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An Aquatic Habitability Index is proposed, based on Quantitative Habitability Theory, and considering a very general model for life. It is a primary habitability index, measuring habitability for phytoplankton in the first place. The index is applied to some case studies, such as the habitability changes in Earth due to environmental perturbations caused by asteroid impacts.

Reliable energy supply remains a crucial challenge in the Internet of Things (IoT). Although relying on batteries is cost-effective for a few devices, it is neither a scalable nor a sustainable charging solution as the network grows massive. Besides, current energy-saving technologies alone cannot cope, for instance, with the vision of zero-energy devices and the deploy-and-forget paradigm which can unlock a myriad of new use cases. In this context, sustainable radio frequency wireless energy transfer emerges as an attractive solution for efficiently charging the next generation of ultra low power IoT devices. Herein, we highlight that sustainable charging is broader than conventional green charging, as it focuses on balancing economy prosperity and social equity in addition to environmental health. We discuss the economic implications of powering energy transmitters with ambient energy sources, and reveal insights on their optimal deployment. Moreover, we overview different methods for modeling the energy arrival process of ambient energy sources and discuss their application in different use cases. We highlight the potential of integrating sustainable WET with energy harvesting from nearby transmitters and discuss enhancements in energy receiver design. We also illustrate the role of different technologies in enabling sustainable WET and exemplify various use cases. Besides, we reveal insights into low-complexity architectures designed at the energy transmitters. We highlight relevant research challenges and candidate solutions.

La selección del revestimiento refractario de las cucharas se ha basado, hasta el presente, en criterios prácticos de los tecnólogos metalúrgicos. En el presente artículo se expone, por primera vez en la literatura especializada, la aplicación comparada de dos operadores de generación de opciones de materiales por zonas de acuerdo al esquema de descomposición en los algoritmos evolutivos multiobjetivos para el tratamiento de la tarea de selección de materiales. Se realizan las validaciones numéricas de funcionamiento de ambos operadores, así como, la comparación de sus resultados en cuanto a eficiencia y calidad de las soluciones obtenidas en las ejecuciones computacionales de ambos algoritmos. Estos operadores se implementaron bajo el concepto del método de Integración de Variables. En particular, se utiliza el operador de búsqueda aleatoria de un código variable y un operador genético de ordenamiento de soluciones no dominadas, basado en un algoritmo genético elitista (NSGAII) aplicados al problema estudiado.