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Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of endoscopic procedures for treating vesico‐urethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS) after prostatectomy, as initial VUAS management remains unclear. Methods: A search of the MEDLINE database, the Cochrane database, and clinicaltrials.gov was performed (last search February 2023) using the following query: (['bladder neck' OR 'vesicourethral anastomotic' OR 'anastomotic'] AND ['stricture' OR 'stenosis' OR 'contracture'] AND 'prostatectomy'). The primary outcome was the success rate of VUAS treatment, defined by the proportion (%) of patients without VUAS recurrence at the end of follow‐up. Results: The literature search identified 420 studies. After the screening, 78 reports were assessed for eligibility, and 40 studies were included in the review. The pooled characteristics of the 40 studies provided a total of 1452 patients, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow‐up of 23.7 (13–32) months and age of 66 (64–68) years. The overall success rate (95% confidence interval [CI]) of all endoscopic procedures for VUAS treatment was 72.8% (64.4%–79.9%). Meta‐regression models showed a negative influence of radiotherapy on the overall success rate (P = 0.012). After trim‐and‐fill (addition of 10 studies), the corrected overall success rate (95% CI) was 62.9% (53.6%–71.4%). Conclusion: This first meta‐analysis of endoscopic treatment success rate after VUAS reported an overall success rate of 72.8%, lowered to 62.9% after correcting for significant publication bias. This study also highlighted the need for a more thorough reporting of post‐prostatectomy VUAS data to understand the treatment pathway and provide higher‐quality evidence‐based care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Growing evidence supports an association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and subsequent psychotic disorders. Both disorders share physiopathological features such as attention deficits, dopaminergic imbalance, and genetic susceptibility. However, the results of epidemiologic studies have been conflicting.Objective: To provide a quantitative synthesis of studies exploring the association between ADHD and the risk of subsequent psychotic disorder.Data Sources: A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases was performed from inception until the final analysis on July 7, 2020. No restriction of language was applied.Study Selection: Cohort and case-control studies examining the relative risk of developing a psychotic disorder in people diagnosed with ADHD at younger than 18 years compared with control individuals without ADHD.Data Extraction and Synthesis: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were followed in reporting results. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of individual studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Preferably adjusted odds ratios (aORs) or hazard ratios from the identified studies were extracted, and ORs were computed when they were not adjusted. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative effect using the meta package in R.Main Outcomes and Measures: An association between ADHD (exposure) and psychotic disorder (outcomes); both diagnoses were based on international classification.Results: A total of 15 studies were included in the review. Twelve studies were pooled in the meta-analysis, representing 1.85 million participants. A diagnosis of ADHD in childhood was associated with a significant increase in the risk of subsequent psychotic disorder, with a pooled relative effect of 4.74 (95% CI, 4.11-5.46; I2 = 43% [95% CI, 0%-70%]). No significant between-group differences were found for subgroup analyses according to psychotic disorder (odds ratio [OR], 5.04; 95% CI, 4.36-5.83) or schizophrenia (OR, 4.59; 95% CI, 3.83-5.50) outcomes, cohort (OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 4.04-5.34) or case-control (OR, 6.81; 95% CI, 4.21-11.03) study design, and adjusted (OR, 4.72; 95% CI, 4.11-5.46) or unadjusted (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.39-10.49) estimates. Meta-regressions were not significant when sex and bias score were used as covariates. No evidence of publication bias was found.Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that childhood ADHD is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent psychotic disorder. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms linking these common conditions and whether early intervention for ADHD might reduce the risk of subsequent psychotic disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antipsychotics are used in a large variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders; investigating their use in real life is important to understand national prescribing practices, as well as to determine the levels of patient adherence., Methods: Using a 1/97e random sample (General Sample of Beneficiaries, EGB) of the French health insurance reimbursement database, we conducted a historical cohort study on the 2007-2017 period. The aim was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, the types of antipsychotics dispensed, the types of prescribers, the mean doses and average durations of treatment, the co-dispensed medications, and the levels of adherence to treatment. To exclude punctual uses of antipsychotics, we selected only patients with a continuous dispensing of the same antipsychotic over at least 3 months., Results: In total, 13,799 subjects (1.66% of the EGB sample) were included (56.0% females; mean age 55.8 ± 19.4 years). Risperidone (19.3%), cyamemazine (18.7%), olanzapine (11.9%), tiapride (8.8%), and haloperidol (7.5%) were the five most prescribed antipsychotics. 44.9% of prescriptions were written by general practitioners, 34.1% by hospital practitioners, and 18.4% by private-practice psychiatrists. On average, the mean dispensed doses were relatively low, but the variation range was large. Long-acting forms were used in 5.4% of the sample, and clozapine in 1.3%. 34.2% of patients received more than one antipsychotic, and almost 15% were prescribed at least three concomitant antipsychotics. Paliperidone and clozapine were associated with the highest levels of adherence, and risperidone and haloperidol with the lowest ones., Conclusion: An important heterogeneity of antipsychotic prescribing practices was observed in France. The rate of use of long-acting antipsychotics was low, whereas multiple antipsychotic prescriptions were frequent., Competing Interests: Author BR received fees for consultancy or lectures, or research grants (but not for this study), from Gilead, Abbvie, MSD, Ethypharm, Indivior, Camurus, Recordati, Grü; nenthal, Janssen, Accord Healthcare, PolPharma, Lundbeck, Zentiva, Shire, HAC Pharma, Panaxia, and PileJe. Authors FD, MBér, FJ, and MBel were employed by PELyon. Author EV received grants and personal fees from PELyon, outside the submitted work. Author NG declared to have been invited to a congress by Janssen-Cilag. Author LC reported having received lecture and expertise fees and conference fundings from Indivior. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Rolland, Dalon, Gauthier, Nourredine, Bérard, Carton, Brousse, Llorca, Jacoud, Van Ganse and Belhassen.)