43 results on '"Nisbet C"'
Search Results
2. Determination of Benzo[a]pyrene in Turkish döner Kebab Samples Cooked with Charcoal or Gas Fire
- Author
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Terzi, G., Çelik, T. H., and Nisbet, C.
- Published
- 2008
3. Elevated Plasma Levels of Interleukin 1β, Tumour Necrosis Factor α and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 Are Associated with Pregnancy Toxaemia in Ewes
- Author
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Yarım, G. F., Karahan, S., and Nisbet, C.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Characterization of Potato rough dwarf virus and Potato virus P: distinct strains of the same viral species in the genus Carlavirus
- Author
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Nisbet, C., Butzonitch, I., Colavita, M., Daniels, J., Martin, J., Burns, R., George, E., Akhond, M. A. Y., Mulholland, V., and Jeffries, C. J.
- Published
- 2006
5. Biological and molecular characterization of Potato yellow blotch virus, a new species of the genus Potyvirus.
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Nisbet, C., Monger, W. A., Ross, S., Holmes, R. F., Nova, Y., Thomson, C., Goodfellow, H. A., Lacomme, C., and Jeffries, C. J.
- Subjects
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POTATO virus A , *POTYVIRUSES , *PLANT breeding , *PLANT genomes , *PLANT species - Abstract
A new species of the genus Potyvirus infecting potatoes, with the proposed name Potato yellow blotch virus (PYBV), was discovered in a breeding line 99m‐022‐026 in Scotland. The infected plants show isolated yellow blotches on the leaves. The genome of PYBV contains a large open reading frame encoding a single polyprotein of 3054 amino acids. Sequence analysis shows that PYBV is closely related to Potato virus A (PVA), with an overall 72% identity at the nucleotide level for the whole genome. The least conserved P1 protease gene shares only 50% nucleotide identity with PVA. The host range of PYBV was comparable to PVA on solanaceaous and non‐solanaceous indicator plant species with the exception of Solanum demissum A and Y. Different symptoms were also observed for PYBV and PVA in Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana hesperis and Nicotiana occidentalis P1. The susceptibility of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars to PYBV and PVA was similar. In over 5 years of investigation, PYBV has not been found in commercial seed and ware potato crops in Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Euphresco project VirusCollect - fulfilling the need for a common collection of plant viruses and viroids for reference.
- Author
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Roenhorst, J. W., Lacomme, C., Nisbet, C., Leichtfried, T., Menzel, W., Winter, S., and Vlugt, R. A. A.
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PLANT viruses ,BIOLOGICAL control of plant diseases - Abstract
Copyright of EPPO Bulletin is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2017
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7. Therapeutic effects of probiotic bacteria in parvoviral enteritis in dogs.
- Author
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Arslan, H. H., Aksu, D. Saripinar, Terzi, G., and Nisbet, C.
- Abstract
The article discusses a study on the therapeutic effects of probiotic bacteria as compared with single supporting and symptomatic therapy, against canine parvovirus (CPV) infection in dogs. A total of 20 dogs of various breeds with clinical signs indicative of CPV enteritis were used for the study. Four puppies, whose care conditions were not as good died within the first 3 days of treatment depending on the complication of the disease. It indicates that probiotics are beneficial in CPV therapy and its use in the therapy of CPV entiritis can increase the rate of successful therapy and heighten achievement of recovery.
- Published
- 2012
8. Comparative evaluation of the effects of florfenicol and tulathromycin on clinical recovery and acute phase proteins in undifferentiated natural bovine respiratory disease.
- Author
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ARSLAN, H. H., YAVUZ, O., NISBET, C., CENESIZ, S., and AKSU, D. S.
- Abstract
The article discusses a research study on undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and the effects of tulathromycin and florfenicol on acute phase proteins and clinical recovery. Thirty local race feedlot cattle from various herds in Samsuan province, Turkey, aged 1-3 years and weighing 80 to 280 kilograms (kg) were examined and clinical symptoms were observed including body temperature, hyperpneoa and lung sounds while blood samples were collected before and after treatment. Results of the comparative evaluation include no statistical difference between the two groups before treatment but difference in mean recovery scores as to correlation with serum acute phase protein levels of tulathromycin and florfenicol where only 6 in Group I and 4 in Group II were completely healed.
- Published
- 2010
9. INVESTIGATION OF THE PRESENCE OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES (ESBL) IN MULTIRESISTANT STRAINS OF E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES ORIGINATED FROM DOMESTIC ANIMALS.
- Author
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Nisbet, C., Yarim, G. F., Gumusova, S. O., and Yazici, Z.
- Subjects
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ESCHERICHIA coli , *SALMONELLA enteritidis , *DOMESTIC animals , *GENES , *BACTERIA , *ANTIBIOTICS , *TETRACYCLINE - Abstract
Bacterial strains which possess genes to produce ESBL most often are multiresistant and also carry genes responsible for the resistance to most other antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim and fluoroquinolones. Therefore, practically the biggest contemporary clinical problem are infections of humans and animals caused by ESBL-producing strains of E. coli, Kleibsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Serratia, Citrobacter, Salmonella and Shigella species. The investigation of the ESBL presence was completed on multiresistant E. coli and Salmonella strains originating from dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. The investigated strains were isolated from ear, skin, vaginal, faecal, urine, egg and eggshell swabs, from healthy and diseased individual animals of various ages and breed categories. The sum of 112 E. coli and 45 Salmonella strains was investigated. All strains resistant to 3 or more antibiotics were categorized as multiresistant, which led to a conclusion that 35 E. coli and 6 Salmonella strains out of all investigated were multiresistant to antibiotics. The largest number of multiresistant E. coli strains was discovered in cattle — 12 in total, and the minimal number in goats and sheep, with two strains each. All multiresistant Salmonella strains belonged to the Salmonella Enteritidis species (S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis). The sum of multiresistant Salmonella strains compared to all investigated strains was relatively low (13.3%), but the resistance prevalence for some antibiotics in these strains was extremely high, for ampicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid as high as 100%, and for tetracycline 83.3%. For the control in this investigation were used ESBL positive E. coli strains originated in human urine specimens. No presence of positive ESBL strains was established. However, when the screening investigation was performed, almost all the strains were suspect, thus a confirmatory test had to be performed for all strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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10. Honey in wound care in complete denture wearers: a pilot study.
- Author
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Ceylan, G., Yılmaz, N., Nisbet, H. Ö., Nisbet, C., Dede, D. Ö., Hoşgör, F., and Kunt, G. Ergün
- Abstract
It is known that wearing complete dentures may result in traumatic ulcers on the underlying denture bearing mucosa. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of topical application of honey on traumatic ulcers healing. Thirty-five completely edentulous patients without any medical conditions were included in this study. Traumatic ulcer areas were measured by the same clinician on the first and third days after placement of new fabricated complete dentures. Data were analysed by the Student's t-test. There was a significant difference between the salt water rinse group and honey application group in the overall patients' assessment (p<0·05). Visual analogue scale scores were obtained in study groups. There is evidence that honey relieved the symptoms earlier than salt water. It was concluded that the topical application of honey on traumatic ulcers was found effective in shortening the duration of wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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11. Purple Heron, nr Letham, Fife, April 2011 - the first Fife record.
- Author
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ELKINS, N. and NISBET, C.
- Abstract
The author provides information on the Purple Heron he sighted while paying his monthly visit to the flooded gravel pits at Mountcastle Quarry in Scotland. He describes the heron as smaller than the Grey Hernon and has a slimmer neck. He further describes the heron as having a bill that was tilted upwards slightly when not fishing. Using his 60x telescope lens at 300 millimeter, he notes that the heron's throat and chin were white, extending down to the breast.
- Published
- 2011
12. Estimation of organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of stems and seeds of the Juncus acutus plant in ruminant nutrition.
- Author
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Erdem, F., Cetinkaya, N., Nisbet, C., and Altin, E.
- Subjects
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RUMINANT nutrition , *JUNCUS , *ORGANIC compounds , *PHENOLS , *SEEDS , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *ANIMAL nutrition - Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to determine the organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of stems and seeds of Juncus acutus. Stem and seed samples were collected from Hamsiloz Bay in Sinop, Turkey, and the proximate analysis was carried on them. The OMD percentage and ME values of the samples were estimated from gas measured by the in vitro gas production method. Phenolic and flavonoid concentrations and total antioxidant activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Mean OMD, MEOMD and MEGP levels and gas production kinetic parameters A, c and T1/2 of J. acutus stem and seed samples were 40.3% and 47.7%; 6.44 and 7.63 MJ/kg DM, 5.96 and 7.07 MJ/kg DM, 35.12 and 47.19 mL, 0.055% and 0.092%, and 12.60 and 7.53 h, respectively. Mean OMD percentage, ME and gas production kinetic parameters A, c and T1/2 of the stems were significantly different than that of the seed. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of stems and seeds of J. acutus were 88.45 and 88.48 IC50 mg/mL, 19.70 and 40.99 mg GAE/100 g and 0.63 and 1.20 mg Qe/100 g, respectively. Mean values of total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of stems were significantly different from that of the seeds. In conclusion, both stems and seeds of J. acutus may be considered alternative feed sources for ruminants. Furthermore, when J. acutus stems and seeds are included in ruminant diet, the phenolic compounds may contribute to the intake of natural antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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13. Use of Dicranum polysetum extract against Paenibacillus larvae causing American Foulbrood under in vivo and in vitro conditions.
- Author
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Karaoğlu ŞA, Bıyık S, Nisbet C, Akpınar R, Bozdeveci A, Suyabatmaz Ş, Güler A, Kaya S, Yeşilyurt A, Batan N, and Yaylı N
- Subjects
- Bees, Animals, United States, Larva microbiology, Ethanol metabolism, Phenols pharmacology, Phenols metabolism, Paenibacillus larvae physiology, Bacterial Infections, Paenibacillus metabolism
- Abstract
Recent research shows that Dicranum species can be used to ameliorate the negative effects of honeybee bacterial diseases and that novel compounds isolated from these species may have the potential to treat bacterial diseases. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Dicranum polysetum Sw. against American Foulbrood using toxicity and larval model. The effectiveness of D. polysetum Sw. ethanol extract in combating AFB was investigated in vitro and in vivo. This study is important in finding an alternative treatment or prophylactic method to prevent American Foulbrood disease in honey bee colonies. Spore and vegetative forms of Paenibacillus larvae PB31B with ethanol extract of D. polysetum were tested on 2040 honey bee larvae under controlled conditions. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of D. polysetum ethanol extracts were determined as 80.72 mg/GAE(Gallic acid equivalent) and 303.20 µg/mL, respectively. DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging percent inhibition value was calculated as 4.32%. In Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Lymantria dispar (LD652) cell lines, the cytotoxic activities of D. polysetum extract were below 20% at 50 µg/mL. The extract was shown to considerably decrease infection in the larvae, and the infection was clinically halted when the extract was administered during the first 24 h after spore contamination. The fact that the extract contains potent antimicrobial/antioxidant activity does not reduce larval viability and live weight, and does not interact with royal jelly is a promising development, particularly regarding its use to treat early-stage AFB infection., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2023
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14. Phytochemicals, antimicrobial, and sporicidal activities of moss, Dicranum polysetum Sw., against certain honey bee bacterial pathogens.
- Author
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Karaoğlu ŞA, Yayli N, Akpinar R, Bozdeveci A, Erik İ, Suyabatmaz Ş, Korkmaz B, Batan N, Kaya S, Nisbet C, and Güler A
- Subjects
- Bees, Animals, Larva, Plant Extracts, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Phytochemicals
- Abstract
Beekeeping is an important agricultural and commercial activity globally practiced. Honey bee is attacked by certain infectious pathogens. Most important brood diseases are bacterial including American Foulbrood (AFB), caused by Paenibacillus larvae (P. larvae), and European Foulbrood (EFB) by Melissococcus plutonius (M. plutonius) in addition of secondary invaders, e.g. Paenibacillus alvei (P. alvei) and Paenibacillus dendritiformis (P. dendritiformis). These bacteria cause the death of larvae in honey bee colonies. In this work, antibacterial activities of extracts, fractions, and isolated certain compounds (nominated 1-3) all originated from moss, Dicranum polysetum Sw. ( D. polysetum), were tested against some honey bee bacterial pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and sporicidal values of methanol extract, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions ranged between 10.4 and 18.98, 83.4-303.75 & 5.86-18.98 µg/mL against P. larvae, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate sub-fractions (fraction) and the isolated compounds (1-3) were tested against AFB- and EFB-causing bacteria. Bio-guided chromatographic separation of ethyl acetate fraction, a crude methanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of D. polysetum resulted in three natural compounds: a novel one, i.e. glycer-2-yl hexadeca-4-yne-7Z,10Z,13Z-trienoate (1, dicrapolysetoate; given as trivial name), in addition to two known triterpenoids poriferasterol (2), and γ-taraxasterol (3). Minimum inhibitory concentration ranges were 1.4-60.75, 8.12-65.0, 2.09-33.44 & 1.8-28.75 µg/mL for sub-fractions, compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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15. Biological Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Dicranum scoparium against the Bacterial Disease for Honey Bee.
- Author
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Alpay Karaoğlu Ş, Yayli N, Erik İ, Korkmaz B, Akpinar R, Bozdeveci A, Suyabatmaz Ş, Batan N, Yeşilyurt A, Kaya S, Nisbet C, and Güler A
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bees, Methanol, Phytochemicals, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Water, Bacterial Infections, Hexanes
- Abstract
Bacterial diseases, such as American Foulbrood (AFB) and European Foulbrood (EFB), are known to have catastrophic effects on honey bees (if left to spread, can wipe out entire colonies), leading to severe financial losses in the beekeeping industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological properties of methanol extract and its fractions (ethyl acetate, hexane, water) derived from Dicranum scoparium Hedw., which could be utilized as a potential drug to prevent the bacterial diseases (AFB and EFB) affecting the honey bees. For this purpose, crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate/hexane/water fractions were prepared from the aerial part of D. scoparium, collected from Trabzon province. Bio-guided fractionation of the extract and its fractions led to the first-time isolation of five compounds. The structure of all compounds was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectral analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (LC-QToF-MS), and by comparison of their NMR data with that of literature. The analysis of these compounds revealed significant antibacterial and sporicidal activities against bacteria causing larval diseases in honey bees. The antibacterial activity of these compounds ranged from 0.6 to 60 μg/mL against AFB and EFB causing bacteria. Therefore, the natural raw extract and fractions of D. scoparium could be used as potential therapeutic agents against bacterial agents affecting honey bees., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)
- Published
- 2022
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16. Food Security Interventions among Refugees around the Globe: A Scoping Review.
- Author
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Nisbet C, Lestrat KE, and Vatanparast H
- Subjects
- Agriculture, Female, Food, Food Security, Food Supply, Humans, Refugees
- Abstract
There are 26 million refugees globally, with as many as 80% facing food insecurity irrespective of location. Food insecurity results in malnutrition beginning at an early age and disproportionately affects certain groups such as women. Food security is a complex issue and must consider gender, policies, social and cultural contexts that refugees face. Our aim is to assess what is known about food security interventions in refugees and identify existing gaps in knowledge. This scoping review followed the guidelines set out in the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. We included all articles that discussed food security interventions in refugees published between 2010 and 2020. A total of 57 articles were eligible for this study with most interventions providing cash, vouchers, or food transfers; urban agriculture, gardening, animal husbandry, or foraging; nutrition education; and infant and young child feeding. Urban agriculture and nutrition education were more prevalent in destination countries. While urban agriculture was a focus of the FAO and cash/voucher interventions were implemented by the WFP, the level of collaboration between UN agencies was unclear. Food security was directly measured in 39% of studies, half of which used the UN's Food Consumption Score, and the remainder using a variety of methods. As substantiated in the literature, gender considerations are vital to the success of food security interventions, and although studies include this in the planning process, few see gender considerations through to implementation. Including host communities in food security interventions improves the refugee-host relationship. Collaboration should be encouraged among aid organizations. To assess intervention efficacy, food security should be measured with a consistent tool. With the number of refugees in the world continuing to rise, further efforts are required to transition from acute aid to sustainability through livelihood strategies.
- Published
- 2022
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17. Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Great Skuas: A Species of Conservation Concern in Great Britain.
- Author
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Banyard AC, Lean FZX, Robinson C, Howie F, Tyler G, Nisbet C, Seekings J, Meyer S, Whittard E, Ashpitel HF, Bas M, Byrne AMP, Lewis T, James J, Stephan L, Lewis NS, Brown IH, Hansen RDE, and Reid SM
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Wild virology, Disease Outbreaks, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype classification, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype pathogenicity, Influenza in Birds epidemiology, Influenza in Birds mortality, Influenza in Birds transmission, Scotland epidemiology, Seasons, Virulence, Charadriiformes virology, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza in Birds virology
- Abstract
The UK and Europe have seen successive outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza across the 2020/21 and 2021/22 autumn/winter seasons. Understanding both the epidemiology and transmission of these viruses in different species is critical to aid mitigating measures where outbreaks cause extensive mortalities in both land- and waterfowl. Infection of different species can result in mild or asymptomatic outcomes, or acute infections that result in high morbidity and mortality levels. Definition of disease outcome in different species is of great importance to understanding the role different species play in the maintenance and transmission of these pathogens. Further, the infection of species that have conservation value is also important to recognise and characterise to understand the impact on what might be limited wild populations. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has been detected in great skuas ( Stercorarius skua ) across different colonies on islands off the shore of Scotland, Great Britain during summer 2021. A large number of great skuas were observed as developing severe clinical disease and dying during the epizootic and mortalities were estimated to be high where monitored. Of eight skuas submitted for post-mortem examination, seven were confirmed as being infected with this virus using a range of diagnostic assays. Here we overview the outbreak event that occurred in this species, listed as species of conservation concern in Great Britain and outline the importance of this finding with respect to virus transmission and maintenance.
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- 2022
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18. Health promotion interventions supporting Indigenous healthy ageing: a scoping review.
- Author
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Oosman S, Nisbet C, Smith L, and Abonyi S
- Subjects
- Aged, Canada, Health Promotion, Humans, Indigenous Peoples, Population Groups, Healthy Aging
- Abstract
Aging well is a priority in Canada and globally, particularly for older Indigenous adults experiencing an increased risk of chronic conditions. Little is known about health promotion interventions for older Indigenous adults and most literature is framed within Eurocentric paradigms that are not always relevant to Indigenous populations. This scoping review, guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA-ScR Checklist, explores the literature on Indigenous health promoting interventions across the lifespan, with specific attention to Indigenous worldview and the role of older Indigenous adults within these interventions. To ensure respectful and meaningful engagement of Indigenous peoples, articles were included in the Collaborate or Shared Leadership categories on the Continuum of Engagement. Fifteen articles used Indigenous theories and frameworks in the study design. Several articles highlighted engaging Elders as advisors in the design and/or delivery of programs however only five indicated Elders were active participants. In this scoping review, we suggest integrating a high level of community engagement and augmenting intergenerational approaches are essential to promoting health among Indigenous populations and communities. Indigenous older adults are keepers of essential knowledge and must be engaged (as advisors and participants) in intergenerational health promotion interventions to support the health of all generations.
- Published
- 2021
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19. Barriers and facilitators to meeting recommended physical activity levels among new immigrant and refugee children in Saskatchewan, Canada.
- Author
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Lane G, Nisbet C, Johnson S, Candow D, Chilibeck PD, and Vatanparast H
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- Adolescent, Age Factors, Body Mass Index, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Culture, Educational Status, Female, Gender Role, Health Surveys, Healthy Lifestyle, Humans, Income, Male, Parents psychology, Saskatchewan, Screen Time, Sex Factors, Child Health ethnology, Emigrants and Immigrants, Exercise, Refugees
- Abstract
Newcomers are often healthy when they arrive in Canada, yet experience health declines shortly thereafter, possibly due to lifestyle changes. As part of the Healthy Immigrant Children study, this mixed-methods study aims to analyze possible predictors of physical activity among 300 newcomer children, and explore their lived experiences using a sub-sample of 19 parents and 24 service providers. Data collection involved questionnaires concerning socioeconomic status and physical activity, anthropometric measurements, and in-depth interviews. Participants aged 5 years and older largely met physical activity recommendations (82.9%), while none of the 3-4-year-olds did. Males were more active than females, especially among older ages. Many participants engaged in too much screen time (53.4-90.0%). Age and income predicted physical activity among males, while parents' education level was the only significant predictor among females. Barriers to physical activity included: recreational physical activity being an unfamiliar concept, gender limitations, financial resources, safety concerns, and children's preference for screen time. Schools played a central role in newcomer children's health by providing accessible opportunities for physical activity. Newcomer families preferred to have their children involved in culturally relevant physical activities. Given the growing newcomer population, it is important to support active lifestyle practices among them. Novelty: About 83% of newcomer children aged 5 years and older met physical activity recommendations, while none of the 3-4-year-olds did. Age and income predicted males' physical activity, while parents' education level predicted females' physical activity. Schools provide accessible opportunities for newcomer children to engage in physical activity.
- Published
- 2021
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20. Dietary habits of newcomer children in Canada.
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Lane G, Nisbet C, and Vatanparast H
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- Acculturation, Adolescent, Canada, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Nutritional Status, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vitamins, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Diet, Emigrants and Immigrants, Feeding Behavior, Refugees
- Abstract
Objective: To explore the dietary habits, nutrient adequacies and dietary change experiences of immigrant and refugee children., Design: Mixed-methods cross-sectional design. Children completed three 24 h dietary recalls to determine nutrient inadequacies. Parents and service providers were interviewed to capture dietary practices., Setting: Healthy Immigrant Children study, Saskatchewan, Canada., Participants: Three hundred immigrant and refugee children aged 3-13 years and twenty-two parents who lived in Regina or Saskatoon for less than 5 years; twenty-four newcomer services providers., Results: Immigrant children had higher mean intakes of meat and alternatives, milk and alternatives, and whole grains; and consumed more vitamin B12, folate, Ca, vitamin D, Fe and Zn compared with refugee children. Refugee children were at higher risk of having inadequate intakes of folate (37 %) and Fe (18 %). Both immigrant and refugee children were at high risk of inadequate vitamin D (87 and 93 %, respectively) and Ca intakes (79 and 80 %), and a substantial portion were at risk for inadequate Zn intake (21 and 31 %). Participants mentioned challenges with maintaining a healthy traditional diet in the midst of a busy schedule, while responding to their children's demands for foods high in fat and sugar., Conclusions: Newcomer children are at risk for inadequate intakes of vitamin D, Ca and Zn, while refugee children are at additional risk for inadequate folate and Fe intakes. Newcomers to Canada may experience subtle or drastic changes in their food environment leading to dietary acculturation that includes increased consumption of foods high in sugar, salt and fat.
- Published
- 2019
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21. Relationship Between Trajectories of Trunk Fat Development in Emerging Adulthood and Cardiometabolic Risk at 36 Years of Age.
- Author
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Barbour-Tuck EN, Erlandson MC, Sherar LB, Eisenmann JC, Muhajarine N, Foulds H, Vatanparast H, Nisbet C, Kontulainen S, and Baxter-Jones ADG
- Subjects
- Absorptiometry, Photon, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Adiposity physiology, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Blood Pressure physiology, Body Fat Distribution, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Cardiovascular Diseases metabolism, Child, Exercise physiology, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Metabolic Diseases diagnosis, Metabolic Diseases pathology, Risk Factors, Torso diagnostic imaging, Young Adult, Adipose Tissue growth & development, Aging physiology, Body-Weight Trajectory, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Metabolic Diseases etiology, Torso growth & development
- Abstract
Objective: This study examined trajectories of trunk fat mass (FM) accrual during emerging adulthood of individuals categorized, at 36 years of age, as having higher compared with lower scores of (1) metabolic risk and (2) blood pressure risk., Methods: Fifty-five individuals from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (1991-2017) were assessed from adolescence (mean [SD], 11.5 [1.8] years) through emerging adulthood (26.2 [2.2] years) and into early adulthood (35.6 [2.2] years) (median 11 visits per individual). Sex-specific median splits of continuous standardized risk scores at 36 years of age were created. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-assessed trunk FM trajectories were analyzed using multilevel random effects models., Results: Higher risk scores of blood pressure risk and metabolic risk had significantly steeper trajectories of fat development (0.45 [0.11] and 0.44 [0.11] log g, respectively) than the lower risk scores. Dietary fat was not related (P > 0.05). Physical activity was negatively related (-0.04 [0.02] physical activity score) to trunk FM development during emerging adulthood., Conclusions: Young adults with higher metabolic risk at 36 years of age had greater trunk FM development during both adolescence and emerging adulthood, supporting the need for intervention at both these critical periods of fat accrual., (© 2019 The Obesity Society (TOS).)
- Published
- 2019
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22. Food Insecurity and Nutritional Risk among Canadian Newcomer Children in Saskatchewan.
- Author
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Lane G, Nisbet C, and Vatanparast H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Economic Status, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Income, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Saskatchewan, Social Class, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Emigrants and Immigrants, Food Supply, Nutritional Status, Vulnerable Populations
- Abstract
Food insecurity continues to persist among vulnerable groups in Canada, including newcomer families. This mixed-methods study uses an exploratory sequential design to characterize the food security status of newcomer families with children aged 3-13 years. Parents completed food security and 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires, and parents and service providers were interviewed to explore their food insecurity experiences. Fifty percent of participant households experienced food insecurity, while 41% of children were food insecure. More recent newcomer families, and families with parents that had completed high school or some years of postsecondary training, more commonly experienced household food insecurity, compared to families with parents without high school diplomas or those with university degrees. Food-insecure children aged 4-8 years were at higher risk of consuming a lower proportion of energy from protein, lower servings of milk products, and inadequate intakes of vitamin B
12 and calcium. Participants identified changes in food buying habits due to low income, using food budgets to purchase prescription drugs and to repay transportation loans, while the school food environment impacted children's food security. Food security initiatives targeting newcomers may benefit from building on the strengths of newcomers, including traditional dietary practices and willingness to engage in capacity-building programming.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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23. Canadian newcomer children's bone health and vitamin D status.
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Lane G, Nisbet C, Whiting SJ, and Vatanparast H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Body Fat Distribution, Bone Density, Calcium, Dietary, Canada, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Poverty, Refugees, Vitamin D Deficiency epidemiology, Bone and Bones physiology, Child Health, Emigrants and Immigrants, Nutritional Status, Vitamin D blood, Vitamins blood
- Abstract
Adequate calcium intake and supply of vitamin D during childhood play important roles in ensuring adequate bone mass gain to achieve optimal peak bone mass. The Healthy Immigrant Children study employed a mixed-method cross-sectional study design to characterize the health and nutritional status of 300 immigrant and refugee children aged 3-13 years who had been in Canada for less than 5 years. This paper presents bone mineral content and vitamin D status data along with qualitative data that deepen the understanding of newcomer bone health status. A significantly higher percentage of refugee children (72.3%) had insufficient (<50 nmol/L) or deficient (<30 nmol/L) serum vitamin D compared with immigrants (53.2%). Vitamin D deficiency was most common among ethnic minority girls. Newcomer children with higher intakes of vitamin D, younger newcomer children, and those from western Europe or the United States had higher serum vitamin D levels. Immigrants had significantly higher mean total body bone mineral content compared with refugees. Total body fat, serum vitamin D, calcium intake, height, height by calcium intake, total body fat by calcium intake, and total body fat by height predicted total body bone mineral content levels. Vitamin D deficiency among newcomer children may be related to lack of knowledge regarding children's vitamin D requirements in the Canadian environment, dietary habits established in country of origin, low income that limits healthy dietary choices, and lifestyle habits that limit exposure to sunlight. Results suggest a need to screen newcomer children and pregnant women for vitamin D deficiency and support early intervention.
- Published
- 2019
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24. Determination of Quality Criteria that Allow Differentiation Between Honey Adulterated with Sugar and Pure Honey.
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Nisbet C, Kazak F, and Ardalı Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants chemistry, Bees, Calcium analysis, Magnesium analysis, Phenol analysis, Phosphorus analysis, Potassium analysis, Proline analysis, Honey analysis, Sugars chemistry
- Abstract
This study used various parameters of honey to develop a potentially more robust approach to the detection of adulterated honey. For this purpose, 25 multifloral, natural honey samples and 20 samples of adulterated honey produced by bees that had been fed supplementary sucrose syrup were analysed. The mean total phenolic content of the natural honeys was considerably higher than in the adulterated honeys at 157 ± 13 and 35.2 ± 7.3 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. Similarly, considerable variation was determined between natural and adulterated honeys in terms of total flavonoids (3.3 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.4 mg QE/100 g, respectively), antiradical activity (87.9 ± 12 and 163 ± 11 mg/mL, respectively) and proline content (202 ± 26 and 71.1 ± 21.6 mg/kg, respectively.) The potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium contents of natural honeys were also higher than in adulterated honeys (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the determination of the proline level, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and mineral profile may collectively provide a more holistic method approach to the differentiation of natural and adulterated honey, and also for comparing their food values.
- Published
- 2018
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25. Chronic health disparities among refugee and immigrant children in Canada.
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Lane G, Farag M, White J, Nisbet C, and Vatanparast H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Age Factors, Canada, Child, Child Development, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet adverse effects, Female, Humans, Male, Nutritional Status, Risk Factors, Social Determinants of Health, Socioeconomic Factors, Adolescent Health, Child Health, Chronic Disease epidemiology, Emigrants and Immigrants, Health Status Disparities, Refugees
- Abstract
There are knowledge gaps in our understanding of the development of chronic disease risks in children, especially with regard to the risk differentials experienced by immigrants and refugees. The Healthy Immigrant Children study employed a mixed-methods cross-sectional study design to characterize the health and nutritional status of 300 immigrant and refugee children aged 3-13 years who had been in Canada for less than 5 years. Quantitative data regarding socioeconomic status, food security, physical activity, diet, and bone and body composition and anthropometric measurements were collected. Qualitative data regarding their experiences with accessing health care and their family lifestyle habits were gathered through in-depth interviews with the parents of newcomer children. Many newcomers spoke about their struggles to attain their desired standard of living. Regarding health outcomes, significantly more refugees (23%) had stunted growth when compared with immigrants (5%). Older children, those with better-educated parents, and those who consumed a poorer-quality diet were at a higher risk of being overweight or obese. Sixty percent of refugees and 42% of immigrants had high blood cholesterol. Significant health concerns for refugee children include stunting and high blood cholesterol levels, and emerging trends indicate that older immigrant children from privileged backgrounds in low-income countries may be more at risk of overweight and obesity. A variety of pathways related to their families' conceptualization of life in Canada and the social structures that limit progress to meeting their goals likely influence the development of health inequity among refugee and immigrant children. Public health initiatives should address these health inequities among newcomer families.
- Published
- 2018
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26. Effects of electromagnetic field (1.8/0.9 GHz) exposure on growth plate in growing rats.
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Nisbet HO, Akar A, Nisbet C, Gulbahar MY, Ozak A, Yardimci C, and Comlekci S
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Electromagnetic Fields adverse effects, Growth Plate radiation effects, Radio Waves adverse effects
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of whole-body electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on growth plates in growing male rats. Two groups of rats were exposed to either 900 MHz EMF or 1800 MHz EMF 2 h/day for 90 days. Sham control rats were kept under similar conditions without exposure to the EMF. The rats in the EMF group experienced a more rapid weight gain and increase in length (p < 0.05). Calcium, growth hormone, estradiol and testosterone levels in the EMF groups were higher (p < 0.05). The Safranin O staining density of femoral growth plate was lowest in the reserve zone of rats exposed to 1800 MHz and was increased in the proliferative zone of the control group (p < 0.05). The trabecular zone was thinnest among all zones and the reserve and proliferative zones were thicker (p < 0.05) than other zones in 1800 MHz group.In conclusion, 1800 MHz and 900 MHz EMF may cause prolong the growth phase in growing rats.
- Published
- 2016
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27. Therapeutic role of curcumin in oxidative DNA damage caused by formaldehyde.
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Ciftci G, Aksoy A, Cenesiz S, Sogut MU, Yarim GF, Nisbet C, Guvenc D, and Ertekin A
- Subjects
- 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine, Administration, Oral, Amyloid beta-Peptides analysis, Animals, Blood Chemical Analysis, Brain pathology, Deoxyguanine Nucleotides analysis, Disease Models, Animal, Rats, Treatment Outcome, Urine chemistry, Antioxidants administration & dosage, Curcumin administration & dosage, DNA Damage drug effects, Formaldehyde toxicity, Poisoning drug therapy
- Abstract
Purpose: Formaldehyde is a common environmental contaminant that causes oxidative DNA damage in cells by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), tumor protein 53(TP53), beta-amyloid[Aß(1-42), Aß (1-40)], total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the therapeutic role of curcumin in rat cells with oxidative DNA damage caused by formaldehyde., Method: The control group was given physiological saline for 15 days (i.p.) and the second group was given 37% formaldehyde (i.p.) at a dose of 9 mg/kg group every other day. The third group was given 9 mg/kg formaldehyde (i.p.) every other day and treated therapeutically with 100 mg/kg curcumin every day by gavage. At the end of the trial period, urine, blood, and brain tissue was collected from the rats., Results: The levels of MDA in sera were increased and the TAC, TP53, and Aß (1-40) levels were reduced in the formaldehyde-treated group with respect to the control group (p<0.005). After treatment with curcumin, the levels of sera MDA were significantly reduced, the TAC, TP53, and Aß (1-40) levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The levels of whole brain Aß (1-42) and 8-OhdG were increased in the formaldehyde-treated group and reduced after treatment with curcumin (P < 0.05). Urinary 8-OhdG excretion increased in the formaldehyde-treated group (P < 0.05) and decreased after treatment with curcumin (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: In conclusion, the oxidative stress caused by formaldehyde exposure was reduced with the application of curcumin., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2015
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28. Implementation methods for delivery room management: a quality improvement comparison study.
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Lee HC, Powers RJ, Bennett MV, Finer NN, Halamek LP, Nisbet C, Crockett M, Chance K, Blackney D, von Köhler C, Kurtin P, and Sharek PJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Delivery Rooms trends, Delivery, Obstetric methods, Delivery, Obstetric trends, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Quality Improvement trends, Delivery Rooms standards, Delivery, Obstetric standards, Quality Improvement standards
- Abstract
Background: There is little evidence to compare the effectiveness of large collaborative quality improvement versus individual local projects., Methods: This was a prospective pre-post intervention study of neonatal resuscitation practice, comparing 3 groups of nonrandomized hospitals in the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative: (1) collaborative, hospitals working together through face-to-face meetings, webcasts, electronic mailing list, and data sharing; (2) individual, hospitals working independently; and (3) nonparticipant hospitals. The collaborative and individual arms participated in improvement activities, focusing on reducing hypothermia and invasive ventilatory support., Results: There were 20 collaborative, 31 individual, and 44 nonparticipant hospitals caring for 12,528 eligible infants. Each group had reduced hypothermia from baseline to postintervention. The collaborative group had the most significant decrease in hypothermia, from 39% to 21%, compared with individual hospital efforts of 38% to 33%, and nonparticipants of 42% to 34%. After risk adjustment, the collaborative group had twice the magnitude of decrease in rates of newborns with hypothermia compared with the other groups. Collaborative improvement also led to greater decreases in delivery room intubation (53% to 40%) and surfactant administration (37% to 20%)., Conclusions: Collaborative efforts resulted in larger improvements in delivery room outcomes and processes than individual efforts or nonparticipation. These findings have implications for planning quality improvement projects for implementation of evidence-based practices., (Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.)
- Published
- 2014
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29. Home use of closed-loop insulin delivery for overnight glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes: a 4-week, multicentre, randomised crossover study.
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Thabit H, Lubina-Solomon A, Stadler M, Leelarathna L, Walkinshaw E, Pernet A, Allen JM, Iqbal A, Choudhary P, Kumareswaran K, Nodale M, Nisbet C, Wilinska ME, Barnard KD, Dunger DB, Heller SR, Amiel SA, Evans ML, and Hovorka R
- Subjects
- Adult, Algorithms, Blood Glucose metabolism, Cross-Over Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 epidemiology, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Humans, Insulin Infusion Systems, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, United Kingdom epidemiology, Blood Glucose drug effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 drug therapy, Glycated Hemoglobin drug effects, Hypoglycemia prevention & control, Hypoglycemic Agents administration & dosage, Insulin administration & dosage, Pancreas, Artificial
- Abstract
Background: Closed-loop insulin delivery is a promising option to improve glycaemic control and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia. We aimed to assess whether overnight home use of automated closed-loop insulin delivery would improve glucose control., Methods: We did this open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled, crossover study between Dec 1, 2012, and Dec 23, 2014, recruiting patients from three centres in the UK. Patients aged 18 years or older with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive 4 weeks of overnight closed-loop insulin delivery (using a model-predictive control algorithm to direct insulin delivery), then 4 weeks of insulin pump therapy (in which participants used real-time display of continuous glucose monitoring independent of their pumps as control), or vice versa. Allocation to initial treatment group was by computer-generated permuted block randomisation. Each treatment period was separated by a 3-4 week washout period. The primary outcome was time spent in the target glucose range of 3·9-8·0 mmol/L between 0000 h and 0700 h. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01440140., Findings: We randomly assigned 25 participants to initial treatment in either the closed-loop group or the control group, patients were later crossed over into the other group; one patient from the closed-loop group withdrew consent after randomisation, and data for 24 patients were analysed. Closed loop was used over a median of 8·3 h (IQR 6·0-9·6) on 555 (86%) of 644 nights. The proportion of time when overnight glucose was in target range was significantly higher during the closed-loop period compared to during the control period (mean difference between groups 13·5%, 95% CI 7·3-19·7; p=0·0002). We noted no severe hypoglycaemic episodes during the control period compared with two episodes during the closed-loop period; these episodes were not related to closed-loop algorithm instructions., Interpretation: Unsupervised overnight closed-loop insulin delivery at home is feasible and could improve glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes., Funding: Diabetes UK., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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30. Vitamin D insufficiency and bone mineral status in a population of newcomer children in Canada.
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Vatanparast H, Nisbet C, and Gushulak B
- Subjects
- Body Height, Calcium deficiency, Calcium, Dietary administration & dosage, Child, Color, Dietary Supplements, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Saskatchewan ethnology, Sex Factors, Skin, Sunlight, Vitamin D blood, Vitamin D Deficiency blood, Vitamin D Deficiency metabolism, Bone Density, Bone and Bones metabolism, Diet, Emigrants and Immigrants, Refugees, Vitamin D analogs & derivatives, Vitamin D Deficiency epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Low levels of circulating vitamin D are more likely to be found in those with darker skin pigmentation, who live in areas of high latitude, and who wear more clothing. We examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy in newcomer immigrant and refugee children., Methods: We evaluated circulating vitamin D status of immigrant children at the national level. Subsequently, we investigated vitamin D intake, circulating vitamin D status, and total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) in newcomer children living in Saskatchewan., Results: In the sample of newcomer children in Saskatchewan, the prevalence of inadequacy in calcium and vitamin D intakes was 76% and 89.4%, respectively. Vitamin D intake from food/supplement was significantly higher in immigrants compared to refugees, which accords with the significant difference in serum status. Circulating vitamin D status indicated that 29% of participants were deficient and another 44% had inadequate levels of serum 25(OH)D for bone health. Dietary vitamin D intake, sex, region of origin, and length of stay in Canada were significant predictors of serum vitamin D status. RESULTS for TBBMC revealed that 38.6% were found to have low TBBMC compared to estimated values for age, sex, and ethnicity. In the regression model, after controlling for possible confounders, children who were taller and had greater circulating vitamin D also had greater TBBMC. Nationally, immigrant children, particularly girls, have significantly lower plasma 25(OH)D than non-immigrant children., Interpretation: Newcomer immigrant and refugee children are at a high risk of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy, which may have serious negative consequences for their health.
- Published
- 2013
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31. Effects of exposure to electromagnetic field (1.8/0.9 GHz) on testicular function and structure in growing rats.
- Author
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Ozlem Nisbet H, Nisbet C, Akar A, Cevik M, and Karayigit MO
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Sexual Maturation, Spermatogenesis radiation effects, Spermatozoa pathology, Testis pathology, Testosterone blood, Electromagnetic Fields adverse effects, Testis growth & development, Testis radiation effects
- Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible effects of whole-body electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on reproduction in growing male rats. Male albino Wistar rats (2 days old) were exposed to EMF 1800 and 900 MHz for 2 h continuously per day for 90 days. Sham control was kept under similar conditions except that the field was not applied for the same period. After blood samples were collected, the animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last exposure and the tissues of interest were harvested. The mean plasma total testosterone showed similarity among the two study groups and was significantly higher than the sham control rats. The percentage of epididymal sperm motility was significantly higher in the 1800 MHz group (P<0.05). The morphologically normal spermatozoa rates were higher and the tail abnormality and total percentage abnormalities were lower in the 900 MHz group (P<0.05). Histopathologic parameters in the 1800 MHz group were significantly higher (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study indicated that exposure to electromagnetic wave caused an increase in testosterone level, epididymal sperm motility (forward), and normal sperm morphology of rats. As a consequences, 1800 and 900 MHz EMF could be considered to be a cause of precocious puberty in growing rats., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
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32. Evaluation of bee venom and hyaluronic acid in the intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis in an experimental rabbit model.
- Author
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Ozlem Nisbet H, Ozak A, Yardimci C, Nisbet C, Yarim M, Bayrak IK, and Sirin YS
- Subjects
- Alanine Transaminase blood, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases blood, Bee Venoms administration & dosage, Blood Proteins analysis, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine blood, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Therapy, Combination, Hyaluronic Acid administration & dosage, Injections, Intra-Articular veterinary, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase blood, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Osteoarthritis diagnostic imaging, Osteoarthritis ethnology, Osteoarthritis pathology, Rabbits, Radiography, Bee Venoms therapeutic use, Hyaluronic Acid therapeutic use, Osteoarthritis drug therapy
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate bee venom and hyaluronic acid in the intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis in an experimental rabbit model. Forty-five rabbits were used and they were randomly divided into three groups (BVI, BVII, and HA) and each group was divided to two subgroups to evaluate the radiologic, magnetic resonance imaging, histopathologic, and biochemical evaluation in post treatment second week (a) and twelfth week (b). Radiologically, a significant difference was observed in the HA group (P<0.05). The MRI evaluation of at any time in group BVI(b) was found to be different. No significant differences were seen between the groups, biochemically. Histopathologically, cellularity, and orthochromasia was evident with Safranin-O in the BVI(b) and BVII(a); adhesions were seen in the BVII(a) group and clustering of chondrocyte in the HA(b) group were found to be different. Consequently, intra-articular application of HA and BV for experimental model of osteoarthritis has no significant influence upon recovery after therapy., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
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33. The effects of aging on the central nervous system steroid profiles and myelin basic protein in rats.
- Author
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Ciftci G, Yarim GF, Yarim M, Karayigit MO, Cenesiz S, Nisbet C, and Gultiken ME
- Subjects
- Animals, Dehydroepiandrosterone metabolism, Estradiol metabolism, Immunohistochemistry methods, Male, Progesterone metabolism, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Testosterone metabolism, Aging metabolism, Central Nervous System metabolism, Myelin Basic Protein metabolism, Steroids metabolism
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aging on the central nervous system steroid and myelin basic protein (MBP) profiles. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats (newborn, 1, 6, 12 and 24-monthsold) were studied. Tissues were obtained from the cerebellum and parietal, frontal, temporal cortex of the central nervous system of the rats for steroid extraction. The estradiol, progesteron, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The average levels of estradiol (pg/g), progesteron (ng/g), DHEA (ng/g) and testosterone (ng/g) in the brain tissues were respectively 24.29, 4.59, 0.27, 0.92 in the newborn-rats; 4.18 ± 1.10, 1.54 ± 0.30, 0.28 ± 0.01, 0.57 ± 0.10 in the 1 month-old-rats; 11.02 ± 1.10, 2.96 ± 0.30, 0.27 ± 0.01, 0.61 ± 0.10 in the 6 month-old-rats; 15.80 ± 1.10, 4.80 ± 0.30, 0.28 ± 0.10, 0.67 ± 0.10 in the 12 monthold- rats; 20.07 ± 1.10, 4.12 ± 0.30, 0.28 ± 0.01, 0.55±0.10 in the 24 month-old-rats. The myelin basic protein levels were determined by immunohistochemical staining and an elevation was observed in conjunction with the aging process. The results of the study indicate that the alterations in MBP, DHEA, progesterone, testosterone and estrodiol concentrations in the central nervous system of the rats during aging can be considered fundamental for future animal and human studies.
- Published
- 2012
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34. Effects of three types of honey on cutaneous wound healing.
- Author
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Nisbet HO, Nisbet C, Yarim M, Guler A, and Ozak A
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Aim. To evaluate the effects of three types of honey (chestnut, blossom, and rhododendron) on the healing of full-thickness wounds., Methods: Twenty-four (24) New Zealand White female rabbits were used. Four 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm full-thickness skin wounds were created on the back of each animal and treated with pure honey or sterile saline, respectively. Wounds were assessed by wound measurements and collection of samples at 7, 14, and 21 days post wounding to evaluate the healing process. Variables of interest were hydroxyproline concentration and gross and microscopic morphological characteristics reflective of wound healing. Wounds of the honey-treated groups healed much faster than the control group., Results: On day 7, the formation of granulation tissue, epithelization, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia levels increased in the honey-treated groups (P <0.05). A statistical difference between the honeys was not detected., Conclusion: The present results suggest that honey accelerates the inflammatory reaction and initiates healing early on in the treatment process. .
- Published
- 2010
35. Effect of fluoride exposure on serum glycoprotein pattern and sialic acid level in rabbits.
- Author
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Ciftci G, Cenesiz S, Yarim GF, Nisbet O, Nisbet C, Cenesiz M, and Guvenc D
- Subjects
- Animals, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Rabbits, Blood Proteins metabolism, Environmental Exposure, Fluorides, Glycoproteins metabolism, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid blood
- Abstract
This study describes the effects of fluoride exposure on the protein profile, glycoprotein pattern, and total sialic acid concentration of serum in rabbits. For this aim; 20 healthy New Zealand rabbits were used. The rabbits were divided into two equal groups each with ten animals according to their weighing: control group and experimental group. The rabbits in control group were given drinking tap water containing 0.29 mg/l sodium fluoride and experimental group received the same tap water to which was added 40 mg/l sodium fluoride for 70 days. Blood samples were taken from each rabbit on day 70. Serum fluoride concentrations were measured by a fluoride-specific ion electrode in serum. The fluoride levels in the serum were found as 18.4 (+/-1.58) microg/L in control and 301.3 (+/-52.18) microg/L in fluoride exposed rabbits. The sialic acid levels were found as 69.2 (+/-0.32) mg/dL in control and 43.4 (+/-0.13) mg/dL in fluoride exposed group. The electrophoretic patterns of serum proteins, glycoproteins, and total sialic acid concentration were determined. Fifteen different protein fractions with molecular weights ranging from 22 to 249 kDa were displayed in the serum protein electrophoretic gel of both groups. The raw concentrations of the protein fractions decreased in fluoride exposed rabbits as compared with the control rabbits. The serum glycoprotein pattern revealed seven major protein bands from 47 to 167 kDa in experimental and control groups. The slight decrease of raw concentration of the protein bands in glycoprotein pattern of serum was observed in fluoride toxication comparing to control. The results suggest that serum TSA determination and serum protein electrophoresis can be used to evaluate prognosis of fluoride exposure as a supplementary laboratory test in combination with clinical and other laboratory findings of fluorosis.
- Published
- 2010
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36. Biochemical evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of honey in oral mucosal ulcers.
- Author
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Yilmaz N, Nisbet O, Nisbet C, Ceylan G, Hoşgör F, and Dede OD
- Subjects
- Animals, Biopsy, Disease Models, Animal, Esters therapeutic use, Glycerol therapeutic use, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Treatment Outcome, Honey, Mouth Mucosa pathology, Oral Ulcer drug therapy, Oral Ulcer pathology
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the therapeutic value of honey in oral mucosal ulcers healing in comparison with Glyceroloxytriester (TGO). We also aimed to biochemically evaluate the healing effects of honey which had been collected from the Blacksea region flora on mucosal ulcers resulting in material loss.Thirty wistar rats (240+/-30 g) were enrolled in this study. Excisional wounds were performed in all rats for animal oral mucosal ulcer model. They were randomly allocated to three groups: group 1 was treated with Apitherapeutic agent or honey (0,1 ml, 2x1), group 2 was treated with TGO (0,1ml, 2x1) locally, Group 3 served as the control group.Following the surgical procedure on day 7, biopsy specimens were taken from right buccal mucosa and on day 14 biopsy specimens were taken from left bucal mucosa in all rats. Afterwards, hydroxy pyroline levels were measured. Data were analyzed statistically.There was no statistically significant difference between Group 1 and 2, and also between Group 2 and 3, but there was statistically significant difference between Group 1 and 3 on day 7. There was no statistically significant difference between Group 1, 2 and 3 on day 14.
- Published
- 2009
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37. The Efficacy of Platelet-rich Plasma Gel and Topical Estradiol Alone or in Combination on Healing of Full-thickness Wounds.
- Author
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Nisbet OH, Nisbet C, Yarim M, and Ozak A
- Abstract
This randomized study was designed to establish the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel and topical estradiol alone, or in combination, on healing of full-thickness wounds created on the trunk of rabbits. Fifteen New Zealand white female rabbits and 60 wounds were studied. Four 2.25-cm² full-thickness wounds were created using a template and treatments including a sterile saline solution that were assigned randomly to the wounds. Wounds were bandaged, dressed intermittently, and assessed by wound measurements and a collection of samples at 7, 14, and 21 days to evaluate healing. Variables of interest were hydroxyproline concentration and scored gross and microscopic morphologic characteristics reflective of wound healing. PRP gel + estradiol-treated wounds completely healed faster than wounds given other treatments. Granulation tissue growth to the skin level was faster (P < 0.05) in the PRP gel + estradiol group than the other groups. Only the PRP gel + estradiol group had a significantly lower collagen level than the sterile saline solutions on day 7 (P < 0.05). The PRP gel + estradiol group and estradiol group led to an increase in angiogenesis on day 14 (P < 0.05). Complete epithelization was observed only in the PRP gel + estradiol group compared with the other groups on day 7. PRP gel + estradiol-treatment enhanced healing in full-thickness wounds by reducing the contraction rate with a trend toward accelerating both epithelial migration and the angiogenic response.
- Published
- 2009
38. Serum protein alterations in dogs naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii.
- Author
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Yarim GF, Nisbet C, Oncel T, Cenesiz S, and Ciftci G
- Subjects
- Alanine Transaminase analysis, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases analysis, Dog Diseases pathology, Dogs, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Toxoplasmosis, Animal pathology, Dog Diseases blood, Serum Albumin analysis, Serum Globulins analysis, Toxoplasmosis, Animal blood
- Abstract
We conducted this study to describe the serum electrophoretic pattern in dogs associated with the infection of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The serum protein pattern of 25 dogs with confirmed T. gondii infection and 15 clinically healthy dogs were evaluated using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin, and gamma globulin bands were seen from the serum electrophoresis of infected and healthy dogs. Compared to the control group, significant decreases in the mean percentages of albumin (from 46.1+/-7.2 to 40.8+/-4.5%, P<0.05), alpha-1 globulin (from 3.9+/-0.4 to 0.8+/-0.2%, P<0.001), alpha-2 globulin (from 9.0+/-0.4 to 8.3+/-0.8%, P<0.01), and beta globulin (from 18.4+/-1.2 to 12.1+/-0.6%, P<0.001) in the infected group were determined. In contrast, gamma globulin fraction was significantly higher in infected dogs (38.1+/-4.6%) than in control dogs (22.7+/-7.2%; P<0.001). Moreover, significant correlations were determined between the percentages of the albumin and gamma globulin fractions and liver enzyme tests including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in infected dogs; however, no correlation was observed for the other protein fractions. In conclusion, marked alterations in serum protein pattern associated with strong modifications of serum protein concentrations are in accordance with the hepatic injury as affirmed by liver enzyme tests that were demonstrated in the canine toxoplasmosis. These findings showed that serum protein electrophoresis can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of canine toxoplasmosis as a supplementary analysis in combination with serological, clinical, and laboratory findings of this disease.
- Published
- 2007
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39. Elevated plasma levels of interleukin 1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 are associated with pregnancy toxaemia in ewes.
- Author
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Yarim GF, Karahan S, and Nisbet C
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Hepatocytes pathology, Interleukin-1beta metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Lipids, Pre-Eclampsia blood, Pre-Eclampsia diagnosis, Pregnancy, Sheep, Sheep Diseases diagnosis, Chemokine CCL2 blood, Interleukin-1beta blood, Pre-Eclampsia veterinary, Sheep Diseases blood, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha blood
- Abstract
Pregnancy toxaemia is a metabolic disorder that results from an inadequate energy supply to the growing maternal-fetal unit. The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of the syndrome has not been fully clarified; however, a key role for cytokines and chemokines including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) has been indicated in women and experimental animals. However, information on the maternal plasma levels of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 in ewes with pregnancy toxaemia is limited. Thus, the present study was designed to determine plasma IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 concentrations in ewes with severe (n=6) and mild (n=4) naturally occurring pregnancy toxaemia and in uncomplicated pregnant ewes (n=10) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All ewes with pregnancy toxaemia had significantly lower body temperature and respiratory rate than uncomplicated pregnant ewes (p<0.05). With the highest concentrations in severe cases, heart rate, proteinuria and serum uric acid levels as well as plasma IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 were significantly different among all three groups (p<0.05). The plasma concentrations of IL-1 beta in control ewes and ewes with mild and severe toxaemia were 15.81 +/- 3.90 pg/ml, 23.83 +/- 2.42 pg/ml and 34.55 +/- 8.03 pg/ml, respectively. The plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha in control ewes and ewes with mild and severe toxaemia were 7.71 +/- 1.61 pg/ml, 16.13 +/- 3.63 pg/ml, and 22.85 +/- 3.64 pg/ml, respectively. The plasma concentrations of MCP-1 in control ewes and ewes with mild and severe toxaemia were 101.70 +/- 9.86 pg/ml, 134.75 +/- 6.24 pg/ml, and 157.67 +/- 9.69 pg/ml, respectively. Moreover, plasma IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 levels were positively correlated with clinical and well-establish biochemical parameters of pregnancy toxaemia, serum uric acid and proteinuria (p<0.01). Concomitant increase of plasma IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 concentrations along with serum uric acid, proteinuria, and worsening of the clinical signs indicates that such cytokines are involved in the aetiopathogenesis and in perpetuation of the local and systemic inflammatory reactions in pregnancy toxaemia in ewes. Hence, plasma IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 may potentially serve as markers to monitor prognosis of pregnancy toxaemia in ewes.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Effects of trichophytosis on serum zinc levels in calves.
- Author
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Nisbet C, Yarim GF, Ciftci G, Arslan HH, and Ciftci A
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Dermatomycoses blood, Erythrocyte Indices, Erythrocytes metabolism, Hematocrit, Hemoglobins metabolism, Lymphocytes metabolism, Monocytes metabolism, Spectrophotometry, Atomic methods, Tinea blood, Zinc blood
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the zinc levels in calves with trichophytosis and to research the importance of zinc for fungi. The sera of 20 calves with trichophytosis and 10 healthy calves were used in this study. Zinc levels of the sera were measured by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Serum zinc levels of diseased and healthy animals were found to be 42.0+/-16.6 microg/dL and 75.8+/-5.9 microg/dL, respectively. Serum zinc levels of diseased calves were lower than healthy ones and this difference were found to be important statistically (p<0.001), whereas there is no statistical difference on the levels of lymphocyte, monocyte, granulocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume between groups. These parameters were not influenced by low zinc levels.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Biochemical and histopathological findings of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in oral surgery: an experimental study.
- Author
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Inal S, Yilmaz N, Nisbet C, and Güvenç T
- Subjects
- Alanine Transaminase blood, Amylases blood, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases blood, Bilirubin blood, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Bone Cements pharmacokinetics, Creatinine blood, Enbucrilate pharmacokinetics, Enbucrilate toxicity, Kidney metabolism, Kidney Function Tests, Liver metabolism, Liver Function Tests, Male, Mouth Mucosa surgery, Oral Surgical Procedures, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Tissue Adhesives pharmacokinetics, Bone Cements toxicity, Enbucrilate analogs & derivatives, Kidney drug effects, Liver drug effects, Tissue Adhesives toxicity
- Abstract
Objectives: The increasing use of cyanoacrylates in dentistry, particularly as an adhesive and sealing glue, has raised concerns regarding its potential toxicity in humans. Several different forms of these compounds including methyl- (MCA), ethyl- (ECA), isobutyl-, isohexyl-, and octyl CA have been developed to eliminate tissue toxicity. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is becoming an increasingly popular method for wound closure under low tension. Despite their increasing use, pharmacologic effects of these substances on liver and kidney functions are not widely known. The objective of the present study was to investigate possible immediate and long-term systemic effects of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in oral surgery., Study Design: Ten male Wistar rats weighing 220 to 270 g were used in the study. Straight incisions were made to the buccal mucosa of the animals. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive (Indermil) was applied and wounds were closed primarily. Blood specimens were taken periodically from the vena cava of the animals before the surgical procedure and 2, 14, 21, and 65 days after the surgical procedure. The blood specimens of those taken before the application of the adhesive were defined as the control group; blood specimens that were taken 2, 14, 21, and 65 days from the application were defined as study group. The stored plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBI), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and amylase (AML). In addition to biochemical parameters, histopathological examination was performed. Blood parameter values of the control and study groups were statistically compared with the Duncan test (P < .05)., Results: There were no significant differences in the values of BUN, CRE, ALT, AST, TBI, TP, ALB, and AML between the control and at 2, 14, 21, and 65 days., Conclusion: The present study shows that N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is a suitable adhesive applicable in oral surgery.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The influence of body mass index and learned resourcefulness skills on body image and lifestyle practises.
- Author
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Kennett DJ and Nisbet C
- Subjects
- Adult, Attitude, Exercise, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Body Image, Body Mass Index, Life Style, Self Concept
- Abstract
We examined the importance of body mass index (BMI-light, medium, heavy) and learned resourcefulness skills (low, medium, high) on body image perceptions and lifestyle practises in 184 undergraduate women who were of relatively normal weight. Significant main effects were observed for the BMI and the learned resourcefulness variables. Supporting previous literature, the heavier and medium weight groups of women were more dissatisfied with their weight and appearance in comparison to the lighter weight group, but all groups shared similar eating attitudes and lifestyle practises. Also as predicted, women with low resourcefulness skills had more eating disturbances, perceived less control over their lifestyle, were more preoccupied with their weight in comparison to the high and, to a lesser extent, the medium groups. Contrary to prediction, heavier weight women with low resourcefulness skills were neither the most dissatisfied with their body shape nor the most susceptible to acquiring unhealthy lifestyle practises and disturbed eating attitudes. Implications for lifestyle counselors are discussed.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Co-incidental Von Willebrands disease and immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin.
- Author
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Maharaj D, Walker ID, McEwan HP, Nisbet CE, and Erskine JG
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G administration & dosage, Infusions, Intravenous, Pregnancy, Thrombocytopenia immunology, von Willebrand Diseases immunology, Immunization, Passive, Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic immunology, Thrombocytopenia complications, von Willebrand Diseases complications
- Abstract
We report a rare association of Von Willebrands disease and idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. The major threat to the successful outcome of the pregnancy was posed by the acquired disorder. The use of high dose immunoglobulin allowed a normal delivery, without any adverse effects on mother or child.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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