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Context: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) was included in the 5th edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Addiction to Internet gaming is prevalent among Indian medical students. This study aims to measure the severity and pattern of gaming behavior along with the impact and association of IGD on different psychological conditions such as depression and anxiety. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey among 845 medical students at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. The Internet GD Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF) was used to assess the intensity of gaming disorders, while patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder assessment (GAD-7) were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety, respectively. Results: A total of 194 students were identified as current gamers, out of which 36 had gaming disorders based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for IGD from the current study sample. Multiple regression was calculated for the following age (B = 0.85, P = 0.002), weight (B = 0.07, P = 0.02), average time spent on gaming/day in hours (B = 1.01, P < 0.0001), PHQ-9 scores (B = 0.35, P ≤ 0.0001), GAD-7 scores (B = −0.24, P = 0.01) - Model R2 = 0.35, F = 19.41, P < 0.0001. Conclusions: Potentially problematic gaming was found to be associated with psychological symptoms, negative affectivity, and a preference for solitude. There is a need for other studies that can help in creating awareness about the prevalence of gaming disorders in medical students.

Introduction: Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) play a pivotal role as village-level functionaries under the National Health Mission, driving community transformation, facilitating health planning, and ensuring access to healthcare services. Objectives: To assess the physical health status of ASHA workers and to investigate the prevalence of morbidities among ASHA workers. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in Vadodara’s east zone, and involves 123 ASHA workers. A questionnaire focusing on health profiles, encompassing age, weight, height, body mass index, and blood pressure, as well as histories of acute and chronic illnesses, was employed for data collection. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize demographic and professional characteristics, and inferential statistics, such as Chi-square tests, were applied to assess associations and factors influencing the morbidity profile of the ASHA workers. Results: The participant’s mean age was 38.9 ± 6.85 years. The majority, 74 (60.2%), of them reported no morbidity, whereas 40 (32.52%) had a chronic illness and 9 (7.32%) had acute morbidity at the time of visit. Among the chronic morbidity, 50% of ASHA had poly morbidity. Anemia was found among most ASHAs, 32 (26.02%), followed by diabetes, 19 (15.45%), and hypertension, musculoskeletal problems, thyroid disorders, and obesity were the other major diseases found among the ASHAs in 14.63%, 13.82%, 13.01%, and 11.38%, respectively. Skin problems like fungal infection and rashes were found among 5.69%. Based on body mass index, 27 (21.95%) were found overweight and 14 (11.38%) were obese. Conclusion: The study revealed a 32% chronic morbidity prevalence among ASHA workers who are taking care of citizens’ health. It is high time to take care of our health team. First, they should be healthy as they are the role models of the community.

Chronic diseases are significantly increasing globally and increasing premature deaths among population. CDC has defined chronic diseases are the conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical support or limit the daily activities or both. Diabetes and hypertension are popular chronic diseases. But there are many others are also now increasing. The current study was conducted to find out the prevalence of noncompliance among chronic diseases like thyroid diseases, Asthma, COPD, Orthopedic problems and epilepsy. Also to understand the determinants factors among them. It was a hospital based cross sectional study. The sample size was calculated and it was 36 for each disease. Total 40 study participants of each disease were included. It was randomly selected the individuals diagnosed with the mentioned chronic diseases who have been diagnosed and on treatment for more than 3 years from hospital. Result: A total of 200 patients participated in the study. The study included 40 patients from each chronic disease that is thyroid disorders, COPD, Orthopedic problems, Asthma and Epilepsy. The rural population comprised 69% of the total study group. The prevalence of medical noncompliance was found in 56.5% of all the patients. People having the disease for longer period of time were more non-compliant. The study revealed that family support and regular follow up with doctor are two important determinate factors which has positive impact on compliance. Conclusion: Noncompliance to medication regimen among chronic disease patients is an important issue for public health consideration. This current study recorded an overall noncompliance level of 57.5%. The factors identified as contributing to medication noncompliance in this study were regular follow-ups, family support, adequate knowledge regarding their disease and importance of taking medication with or without symptoms.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread non-communicable disease in India that significantly affects the healthcare system owing to its acute and chronic complications. The traditional approach to diabetes care has focused on medical professionals, but recent research has indicated that self-care among patients is crucial. Effective self-care practices can enhance the quality of life of T2DM patients. This study aimed to evaluate self-care practices among T2DM patients at a sub-district hospital in Gujarat State, India. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 93 T2DM patients. Self-care activities were assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) scale. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed. Results: The majority of the participants were male (55.9 %) and over 60 years of age (67.7 %). Participants demonstrated high adherence to medication regimens (mean score = 6.66 ± 0.86). However, adherence to other self-care practices was significantly lower; only 11.8 % reported good dietary behavior, 55.91 % engaged in regular exercise, and 50.5 % performed regular foot care. While 83.8 % reported good monitoring behavior, this contradicts the low adherence to blood glucose testing (mean score = 0.38 ± 0.59). Participants aged

Oral carcinoma is quite common and increasing trend in India and worldwide. Smoking and smokeless tobacco both are increasing worldwide. The common oral precancerous lesions are oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, nicotina palati and oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF). Screening is best tool to find out such lesions. The current study is conducted to know the prevalence of tobacco consumption and also to examine oral cavity of tobacco consumer to detect precancerous lesions among the staff. Method: The present study was cross sectional study carried out tertiary care hospital staff. The study was conducted over a period of 6 month from May 2017 to October 2017. Ethical clearance for study was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee. The staff members of class 3 and class 4 of hospital were taken as a study participants involving both of sex and who provided written informed consent. Sample of 120 staff members were enrolled for the study from provided sampling frame with the use of random sampling method. Study participants with previous history of hospital admission for any systemic illness, immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive patients, and participants who already diagnosed to have malignant cancer lesions in any part of body were excluded. Result: Of 120 study participants, 40% were belongs to 31 – 40 years of age group and majority were male (80%) and belonged to Hindu (90.83%) religion. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in any of form is 85%; of them 43.33% used smokeless tobacco and 10.83% used to with smoking and 30.83% had both forms of tobacco. Oral Sub Mucosal Fibrosis (OSMF) was the most common (70.58%) precancerous lesion found in the present study, followed by leukoplakia (16.67%). Conclusion: Current study revealed the high prevalence. There is urgent need to plan de-addiction at various level. Also those having the precancerous lesion need to warn and treat accordingly.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death all over the world, estimated by various organisations. It affects the life of the patients as well as their caregivers. Caregivers feel the burden with respect to various factors while caring for a cancer relative. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during October–November 2020 at the selected hospitals of Bareilly, UP. A total of 34 caregivers were selected for the study with non-probability purposive sampling who were involved in the direct care of cancer patients. Baseline pro forma and family burden assessment tools were used for the data collection. Results: It was found that the majority of the caregiver (58.8%) experience mild-to-moderate burden while caring for the cancer patient. Conclusion: The caregiver of a cancer patient feels the burden. There could be various factors such as financial burden and stressors, along with the health issue of a loved one that could result in caregiver burden.

Background: India is home to a major proportion of children under five years of age and has been facing challenges to improvise their health including nutritional status. The study conducted with objectives to find out the nutritional status of children of under-five age and knowledge of mothers on malnutrition. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in a town of Gujarat. Child ren between age group of 1 to 5 years were participants for the study of selected Anganwadi. The inclusion criteria for study participants were the participants to be residents of the selected Anganwadis area and the age limit for the children was set to less than or equal to five years. Total 390 children and 325 mothers participated in study. After obtaining ethical approval, data was collected from the Anganwadis and analysed. Result: Major findings showed that most children (66.6%) were of first order of birth, majority (77%) weighed between 2.5-3.4 kgs at birth, 94% were exclusively breast fed upto six months of age. About 20% of them suffered from morbidity in last six months. Anthropometric measurement showed that 88% of children in green zone and 82% of children had midarm circumference is more than 13.5 cm. Conclusion: Thus study conclude that malnutrition in town was below national average. The role of health staff was found proactive.

Introduction: Lifestyle modification is key to management of diabetes. Behavioural change is key to adopt lifestyle modification. The current study was planned with objective to assess the impact of counselling on knowledge, attitude, and practices among patients with diabetes mellitus in rural and urban areas of Gujarat. Method: It was a non-randomized interventional study conducted in the state of Gujarat, India. Known cases of diabetes were enrolled for the study. Two equal size groups of study participants from urban and rural area were divided equally for intervention group (N=77; 28 urban +49 Rural) and control group (N=77; 28 urban +49 Rural). Regular counselling on role of diet in DM management, self-care, deaddiction, role of physical activity, and drug compliance was given by community physician for three months to 6 months. Pre and post intervention KAP score was collected and evaluated. Result: The knowledge, attitude and practice score were increased among counselling group in comparison to traditional treatment group in both urban and rural area. The score increased from 5.4 to 10.4 in knowledge; 3.07 to 5.07 in attitude and 5.07 to 8.92 in practice among urban participants. Similarly, the score increased from 4.14 to 7.16 in knowledge, 2.57 to 3.67 in attitude and 4.73 to 7.42 in practice among rural participants. Conclusion: With counselling the knowledge, practice and attitude of chronic patients are improving. The study recommended that counselling services should be available to all diabetes patients. It should be available to patients at their doorstep if possible as study depict.

Alcohol dependence is a complex medical, social, and psychological problem. It affects the family life adversely. However, if family takes the lead role, this problem is easily controlled at home level with medical support. A middle-aged male, the only breadwinner of the family, had alcohol dependence for more than 20 years. With family support, he overcame the dependence. The management of this illness has the greatest role of the family and society in addition to medical. Symptomatic management of alcoholism is only a tiny part of the treatment. Once the patient's symptoms are managed, the arduous journey to prevent relapse banks upon the persons own resolve and the support offered by their family. This is a peculiar case where medical aid and family support are playing an important role in the elimination of alcohol dependence. The family support models will helpful to the primary health-care physician to reduce alcohol dependence.

Background: An infection (COVID-19) without any specific cure makes the people more vulnerable to get affected due to insufficient knowledge and unhealthy practices. In this scenario, healthcare students can act as reliable information providers. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception about COVID-19 among medical and allied health science students. Methods: A web-based cross sectional survey was conducted during February and March 2020. A 24-item survey was developed and randomly distributed among the study population. Descriptive statistics was applied to represent participant characteristics and Chi-square test was used to evaluate the level of association among variables with a significance level of p < 0.01. Results: Total, 97.95% (715/730) participants completed the survey. High proportion of students were from pharmacy (45.73%) followed by medical (22.52%), physiotherapy, nursing and dental background. Majority of participants were having adequate knowledge while about 18% had partial knowledge about the symptoms of severe COVID-19 cases. Students have shown a positive perception of COVID-19 prevention and control while few invalid responses related to the use of herbal medicines or garlic were noted. About 50% had rightly stated that, the antibiotics and vaccine are not effective in COVID-19 infection at present. Conclusion: As the COVID-19 cases are rapidly increasing worldwide, it is essential to improve the knowledge and beliefs among general public to prevent its spread. Health care students with their education background and basic understanding about COVID-19 can play a significant role by making community people aware about the seriousness of this pandemic situation.

Background: There remains equivocal evidence in terms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malaria occurrence. A case-control study was performed to assess protective relationship of G6PD and other lifestyle factors with malaria. Methods: One-hundred twenty six medical professionals were randomly selected from a tertiary care clinical institute. Along with demographic and lifestyle details, subjects were interviewed about their history of occurrence of malaria at all in previous 10 years. Their hematological, biochemical, and metabolic profile was assessed clinically as well as by investigations. The analysis was carried out with two groups: (1) those who were subjected with malaria at least once in past 10 years (Malaria Ever Group); (2) those who never encountered malaria (Malaria Never Group). Results: Out of 126, 65 subjects were in Malaria Ever Group and 61were in Malaria Never Group. There was no difference in lifestyle measures, hematological, and biochemical parameters. Mean G6PD levels were found similar in both the groups. Of 61 subjects in “malaria-never” group, 1 had deficient (1.1 unit/gm of Hb), 9 had low normal (between 2.5 and 10 units/gm of Hb), 48 had normal (10.1–20.5 units/gm of Hb), and 3 had higher than normal (>20.5 units/gm of Hb) G6PD levels. In comparison, 65 participants from “malaria ever” group, none was deficient, 6 had low normal, 58 had normal, and none had higher than normal G6PD levels. HPLC-based hemoglobin analysis showed significant higher number of participants in “malaria-never” group having altered hemoglobin. 12 participants had increased hemoglobin A2 levels, of which 10 were in “Malaria Occurrence Never” group; of them 6 could be diagnosed having hemoglobinopathy of specified variety. 3 of these 10 participants of “malaria-never” group had low G6PD levels also. Conclusion: Malaria Protection Hypothesis was not found to be true as per our findings, but there were subtle hints that G6PD protection with or without change in hemoglobin alteration maybe operable.

Introduction: Various media are reporting that violence against doctors in country is increasing. Due to this, doctors are stressed out in their profession. The present study was conducted with objectives to find out the prevalence of verbal and physical violence against doctors and to identify the perceived aggravating factors associated with workplace violence. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 117 doctors participated in the study from different cities of Gujarat. The study was conducted in the year 2017. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 44.11 ± 11.77 years. Ninety-eight (83.8%) participants were male and 19 (16.2%) were female. One hundred and ten (94.02%) study participants believed that violence against health-care staff is a serious issue in the current scenario. More than two-third (89.74%) of the participants perceived increases in violence in the past few decades. Sixty-five (55.56%) study participants had experienced verbal violence. Five (4.27%) study participants had experienced physical violence. One hundred and eleven (94.87%) study participants believed that hospital securities are given less importance. Almost all the (93.16%) study participants assumed that violence occurs due to absence of law. Conclusion: The study concludes that violence on doctors' has increased in the last few years in India. Verbal violence was experienced by more than 50% of the participants. The common determinants of violence against doctor were poor hospital security, absence of proper law, unrealistic expectation from patients and relatives, overburdened hospital, low literacy, and poor communication skills among doctors.

Background: Man is responsible for the pollution of his environ- ment through urbanization, industrialization and other human ac- tivities. The success of any health policy or health care intervention depends upon a correct understanding of socio-economic, envi- ronmental and cultural factors which determine the occurrence of diseases and deaths. Objectives: the study was conducted to study the Environmental Conditions of the population residing in the given settings and al- so to study the impact of these environmental condition on the Morbidities prevailing in the Population. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done in Sankheda Taluka of Chhotaudaipur district. A total of 250 families in the village including 1452 subjects were enrolled in the study. Results: The housing and environmental conditions were assessed and given scores and categorized as Good, Average and Poor. These scores were then associated with the presence of morbidities like Respiratory Disease ,Vector borne Disease, Skin Disease , Oph- thalmic Disease, Gastrointestinal Disease, ENT Disease and it was seen that they were significantly associated with prevailing envi- ronmental risk factors in the population. Conclusion: The housing and environmental conditions play a significant role and are associated with occurrence of diseases in- volving various systems, hence these conditions must be given due attention so that it shall significantly lower the disease burden in any community.

Introduction: The police personnel are special group of population that work for minimum 12 hours a day. They are at risk of various types of chronic morbidities. Aim: To determine the sociodemographic, chronic morbidity and health profile of police personnel of Vadodara district. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on the police force of Vadodara district, Gujarat, India. The present study was the outcome of health checkup camp for police personnel. Total 982 police personnel participated in the aforementioned study. Information regarding the sociodemographic profile, addiction to alcohol drinking, tobacco chewing or smoking, diagnosed chronic morbidities, BMI, blood sugar and history of exercise and yoga was collected. Data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 and analysed by using Epi-Info 7. Statistical methods used included frequencies and proportions for categorical data while range, mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous data. For bivariate analysis, Chi-square test was used. Results: In the study population, 95.10% were males. The prevalence of chronic morbidity, hypertension and diabetes were 9.5%, 5% and 2.6% respectively. About 47.05% had normal BMI and mean BMI was 24. The study revealed that 7.64% police personnel had the habit of smoking, 3.16% consumed alcohol whereas 24.03% consumed tobacco products. It was found that 138 (14.05%) were active in sports and 304 (30.95%) were actively involved in exercise while 44 (4.48%) were involved in yoga. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension (5%) and diabetes (2.6%) were low as compared to the general population (NFHS-4). This can be attributed to health consciousness prevalent among the population. A substantial number of study population were involved in sports, exercise and yoga.

Background: The decision to modify the cardiovascular risk factors remains with the individuals and in order to modify their lifestyle, the individual should be aware and able to perceive them as ‘risk factors’. This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness among relatives of patients diagnosed to have CAD Methodology: Cross-sectional study design was used and the study population included family members of all the CAD patients attending the outpatient clinic of the hospital between the years 2011 - 2012. A total of 291 relatives participated in the study. The data collected through pilot pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Stress (92.8%) and hypertension (91.8%) were the highest aware risk factor among the family members. Awareness for non-modifiable risk factors such as age (63.2%) and family history of CAD (60.8%) was poor compare to other. A majority of the family members were aware about four symptoms of CAD such as tightening of the chest, chest pain, sweating, and shortness of breath. Conclusion: Our hypothesis that relatives of patients with known CAD would have more knowledge of risk factors was confirmed by the data and this increased awareness in the present study could be due to the fact that recently more emphasis is being given to non-communicable diseases.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the process components of routine immunization such as planning of immunization sessions, cold-chain and logistic management, community mobilization, appropriate technique of vaccination etc. in district Anand, Gujarat. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Study setting: Sub-centre or Aanganwadi where immunization sessions are conducted and Primary Health Centres. Methods: Total 88 immunization sessions were evaluated in 44 PHCs. With the help of pre-tested structured questionnaire information was gathered. Results: Almost 46 percent of session sites did not have list of beneficiaries for active mobilization. In nearly 78.4 % of sessions, number of mobilizer present during immunization session was one and/or two. Only 50 percent of session sites had all vaccines available. 93.2 % of Primary Health Centres had no written plan for supervision of immunization sessions. Out of 44 PHC, in 29.6 % of PHCs, sessions were not conducted as per micro-plan on the date of visit. . Conclusion: All ASHA / Aanganwadi workers should mobilize infants from their respective area if village has more than one AWW/ASHA. There is need to send BCG vaccine at all session sites irrespective of wastage concerns. Problem of Vacant post of FHW or FHW on leave/deputation should be dealt with.

Mosquito borne diseases are major public health problems in India. Gujarat is endemic for malaria and other mosquito borne diseases. Anopheles, Aedes and Culex are commonly seen in Gujarat. Therefore the efforts have been consistently made to educate the citizens of State on danger of mosquito bites. The present study was conducted to assess the awareness and practices of mosquito bite prevention methods among households of Central Gujarat district Vadodara. Total 311 families have participated in the study from UHTC area of the Medical college. Door to door visit was conducted to visit the all households. The study was conducted in the month of June 2009, which is observed as Anti-Malaria month in Gujarat. The pilot pre-tested structure questionnaire was used to collect the data. Study respondents were 57% male and 43% female. Almost 99% had knowledge about breeding places of mosquito, but poor knowledge about biting time (20%). 71% of participants knew that mosquito bite causes malaria. 39% 0f households were using mosquito net as protection against the bite, but only 10% were using insecticide treated bed net. There is need of increasing use of insecticide treated bed nets and continuous updating of knowledge about various aspects of mosquito bite.

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Introduction: Health professionals need to develop analytic and diagnostic thinking skills and not just a mere accumulation of large amount of facts. Hence, Case Based Learning (CBL) has been used in the medical curriculum for this reason, so that the students are exposed to the real medical problems, which helps them in develop analysing abilities. This also helps them in interpreting and solving the problems and in the course of doing this, they develop interest. In addition to didactic lectures, CBL was used as a learning method. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, S.B.K.S.M.I and R.C, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth ,Piparia, Gujarat, India. A group of 100 students were selected and they were divided into two groups as the control group and the study group. A total of 50 students were introduced to case based learning, which formed the study group and 50 students who attended didactic lectures formed the control group. Results: A very significant improvement (p

Occupational health is the area of medicine dedicated to the prevention and management of occupational and environmental injury, illness and disability, and the promotion of health and productivity of workers, their families and communities. Workers represent half the world’s population and the major contributors to economic and social development. Their health is determined not only by workplace hazards but also by social and individual factors and access to health services

According to recent census 2011, the total population of India is 1.21 billion. In 2001, 309 million persons were migrants based on place of last residence, which constitute about 30% of the population. The female and children are considered associated migrant in India. They are more vulnerable to health and social issues. The present study was conducted to assess the various aspects of Maternl and child healrh (MCH) issues among migratory families.

Anemia is the most common morbidity worldwide. World Health Organization has defined anemia as “a condition in which the hemoglobin content of blood is lower than normal as a result of deficiency of one or more essential nutrients regardless of the cause of such deficiency”. Hemoglobin is necessary for transporting oxygen from the lungs to other tissues and organs of the body. ......

Brick workers are known for poor health and poor access to health care. They are prone to specialized group of diseases. The present study was undertaken with objective to study the morbidity pattern among brick workers working around Ahmedabad city. It was a crosssectional study. There were 2545 brick kiln’s workers examined for various morbidities. They have one or more morbidity during examination. The musculoskeletal symptoms, respiratory and digestive system related symptoms were the major morbidity. There were other illness also observed, they were fever, malnutrition and skin diseases. The majority of workers were in age group of 15-44 years age group. The limitation of study was that it is the camp based approach. There is need to plan community based house to house study among brick workers.