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4. Haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia from age 6 months to 65 years: estimates from international data sources

Author

Braat, Sabine, Fielding, Katherine L, Han, Jiru, Jackson, Victoria E, Zaloumis, Sophie, Xu, Jessica Xu Hui, Moir-Meyer, Gemma, Blaauwendraad, Sophia M, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Gaillard, Romy, Parkin, Patricia C, Borkhoff, Cornelia M, Keown-Stoneman, Charles D G, Birken, Catherine S, Maguire, Jonathon L, Bahlo, Melanie, Davidson, Eliza M, and Pasricha, Sant-Rayn

Published
2024
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6. Abscess volume as a predictor of surgical intervention in children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis: A multicentre cohort study

Author

Gill, Peter J., Pullenayegum, Eleanor, Parkin, Patricia C., Widjaja, Elysa, Reginald, Arun, Wolter, Nikolaus E., Mahant, Sanjay, Oni, Semipe, Anwar, Rashid, Cichon, Jessica, Drouin, Olivier, Louriachi, Hossam, Pound, Catherine, Quet, Julie, Krueger, Carsten, Ge, Yipeng, Kirolos, Nardin, Wahi, Gita, Patel, Ashaka, Bayliss, Ann, Jasani, Hardika, Kornelsen, Emily, Vomiero, Gemma, Chugh, Ashton, Foulds, Jessica L., Gouda, Sandra, Kanani, Ronik, Akbaroghli, Susan, Sehgal, Anupam, McKerlie, Morgyn F., Foulds, Jessica, Sakran, Mahmoud, and Borkhoff, Cornelia M.

Published
2023
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11. Randomized Trial of Oral Iron and Diet Advice versus Diet Advice Alone in Young Children with Nonanemic Iron Deficiency

Author

Stoneman, Charles Keown, Malhi, Tarandeep, Thompson, Julia, Kowal, Christine, Mason, Dalah, Thompson, Laurie, Barozzino, Tony, Campbell, Douglas, Chisamore, Brian, Danayan, Karoon, Do, Anh, Jacobson, Sheila, Kadar, Paul, Lau, Eddy, Naymark, Sharon, Peer, Michael, Perlmutar, Marty, Persaud, Nav, Saunderson, Janet, Sgro, Michael, Wong, Peter, Zajdman, Michael, Parkin, Patricia C., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Macarthur, Colin, Abdullah, Kawsari, Birken, Catherine S., Fehlings, Darcy, Koroshegyi, Christine, Maguire, Jonathon L., Mamak, Eva, Mamdani, Muhammad, Thorpe, Kevin E., Zlotkin, Stanley H., and Zuo, Fei

Published
2021
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12. Timing of Introduction to Solid Food, Growth, and Nutrition Risk in Later Childhood

Author

Cohn, Ronald, Lau, Eddy, Laupacis, Andreas, Parkin, Patricia C., Salter, Michael, Szatmari, Peter, Weir, Shannon, Anderson, Laura N., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Kowal, Christine, Mason, Dalah, Abdurrahman, Murtala, Anderson, Kelly, Arbess, Gordon, Baker, Jillian, Barozzino, Tony, Bergeron, Sylvie, Bhagat, Dimple, Bloch, Gary, Bonifacio, Joey, Bowry, Ashna, Calpin, Caroline, Campbell, Douglas, Cheema, Sohail, Cheng, Elaine, Chisamore, Brian, Constantin, Evelyn, Danayan, Karoon, Das, Paul, Derocher, Mary Beth, Do, Anh, Doukas, Kathleen, Egger, Anne, Farber, Allison, Freedman, Amy, Freeman, Sloane, Gazeley, Sharon, Guiang, Charlie, Ha, Dan, Handford, Curtis, Hanson, Laura, Harrington, Leah, Jacobson, Sheila, Jagiello, Lukasz, Jansz, Gwen, Kadar, Paul, Kim, Florence, Kiran, Tara, Knowles, Holly, Kwok, Bruce, Lakhoo, Sheila, Lam-Antoniades, Margarita, Leduc, Denis, Leung, Fok-Han, Li, Alan, Li, Patricia, Malach, Jessica, Male, Roy, Mascoll, Vashti, Meret, Aleks, Mok, Elise, Moodie, Rosemary, Nader, Maya, Nash, Katherine, Naymark, Sharon, Owen, James, Peer, Michael, Pena, Kifi, Perlmutar, Marty, Persaud, Navindra, Pinto, Andrew, Porepa, Michelle, Qi, Vikky, Ramji, Nasreen, Ramji, Noor, Raza, Danyaal, Rosenthal, Alana, Rouleau, Katherine, Ruderman, Caroline, Saunderson, Janet, Schiralli, Vanna, Sgro, Michael, Shuja, Hafiz, Shepherd, Susan, Smiltnieks, Barbara, Srikanthan, Cinntha, Taylor, Carolyn, Treherne, Stephen, Turner, Suzanne, Uddin, Fatima, van den Heuvel, Meta, Vaughan, Joanne, Weisdorf, Thea, Wijayasinghe, Sheila, Wong, Peter, Yaremko, John, Ying, Ethel, Young, Elizabeth, Zajdman, Michael, Bazeghi, Farnaz, Bouchard, Vincent, Bustos, Marivic, Camacho, Charmaine, Dalwadi, Dharma, Koroshegyi, Christine, Malhi, Tarandeep, Thadani, Sharon, Thompson, Julia, Thompson, Laurie, Aglipay, Mary, Bayoumi, Imaan, Carsley, Sarah, Cost, Katherine, Eny, Karen, Kim, Theresa, Kinlin, Laura, Omand, Jessica, Vanderhout, Shelley, Vanderloo, Leigh, Allen, Christopher, Boodhoo, Bryan, Chan, Olivia, Dai, David W.H., Hall, Judith, Juni, Peter, Lebovic, Gerald, Pope, Karen, Thorpe, Kevin, Kandel, Rita, Rodrigues, Michelle, Vandenberghe, Hilde, D'Hollander, Curtis J., Keown-Stoneman, Charles D.G., Birken, Catherine S., O'Connor, Deborah L., and Maguire, Jonathon L.

Published
2021
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13. Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Wintertime Vitamin D Supplementation on Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Healthy Children.

Author

Aglipay, Mary, Birken, Catherine S, Parkin, Patricia C, Loeb, Mark B, Thorpe, Kevin, Chen, Yang, Laupacis, Andreas, Mamdani, Muhammad, Macarthur, Colin, Hoch, Jeffrey S, Mazzulli, Tony, and Maguire, Jonathon L

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Complementary and Integrative Health, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Pediatric, Prevention, Nutrition, 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Infection, Administration, Oral, Child, Preschool, Common Cold, Dietary Supplements, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Influenza, Human, Male, Nose, Respiratory Tract Infections, Virus Diseases, Vitamin D, Vitamins, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

ImportanceEpidemiological studies support a link between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and a higher risk of viral upper respiratory tract infections. However, whether winter supplementation of vitamin D reduces the risk among children is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether high-dose vs standard-dose vitamin D supplementation reduces the incidence of wintertime upper respiratory tract infections in young children.Design, setting, and participantsA randomized clinical trial was conducted during the winter months between September 13, 2011, and June 30, 2015, among children aged 1 through 5 years enrolled in TARGet Kids!, a multisite primary care practice-based research network in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.InterventionsThree hundred forty-nine participants were randomized to receive 2000 IU/d of vitamin D oral supplementation (high-dose group) vs 354 participants who were randomized to receive 400 IU/d (standard-dose group) for a minimum of 4 months between September and May.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of laboratory-confirmed viral upper respiratory tract infections based on parent-collected nasal swabs over the winter months. Secondary outcomes included the number of influenza infections, noninfluenza infections, parent-reported upper respiratory tract illnesses, time to first upper respiratory tract infection, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at study termination.ResultsAmong 703 participants who were randomized (mean age, 2.7 years, 57.7% boys), 699 (99.4%) completed the trial. The mean number of laboratory-confirmed upper respiratory tract infections per child was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.91-1.19) for the high-dose group and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.90-1.16) for the standard-dose group, for a between-group difference of 0.02 (95% CI, -0.17 to 0.21) per child. There was no statistically significant difference in number of laboratory-confirmed infections between groups (incidence rate ratio [RR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.80-1.16). There was also no significant difference in the median time to the first laboratory-confirmed infection: 3.95 months (95% CI, 3.02-5.95 months) for the high-dose group vs 3.29 months (95% CI, 2.66-4.14 months) for the standard-dose group, or number of parent-reported upper respiratory tract illnesses between groups (625 for high-dose vs 600 for standard-dose groups, incidence RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.88-1.16). At study termination, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 48.7 ng/mL (95% CI, 46.9-50.5 ng/mL) in the high-dose group and 36.8 ng/mL (95% CI, 35.4-38.2 ng/mL) in the standard-dose group.Conclusions and relevanceAmong healthy children aged 1 to 5 years, daily administration of 2000 IU compared with 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation did not reduce overall wintertime upper respiratory tract infections. These findings do not support the routine use of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in children for the prevention of viral upper respiratory tract infections.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01419262.

Published
2017

14. Prospective Cohort Study of Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Early Childhood

Author

Ali, Yamna, Anderson, Laura N., Smile, Sharon, Chen, Yang, Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Koroshegyi, Christine, Lebovic, Gerald, Parkin, Patricia C., Birken, Catherine S., Szatmari, Peter, and Maguire, Jonathon L.

Abstract

Several studies have suggested an association between vitamin D in childhood and autism spectrum disorder. No prospective studies have evaluated whether lower vitamin D levels precede ASD diagnoses -- a necessary condition for causality. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether vitamin D serum levels in early childhood was associated with incident physician diagnosed ASD. A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from preschool-aged children in the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada, from June 2008 to July 2015. 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured through blood samples and vitamin D supplementation from parent report. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was determined from medical records at follow-up visits. Covariates included age, sex, family history of autism spectrum disorder, maternal ethnicity, and neighborhood household income. Unadjusted and adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression with a robust error variance. In this study, 3852 children were included. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was identified in 41 children (incidence = 1.1%) over the observation period (average follow-up time = 2.5 years). An association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and autism spectrum disorder was not identified in the unadjusted (relative risk = 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.11 per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration) or adjusted models (adjusted relative risk = 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.18). An association between vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and autism spectrum disorder was also not identified (adjusted relative risk = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.46, 1.62). Vitamin D in early childhood may not be associated with incident physician diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder.

Published
2019
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19. DO IT Trial: vitamin D Outcomes and Interventions in Toddlers –a TARGet Kids! randomized controlled trial

Author

Maguire, Jonathon L, Birken, Catherine S, Loeb, Mark B, Mamdani, Muhammad, Thorpe, Kevin, Hoch, Jeffrey S, Mazzulli, Tony, Borkhoff, Cornelia M, Macarthur, Colin, and Parkin, Patricia C

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Nutrition, Lung, Pediatric, Prevention, Asthma, Complementary and Integrative Health, Respiratory, Canada, Child, Preschool, Dietary Supplements, Disease Progression, Humans, Infant, Respiratory Tract Infections, Seasons, Treatment Outcome, Vitamin D, Vitamins, Vitamin D deficiency, Vitamin D supplementation, Toddler, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Pediatrics, Paediatrics, Midwifery
Abstract

BackgroundVitamin D levels are alarmingly low (

Published
2014

20. A Positive Association Between Dietary Intake of Higher Cow's Milk-Fat Percentage and Non−High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Young Children

Author

Birken, Catherine S., Maguire, Jonathon L., Cohn, Ronald, Lau, Eddy, Laupacis, Andreas, Parkin, Patricia C., Salter, Michael, Szatmari, Peter, Weir, Shannon, Anderson, Laura N., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Keown-Stoneman, Charles, Kowal, Christine, Mason, Dalah, Abdurrahman, Murtala, Anderson, Kelly, Arbess, Gordon, Baker, Jillian, Barozzino, Tony, Bergeron, Sylvie, Bhagat, Dimple, Bloch, Gary, Bonifacio, Joey, Bowry, Ashna, Calpin, Caroline, Campbell, Douglas, Cheema, Sohail, Cheng, Elaine, Chisamore, Brian, Constantin, Evelyn, Danayan, Karoon, Das, Paul, Derocher, Mary Beth, Do, Anh, Doukas, Kathleen, Egger, Anne, Farber, Allison, Freedman, Amy, Freeman, Sloane, Gazeley, Sharon, Guiang, Charlie, Ha, Dan, Handford, Curtis, Hanson, Laura, Harrington, Leah, Jacobson, Sheila, Jagiello, Lukasz, Jansz, Gwen, Kadar, Paul, Kim, Florence, Kiran, Tara, Knowles, Holly, Kwok, Bruce, Lakhoo, Sheila, Lam-Antoniades, Margarita, Leduc, Denis, Leung, Fok-Han, Li, Alan, Li, Patricia, Malach, Jessica, Male, Roy, Mascoll, Vashti, Meret, Aleks, Mok, Elise, Moodie, Rosemary, Nader, Maya, Nash, Katherine, Naymark, Sharon, Owen, James, Peer, Michael, Pena, Kifi, Perlmutar, Marty, Persaud, Navindra, Pinto, Andrew, Porepa, Michelle, Qi, Vikky, Ramji, Nasreen, Ramji, Noor, Raza, Danyaal, Rosenthal, Alana, Rouleau, Katherine, Ruderman, Caroline, Saunderson, Janet, Schiralli, Vanna, Sgro, Michael, Shuja, Hafiz, Shepherd, Susan, Smiltnieks, Barbara, Srikanthan, Cinntha, Taylor, Carolyn, Treherne, Stephen, Turner, Suzanne, Uddin, Fatima, van den Heuvel, Meta, Vaughan, Joanne, Weisdorf, Thea, Wijayasinghe, Sheila, Wong, Peter, Yaremko, John, Ying, Ethel, Young, Elizabeth, Zajdman, Michael, Bazeghi, Farnaz, Bouchard, Vincent, Bustos, Marivic, Camacho, Charmaine, Dalwadi, Dharma, Koroshegyi, Christine, Malhi, Tarandeep, Thadani, Sharon, Thompson, Julia, Thompson, Laurie, Aglipay, Mary, Bayoumi, Imaan, Carsley, Sarah, Cost, Katherine, Eny, Karen, Kim, Theresa, Kinlin, Laura, Omand, Jessica, Vanderhout, Shelley, Vanderloo, Leigh, Allen, Christopher, Boodhoo, Bryan, Chan, Olivia, Dai, David W.H., Hall, Judith, Juni, Peter, Lebovic, Gerald, Pope, Karen, Thorpe, Kevin, Kandel, Rita, Rodrigues, Michelle, Vandenberghe, Hilde, Wong, Vincent C.H., Omand, Jessica A., and O'Connor, Deborah L.

Published
2019
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21. Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated with Iron Deficiency in Children 1 to 3 Years of Age

Author

Aglipay, Mary, Anderson, Laura N., Dai, David W.H., Keown-Stoneman, Charles, Kowal, Christine, Mason, Dalah, Abdurrahman, Murtala, Anderson, Barbara, Anderson, Kelly, Arbess, Gordon, Baker, Jillian, Barozzino, Tony, Bayoumi, Imaan, Bergeron, Sylvie, Bhagat, Dimple, Blanchette, Nicholas, Bloch, Gary, Bonifacio, Joey, Bowry, Ashna, Brown, Anne, Bugera, Jennifer, Calpin, Caroline, Campbell, Douglas, Cheema, Sohail, Cheng, Elaine, Chisamore, Brian, Constantin, Evelyn, Culbert, Ellen, Danayan, Karoon, Das, Paul, Derocher, Mary Beth, Do, Anh, Dorey, Michael, Doukas, Kathleen, Egger, Anne, Farber, Allison, Freedman, Amy, Freeman, Sloane, Gazeley, Sharon, Guiang, Charlie, Ha, Dan, Handford, Curtis, Hanson, Laura, Harrington, Leah, Hatch, Hailey, Hughes, Teresa, Jacobson, Sheila, Jagiello, Lukasz, Jansz, Gwen, Jasuja, Mona, Kadar, Paul, Kiran, Tara, Knowles, Holly, Kwok, Bruce, Lakhoo, Sheila, Lam-Antoniades, Margarita, Lau, Eddy, Leduc, Denis, Leung, Fok-Han, Li, Alan, Li, Patricia, Loo, Jennifer, Louis, Joanne, Mahmoud, Sarah, Malach, Jessica, Male, Roy, Mascoll, Vashti, Meret, Aleks, Mok, Elise, Moodie, Rosemary, Morinis, Julia, Nader, Maya, Nash, Katherine, Naymark, Sharon, Owen, James, Parry, Jane, Peer, Michael, Pena, Kifi, Perlmutar, Marty, Persaud, Navindra, Pinto, Andrew, Porepa, Michelle, Qi, Vikky, Ramji, Nasreen, Ramji, Noor, Rana, Jesleen, Raza, Danyaal, Rosenthal, Alana, Rouleau, Katherine, Saunderson, Janet, Saxena, Rahul, Schiralli, Vanna, Sgro, Michael, Shuja, Hafiz, Shepherd, Susan, Smiltnieks, Barbara, Srikanthan, Cinntha, Taylor, Carolyn, Treherne, Stephen, Turner, Suzanne, Uddin, Fatima, van den Heuvel, Meta, Vaughan, Joanne, Weisdorf, Thea, Wijayasinghe, Sheila, Wong, Peter, Wormsbecker, Anne, Yaremko, John, Ying, Ethel, Young, Elizabeth, Zajdman, Michael, Bazeghi, Farnaz, Bouchard, Vincent, Bustos, Marivic, Camacho, Charmaine, Dalwadi, Dharma, Koroshegyi, Christine, Malhi, Tarandeep, Thadani, Sharon, Thompson, Julia, Thompson, Laurie, Sypes, Emma E., Parkin, Patricia C., Birken, Catherine S., Carsley, Sarah, MacArthur, Colin, Maguire, Jonathon L., and Borkhoff, Cornelia M.

Published
2019
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22. Xylitol for the prevention of acute otitis media episodes in children aged 1-5 years: a randomised controlled trial.

Author

Persaud, Navindra, Azarpazhooh, Amir, Stoneman, Charles Keown, Birken, Catherine S., Isaranuwatchai, Wanrudee, Maguire, Jonathon L., Mamdani, Muhammad, Allen, Christopher, Mason, Dalah, Kowal, Christine, Jaleel, Mateenah, Bazeghi, Farnaz, Thorpe, Kevin E., Laupacis, Andreas, and Parkin, Patricia C.

Subjects
OTITIS media, ACUTE otitis media, XYLITOL, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, COVID-19 pandemic, EMERGENCY room visits
Published
2024
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25. The Association of Breastfeeding Duration and Early Childhood Cardiometabolic Risk

Author

Lau, Eddy, Laupacis, Andreas, Salter, Michael, Szatmari, Peter, Weir, Shannon, Camacho, Charmaine, Chandraraj, Arthana, Dalwadi, Dharma, Islam, Ayesha, Jegathesan, Thivia, Malhi, Tarandeep, Smith, Megan, Thompson, Laurie, Allen, Christopher, Boodhoo, Bryan, Hall, Judith, Juni, Peter, Lebovic, Gerald, Pope, Karen, Shim, Jodi, Thorpe, Kevin, Azad, Azar, Abdullah, Kawsari, Ali, Yamna, Bayoumi, Imaan, Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Carsley, Sarah, Chen, Shiyi, Chen, Yang, Darmawikarta, Denise, Dennis, Cindy-Lee, Eny, Karen, Erdle, Stephanie, Furlong, Kayla, Kavikondala, Kanthi, Koroshegyi, Christine, Kowal, Christine, Lee, Grace Jieun, Mason, Dalah, Omand, Jessica, Persaud, Navindra, Plumptre, Lesley, van den Heuvel, Meta, Vanderhout, Shelley, Zabih, Weeda, Abdurrahman, Murtala, Anderson, Barbara, Anderson, Kelly, Arbess, Gordon, Baker, Jillian, Barozzino, Tony, Bergeron, Sylvie, Bhagat, Dimple, Blanchette, Nicholas, Bloch, Gary, Bonifacio, Joey, Bowry, Ashna, Brown, Anne, Bugera, Jennifer, Campbell, Douglas, Cheema, Sohail, Cheng, Elaine, Chisamore, Brian, Culbert, Ellen, Danayan, Karoon, Das, Paul, Derocher, Mary Beth, Do, Anh, Dorey, Michael, Doukas, Kathleen, Egger, Anne, Farber, Allison, Freedman, Amy, Freeman, Sloane, Fung, Keewai, Gazeley, Sharon, Guiang, Charlie, Ha, Dan, Handford, Curtis, Hanson, Laura, Hatch, Hailey, Hughes, Teresa, Jacobson, Sheila, Jagiello, Lukasz, Jansz, Gwen, Kadar, Paul, Kiran, Tara, Kitney, Lauren, Knowles, Holly, Kwok, Bruce, Lakhoo, Sheila, Lam-Antoniades, Margarita, Leung, Fok-Han, Li, Alan, Loo, Jennifer, Louis, Joanne, Mahmoud, Sarah, Male, Roy, Mascoll, Vashti, Moodie, Rosemary, Morinis, Julia, Nader, Maya, Naymark, Sharon, Neelands, Patricia, Owen, James, Parry, Jane, Peer, Michael, Pena, Kifi, Perlmutar, Marty, Pinto, Andrew, Pitt, Tracy, Porepa, Michelle, Qi, Vikky, Ramji, Nasreen, Ramji, Noor, Rana, Jesleen, Rosenthal, Alana, Rouleau, Katherine, Saunderson, Janet, Saxena, Rahul, Schiralli, Vanna, Sgro, Michael, Shuja, Hafiz, Shepherd, Susan, Smiltnieks, Barbara, Srikanthan, Cinntha, Taylor, Carolyn, Turner, Suzanne, Uddin, Fatima, Vaughan, Joanne, Weisdorf, Thea, Wijayasinghe, Sheila, Wormsbecker, Anne, Ying, Ethel, Young, Elizabeth, Zajdman, Michael, Zenlea, Ian, Wong, Peter D., Anderson, Laura N., Dai, David D.W., Parkin, Patricia C., Maguire, Jonathan L., and Birken, Catherine S.

Published
2018
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33. Associations Between Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk in Young Children.

Author

Vanderloo, Leigh M., Maguire, Jonathan L., Keown-Stoneman, Charles D.G., Parkin, Patricia C., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Tremblay, Mark S., Anderson, Laura N., and Birken, Catherine S.

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, HDL cholesterol, TRIGLYCERIDES, BLOOD pressure, CONFIDENCE intervals, CROSS-sectional method, MEDICAL protocols, PHYSICAL activity, SCREEN time, SLEEP, RISK assessment, BODY movement, WAIST circumference, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, GLUCOSE, ODDS ratio
Abstract

Introduction: The authors aimed to examine the association between meeting the integrative movement behavior guidelines (physical activity, screen viewing, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in young children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, physical activity, screen viewing, and sleep were assessed using parent-reported data. The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (0–4 y) were defined as 180 minutes of physical activity/day (of which ≥60 min should be moderate-to-vigorous intensity), ≤1 hour of screen viewing/day, and 10 to 13 hours of sleep/night. Waist circumference, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure were measured in a clinical setting by trained staff. A total CMR score and individual CMR factors served as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Results: Of the 767 participants (3–4 y), 26.4% met none of the guideline's recommendations, whereas 41.3%, 33.1%, and 10.6% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 recommendations, respectively. The number of recommendations met was not associated with the total CMR score or individual CMR factors (P >.05), with the exceptions of high-density lipoprotein (odds ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 2.33; P =.01). Conclusion: Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in early childhood was not associated with overall CMR, but was associated with favorable cholesterol outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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41. Examining the Double Burden of Underweight, Overweight/Obesity and Iron Deficiency among Young Children in a Canadian Primary Care Setting.

Author

Borkhoff, Sean A., Parkin, Patricia C., Birken, Catherine S., Maguire, Jonathon L., Macarthur, Colin, and Borkhoff, Cornelia M.

Abstract

There is little evidence on the prevalence of the double burden and association between body mass index (BMI) and iron deficiency among young children living in high-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study of healthy children, 12–29 months of age, recruited during health supervision visits in Toronto, Canada, and concurrently measured BMI and serum ferritin. The prevalence of a double burden of underweight (zBMI < −2) and iron deficiency or overweight/obesity (zBMI > 2) and iron deficiency was calculated. Regression models examined BMI and serum ferritin as continuous and categorical variables, adjusted for covariates. We found the following in terms of prevalence among 1953 children (mean age 18.3 months): underweight 2.6%, overweight/obesity 4.9%, iron deficiency 13.8%, iron-deficiency anemia 5.4%, underweight and iron deficiency 0.4%, overweight/obesity and iron deficiency 1.0%. The change in median serum ferritin for each unit of zBMI was −1.31 µg/L (95% CI −1.93, −0.68, p < 0.001). Compared with normal weight, we found no association between underweight and iron deficiency; meanwhile, overweight/obesity was associated with a higher odds of iron deficiency (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.22, 3.78, p = 0.008). A double burden of overweight/obesity and iron deficiency occurs in about 1.0% of young children in this high-income setting. For risk stratification and targeted screening in young children, overweight/obesity should be added to the list of important risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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43. Diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound for orbital cellulitis: A systematic review.

Author

Anwar, Mohammed Rashidul, Mahant, Sanjay, Agbaje-Ojo, Toni, Mahood, Quenby, Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Parkin, Patricia C., and Gill, Peter J.

Subjects
CROSS-sectional imaging, CELLULITIS, DIAGNOSIS methods, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, COMPUTED tomography, ULTRASONIC imaging, DIAGNOSTIC ultrasonic imaging
Abstract

Background: Periorbital and orbital cellulitis are inflammatory conditions of the eye that can be difficult to distinguish using clinical examination alone. Computer tomography (CT) scans are often used to differentiate these two infections and to evaluate for complications. Orbital ultrasound (US) could be used as a diagnostic tool to supplement or replace CT scans as the main diagnostic modality. No prior systematic review has evaluated the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of ultrasound compared to cross-sectional imaging. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of studies evaluating the DTA of orbital ultrasound compared with cross-sectional imaging, to diagnose orbital cellulitis. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 10, 2022. All study types were included that enrolled patients of any age with suspected or diagnosed orbital cellulitis who underwent ultrasound and a diagnostic reference standard (i.e., CT or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). Two authors screened titles/abstracts for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Results: Of the 3548 studies identified, 20 were included: 3 cohort studies and 17 case reports/series. None of the cohort studies directly compared the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound with CT or MRI, and all had high risk of bias. Among the 46 participants, diagnostic findings were interpretable in 18 (39%) cases which reported 100% accuracy. We were unable to calculate sensitivity and specificity due to limited data. In the descriptive analysis of the case reports, ultrasound was able to diagnose orbital cellulitis in most (n = 21/23) cases. Conclusion: Few studies have evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of orbital ultrasound for orbital cellulitis. The limited evidence based on low quality studies suggests that ultrasound may provide helpful diagnostic information to differentiate orbital inflammation. Future research should focus studies to determine the accuracy of orbital US and potentially reduce unnecessary exposure to radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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46. Association of Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children 3-12 Years.

Author

Vanderloo, Leigh M., Maguire, Jonathan L., Dai, David W. H., Parkin, Patricia C., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Tremblay, Mark S., Anderson, Laura N., and Birken, Catherine S.

Subjects
PHYSICAL activity, HEART metabolism disorders, TRIGLYCERIDES, SYSTOLIC blood pressure, HIGH density lipoproteins
Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and a total cardio metabolic risk (CMR) score in children aged 3-12 years. Secondary objectives were to examine the association between PA and individual CMR factors. Methods: A longitudinal study with repeated measures was conducted with participants from a large primary care practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. Mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between parent-reported physical activity and outcome variables (total CMR score, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, weight-to-height ratio, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Results: Data from 1885 children (6.06 y, 54.4% male) with multiple visits (n = 2670) were included in the analyses. For every unit increase of 60 minutes of PA, there was no evidence of an association with total CMR score (adjusted: -0.02 [-0.014 to 0.004], P = .11]. For the individual CMR components, there was evidence of a weak association between PA and systolic blood pressure (-0.01 [-0.03 to -0.01], P < .001) and waist-to-height ratio (-0.81 [-1.62 to -0.003], P < .001). Conclusion: Parentreported PA among children aged 3-12 years was not statistically associated with total CMR, but was weakly associated with systolic blood pressure and waist-to-height ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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47. Effect of a Pediatric Early Warning System on All-Cause Mortality in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: The EPOCH Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Parshuram, Christopher S., Dryden-Palmer, Karen, Farrell, Catherine, Gottesman, Ronald, Gray, Martin, Hutchison, James S., Helfaer, Mark, Hunt, Elizabeth A., Joffe, Ari R., Lacroix, Jacques, Moga, Michael Alice, Nadkarni, Vinay, Ninis, Nelly, Parkin, Patricia C., Wensley, David, Willan, Andrew R., and Tomlinson, George A.

Published
2018
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48. Body Weight at Age Four Years and Readiness to Start School: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Author

Omand, Jessica A., Li, Xuedi, Keown-Stoneman, Charles D.G., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Duku, Eric, Lebovic, Gerald, Maguire, Jonathon L., Mamdani, Muhammad M., Parkin, Patricia C., Reid-Westoby, Caroline, Randall Simpson, Janis, Tremblay, Mark S., Janus, Magdalena, Birken, Catherine S., Anderson, Laura N., Bayoumi, Imaan, Jaleel, Mateenah, Li, Patricia, Levy McFarlane, Natricha, and Parkin, Pat

Published
2023
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