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Background: residents are vulnerable to suffer of dehydration due to physiological changes and the physical and cognitive limitations.Aim: to handle this situation, it has been decided to evaluate the interventions which are carried out for the management of dehydration and low fluid intake in older people living in nursing homes.Methods: the revised scientific literature review methodology of PRISMA was applied. An electronic database search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and other sources databases. The literature search was carried out between October 2016 and January 2017. Out of a total of 3,379 articles extracted, eleven studies were selected for analysis. In addition, their quality was assessed through Cochrane and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results: the risk of bias in the studies was mostly medium. Regarding the results, the interventions were classified according to whether they were invasive or non-invasive. Invasive interventions were intravenous and/or subcutaneous fluid therapy. Their effectiveness was related to the clinical improvement of dehydration. However, local reactions appeared. Non-invasive interventions focused on the individualized assistance, the stimulation to drink more and the consideration of the preferences of each resident, producing an increase in fluid intake and an improvement in analytical parameters.Conclusions: given the peculiarities of the institutionalized elderly population, both types of intervention have been shown to have a positive effect on improving hydration. Nonetheless, non-invasive interventions have confirmed to be more efficient given their simplicity of application and cause fewer adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: residents are vulnerable to suffer of dehydration due to physiological changes and the physical and cognitive limitations., Aim: to handle this situation, it has been decided to evaluate the interventions which are carried out for the management of dehydration and low fluid intake in older people living in nursing homes., Methods: the revised scientific literature review methodology of PRISMA was applied. An electronic database search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and other sources databases. The literature search was carried out between October 2016 and January 2017. Out of a total of 3,379 articles extracted, eleven studies were selected for analysis. In addition, their quality was assessed through Cochrane and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale., Results: the risk of bias in the studies was mostly medium. Regarding the results, the interventions were classified according to whether they were invasive or non-invasive. Invasive interventions were intravenous and/or subcutaneous fluid therapy. Their effectiveness was related to the clinical improvement of dehydration. However, local reactions appeared. Non-invasive interventions focused on the individualized assistance, the stimulation to drink more and the consideration of the preferences of each resident, producing an increase in fluid intake and an improvement in analytical parameters., Conclusions: given the peculiarities of the institutionalized elderly population, both types of intervention have been shown to have a positive effect on improving hydration. Nonetheless, non-invasive interventions have confirmed to be more efficient given their simplicity of application and cause fewer adverse effects.

Objective: To determine the association between frailty in older persons and mortality in the city of Lleida (Spain) between 2009 and 2012., Methods: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study based on persons living in the city of Lleida aged 75 years and older, covered by the public health system and living in single-family households. The cross-sectional study was performed between 2009 and 2010 and longitudinal study was carried out 3 years later (median 25 months)., Results: Survival was lower in frail individuals than in pre-frail and non-frail individuals (log rank=10.56; p=0.005). In addition to frailty (HR=4.95; 95%CI: 1.71-14.31). Age was also a significant predictor (HR=2.87; 95%CI: 1.02-8.26)., Conclusion: A higher level of frailty was associated with an increased risk of death at 2 years in a prospective cohort of elderly persons older than 75 years living in their own homes in the city of Lleida., (Copyright © 2014 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objective: To assess the association between Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Fried frailty index in older people living in the community., Material and Method: Cross-sectional study of individuals aged 75 and over living in the community., Variables: nutritional status measured by Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) and MNA, and frailty measured by Fried's frailty criteria., Results: The sample consisted of 640 individuals with a mean age of 81.3±5.0 years; 39.7% were men. According to the MNA-SF, 76.9% of patients were well nourished, 19.8% were at risk of malnutrition and 1.9% were malnourished, while percentages were 78.1, 19.6 and 2.3%, respectively, according to the MNA. According to Fried criteria, 43.4% were not frail, 47% were pre-frail and 9.6% were frail. The largest proportion of frail subjects were at risk of malnutrition. The higher the score of MNA components, the higher was the frailty index. Likewise, there was a significant association between the 5 frailty criteria and the categories of MNA and MNA-SF. The area under the ROC curve for the MNA-SF was 0.75 while for the MNA it was 0.80., Conclusions: The results presented show a clear association between Mini Nutritional Assessment and Fried's criteria. They also suggest that the "nutritional risk" MNA category is the one most strongly associated with the Fried's frailty index., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate a waterborne outbreak in the population of València d'Àneu (Lleida, Spain)., Methods: A cohort study of consumption of mains water, bottled water and spring water was carried out. The sample was obtained by telephone contact with all private numbers in the municipality. We surveyed 58.3% of the population census (105/180) for water consumption, number of glasses drunk daily and symptoms. The water supply in the municipal system was sampled, and the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in the stool samples of 10 patients was determined. The association of each type of water was studied with estimation of relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)., Results: The overall attack rate was 64.8% (68/105). The epidemic curve was consistent with an exposure of 6 days. Consumption of public supply water was associated with gastroenteritis (RR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.5-11.9). In addition, a dose-response relationship was found (χ(2)=34.1; p <0.001). There was a higher risk of illness in consumers of 2-3 glasses per day (RR=4.3; CI 95%: 1.9-9.9) and in those drinking more than three glasses per day (RR=4.9; 95% CI: 2.2 -10.9). The chlorinator of mains water froze and stopped working. Six stool cultures were positive for Shigella sonnei., Conclusions: A waterborne outbreak of S. sonnei was caused by contamination of the public water supply. Investigation of illegal dumping of wastewater was recommended. Municipalities should ensure proper disinfection systems and prevent spillage near deposits., (2010 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to define the factors associated with the presence or risk of malnutrition in older adults (>65 years of age) attending health care centers in Lleida, Catalonia, using a cross-sectional study approach. Nutritional parameters assessed included the Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale, sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, functional and cognitive status, swallowing and oral problems, texture and route of administration of the diet, changes in dietary intake, and presence of digestive disorders. A total of 398 individuals (184 men) with an average age of 77 years were included in the assessment. Poor nutritional status was recorded in 58% of the individuals. Factors independently associated with unsatisfactory nutritional status included weight loss, functional dependence, cognitive impairment, loneliness, living without a partner, history of heart disease, lung disease, and the presence of acute vomiting.