercado a nivel nacional. Por ello, con el uso de técnicas de recopilación de datos de carácter mixto y la aplicación de diferentes variables de análisis, se dispondrán de unos resultados que serán determinantes para demostrar la predominancia en el uso del emplazamiento de marca para la configuración de los artículos de dichos soportes, y así comprobar la validez de la hipótesis.

Las ediciones de Premios Goya celebradas entre la última década del siglo XX y la primera del siglo XXI ponen de manifiesto la discriminación que sufre la mujer en España en el ámbito laboral, social y cultural desde décadas anteriores. Entre 1990 y 2010 emerge una generación de directoras que lograron consolidarse en la industria cinematográfica por las características diferenciadoras de su obra. Sin embargo, sólo obtuvieron el reconocimiento de la Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas un bajo índice de producciones dirigidas por estas cineastas, siendo el caso de Pilar Miró y Ángeles González-Sinde reseñable por la actividad política que desarrollaron antes y durante su carrera profesional. Sin perder de vista cómo el nacimiento de las televisiones privadas influyó en la creatividad fílmica durante estas dos décadas, la presente investigación analiza la discriminación de género de la industria cinematográfica que afectó a la valoración de la Academia de Cine de las obras de estas autoras, materializada en las ediciones de Premios Goya entre milenios. La metodología utilizada ha sido el análisis cuantitativo-cualitativo complementado por entrevistas personales a profesionales del sector y representantes de CIMA (Asociación de Mujeres Cineastas y del Medio Audiovisual).

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the performance of telemonitoring in detecting clinical and psychological needs and adherence to the protective measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in addition to providing remote assistance for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a public university center in Brazil. Subjects and methods: Telemonitoring protocol included phone calls and e-mails. Patients were asked to rate COVID-19-like symptoms, psychological symptoms, epidemiological issues, and adherence to diabetes management (insulin, exercise, and diet) using a 0-to-10 scale. An e-mail address and phone number were offered for further contact if needed. Clinical, demographic, and laboratorial data from the consultations before the pandemic were collected from medical records. Results: Among 321 patients with a previously scheduled consultation over the first 15 weeks of social distancing, 237 (73.8%) could be successfully contacted. Of these, 207 (87.3%) were exclusively evaluated by telemonitoring (190 only by phone or text message and 17 who were also reached by email), and 30 (12.7%) patients attended the consultation for medical reasons detected during the telephone screening. Overall, 44 (18.5%) patients reported COVID-19-like symptoms. One (2.3%) patient was hospitalized and subsequently died. Psychological symptoms were reported by 137 (60.4%) patients and 30 (12.7%) required remote psychological assistance. Appropriate social distancing was performed by 203 (87.9%) patients, and 221 (97.8%) referred use of masks. Conclusions: Telemonitoring T1D patients during the pandemic helped reduce the need for in-person consultations, detect clinical and psychological needs, and offer support to patients in addition to monitoring suspected COVID-19 cases and the adherence to protective measures.

Los Premios Goya se han convertido en los últimos años en escenario de reivindicaciones del sector cinematográfico español por la repercusión mediática de su gala. A partir una triangulación metodológica que aplica el estudio del caso, el análisis de contenido y entrevistas en profundidad, esta investigación propone una nueva categorización de arquetipos femeninos en el cine español actual, prueba la existencia de la discriminación de género a través de la representación estereotipada de la mujer, y analiza si estos arquetipos se perpetúan y difunden también a través de las revistas femeninas de alta gama y suplementos dominicales. La conclusión principal de este estudio establece que la creación de una ley proteccionista para acabar con esta marginación es imprescindible y una deuda del pasado histórico-político de España.

When developing new products to be used in honeybee colonies, further than acute toxicity, it is imperative to perform an assessment of risks, including various sublethal effects. The long-term sublethal effects of xenobiotics on honeybees, more specifically of acaricides used in honeybee hives, have been scarcely studied, particularly so in the case of essential oils and their components. In this work, chronic effects of the ingestion of Eupatorium buniifolium (Asteraceae) essential oil were studied on nurse honeybees using laboratory assays. Survival, food consumption, and the effect on the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) were assessed. CHC were chosen due to their key role as pheromones involved in honeybee social recognition. While food consumption and survival were not affected by the consumption of the essential oil, CHC amounts and profiles showed dose-dependent changes. All groups of CHC (linear and branched alkanes, alkenes and alkadienes) were altered when honeybees were fed with the highest essential oil dose tested (6000 ppm). The compounds that significantly varied include n-docosane, n-tricosane, n-tetracosane, n-triacontane, n-tritriacontane, 9-tricosene, 7-pentacosene, 9-pentacosene, 9-heptacosene, tritriacontene, pentacosadiene, hentriacontadiene, tritriacontadiene and all methyl alkanes. All of them but pentacosadiene were up-regulated. On the other hand, CHC profiles were similar in healthy and Nosema-infected honeybees when diets included the essential oil at 300 and 3000 ppm. Our results show that the ingestion of an essential oil can impact CHC and that the effect is dose-dependent. Changes in CHC could affect the signaling process mediated by these pheromonal compounds. To our knowledge this is the first report of changes in honeybee cuticular hydrocarbons as a result of essential oil ingestion.

Nosema ceranae is a major pathogen in the beekeeping sector, responsible for nosemosis. This disease is hard to manage since its symptomatology is masked until a strong collapse of the colony population occurs. Conversely, no medicaments are available in the market to counteract nosemosis, and only a few feed additives, with claimed antifungal action, are available. New solutions are strongly required, especially based on natural methods alternative to veterinary drugs that might develop resistance or strongly pollute honey bees and the environment. This study aims at investigating the nosemosis antiparasitic potential of some plant extracts, microbial fermentation products, organic acids, food chain waste products, bacteriocins, and fungi. Honey bees were singularly infected with 5 × 104 freshly prepared N. ceranae spores, reared in cages and fed ad libitum with sugar syrup solution containing the active ingredient. N. ceranae in the gut of honey bees was estimated using qPCR. The results showed that some of the ingredients administered, such as acetic acid at high concentration, p-coumaric acid, and Saccharomyces sp. strain KIA1, were effective in the control of nosemosis. On the other hand, wine acetic acid strongly increased the N. ceranae amount. This study investigates the possibility of using compounds such as organic acids or biological agents including those at the base of the circular economy, i.e., wine waste production, in order to improve honeybee health.

Nowadays we are witnessing a significant change in content consumption. This, together with the global health situation, has caused some behaviors to accelerate. This research focuses on the specific case of the lockdown in Spain and the coincidence with the launch of the fourth season of Money Heist compared to the launch of season three. Starting with a review of the theoretical framework, in which the related concepts of coronavirus, television, and Video on Demand (VOD) platforms are presented, the importance of transmedia communication is also introduced. The methodological aspect is developed through content analysis and in-depth interviews. The tool used on the first methodology has been Twlets. With regard to the sources, the specific bibliography of the audiovisual sector, the official profile of the series on Twitter and personal interviews with professionals from the communication department of the production company, Vancouver Media, and from the series directing were taken into account. The methodology used to carry out this work has been the analysis of quantitative–qualitative content of the various sources consulted. The results of the study are presented in graphs, crossing the data from the different sources to detect the strategies of marketing and communication used for the release of the fourth season of the series. These results reflect the change in the communication strategy, the behavior of the social audience of the Twitter account of Money Heist (La Casa de Papel) and its relationship with the period of lockdown in Spain.

Acaricides and the gut parasite Nosema ceranae are commonly present in most productive hives. Those stressors could be affecting key semiochemicals, which act as homeostasis regulators in Apis mellifera colonies, such as cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) involved in social recognition and ethyl oleate (EO) which plays a role as primer pheromone in honey bees. Here we test the effect of amitraz, coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin, commonly applied to treat varroosis, on honey bee survival time, rate of food consumption, CHC profiles and EO production on N. ceranae-infected and non-infected honey bees. Different sublethal concentrations of amitraz, coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin were administered chronically in a syrup-based diet. After treatment, purified hole-body extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. While N. ceranae infection was also shown to decrease EO production affecting survival rates, acaricides showed no significant effect on this pheromone. As for the CHC, we found no changes in relation to the health status or consumption of acaricides. This absence of alteration in EO or CHC as response to acaricides ingestion or in combination with N. ceranae, suggests that worker honey bees exposed to those highly ubiquitous drugs are hardly differentiated by nest-mates. Having determined a synergic effect on mortality in worker bees exposed to coumaphos and Nosema infection but also, alterations in EO production as a response to N. ceranae infection it is an interesting clue to deeper understand the effects of parasite-host-pesticide interaction on colony functioning.

La saga cinematográfica Torrente, creada, dirigida, producida y protagonizada por Santiago Segura, en 2007 detiene su producción entre el estreno de la tercera entrega, y el rodaje de la cuarta. En este paréntesis, la cadena de televisión La Sexta contrata a Segura para conducir, crear, dirigir, y producir el primer Late Show del canal, con el fin de contribuir a definir su programación como un producto alternativo a los espacios de contenidos afines a las televisiones generalistas. El tipo de humor con el que los directivos de la cadena pretenden impregnar el nuevo show, ha de ser gamberro y transgresor, valores que consideran representa el director de cine y creador de Torrente. Este artículo se centra en establecer las influencias de la saga cinematográfica de Santiago Segura en el programa de televisión Sabías a lo que venías, que se estrenó en horario Late Night en 2007. A través de una metodología de estudio de caso se han reconstruido las secciones del programa, relacionándolas con los colaboradores que las conducían y que en algunos casos procedían de la popular saga. Abstract: The film saga Torrente, created, directed, produced and starred by Santiago Segura has a break from shooting between its third part premiere and the filming of its fourth part. During this break, Santiago Segura is hired as host, creator, director and producer of the first Late Night Show by La Sexta TV channel, in order to contribute to define the broadcast programming schedule as an alternative option to programs with contents similar to general networks interests. The humorous touch required by the executive directors to predominate the show atmosphere has to be joker and rule-breaking, values that represent the director and creator of Torrente himself, in their opinion. This article is focused on settling the influence of the film saga by Santiago Segura on the Sabías a lo que venías TV program, premiered in Late Night schedule in 2007. Using a methodology based on case study, the sections of the programme have been reconstructed relating them to their hosts, who had also appeared in the popular saga in some cases. Palabras clave: Santiago Segura; Torrente; Sabías a lo que venías; cine; Late Show. Keywords: Santiago Segura; Torrente; Sabías a lo que venías; cinema; Late Show

Poucos transtornos na medicina em geral e na psiquiatria em particular têm uma distribuição por gênero tão assimétrica quanto os transtornos alimentares (TA), com apenas 10% dos casos ocorrendo no sexo masculino. Esta disparidade pode ser atribuída a fatores biológicos e culturais, mas também indica a existência de dificuldades no diagnóstico dos TA em homens. Embora tenha crescido o interesse pelos TA nas últimas décadas, seu reconhecimento no sexo masculino ainda é pobre e limitado por estereótipos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir as semelhanças e diferenças dos TA em homens e mulheres, enfatizando os tópicos que têm implicações práticas para os profissionais de saúde mental.