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La biorremediación es un tema de actualidad por los beneficios que reporta a la creciente contaminación del medio ambiente. Algunos moluscos pueden utilizarse para estos fines, de ahí el objetivo de este trabajo, enfocado a estudiar el balance energético de Anadara tuberculosa ante diferentes condiciones de temperatura. Los niveles ensayados en condiciones de laboratorio fueron de 23, 26, 29 y 32°C, se utilizaron cámaras experimentales con flujo continuo para evaluar el balance energético (P) a partir de las tasas de filtración (TF) y clarificación (TC), la eficiencia de asimilación (EA), la energía consumida (C), la energía absorbida (A), así como las tasas de respiración (R) y excreción amoniacal (U). La TF fluctuó entre 0.332 (23°C) y 0.557 L·h-1·g -1 (26°C) y la TC varió entre 11.556 (23°C) y 20.282 mg·h-1·g -1 (26°C). Ambas tasas se mantuvieron independientes entre los 26 y 32°C. A pesar de que el valor más bajo de la EA se registró en 26°C (0.273), los valores más altos de C y A alcanzaron un promedio de 265.144 y 72.353 J·h -1·g -1 respectivamente, mientras que los componentes negativos R y U fueron de 6.122 y 0.007 J·h-1·g -1. El balance energético (P) registrado en las condiciones experimentales probadas fue siempre positivo e independiente de la temperatura, con valores de entre 50.055 J·h -1·g -1 (29°C) y 67.173 J·h-1·g -1 (26°C), lo cual indica que A. tuberculosa posee una capacidad de aclimatación térmica amplia por lo que puede ser considerada como candidata para cultivo y como biorremediador de efluentes acuícolas

We verify the recently developed method by Kisil (Kisil 2024 SIAM J. Appl. Math. 84, 464-476 (doi: 10.1137/23M1562445)) through its application in the study of the anti-plane dynamic response of an elastic square-cell lattice quadrant having a free lateral boundary that is subjected to a sinusoidal point load. The vertical boundary of the quadrant is assumed to be either fixed or free. The approach adopted utilizes the discrete Fourier transform in both principal lattice directions to reduce the governing equations to a functional equation linking both the bulk and boundary response of the system. For both problems, this functional equation is shown to reduce to scalar Wiener-Hopf equation whose solution can be exploited to determine the full response of the lattice system. The analytical solutions based on the Wiener-Hopf method are also implemented in numerical investigations that demonstrate the lattice response to various positions and frequencies of the load. In particular, this study includes dynamic regimes induced by the load that possess strong anisotropy and shows how the associated waveforms interact with the boundaries of the quadrant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las actitudes de los maestros hacia la inclusión del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales son clave a la hora de afrontar con éxito el proceso de inclusión educativa. Es por ello por lo que el principal objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las opiniones relativas a la inclusión mostradas por futuros maestros de infantil y primaria. Un total de 421 futuros maestros completaron la versión actualizada y en castellano del Opinions Relative to Integration of Students with Disabilities Scale (ORI) de Antonak y Larrivee (1995). Los resultados indican que los futuros maestros muestran una actitud muy positiva hacia la inclusión, aunque no se perciben suficientemente formados para llevarla a cabo con éxito. Los participantes que manifiestan estar más a favor de la inclusión son las mujeres; los alumnos de cursos superiores y, por tanto, con mayor edad; y aquellos participantes con contacto previo. Se propone que en los planes de formación docente se incluya más formación y actividades de contacto con el objetivo de que los futuros maestros se perciban como más preparados ante el reto de la inclusión.

Samaneh Kalirai,1 Jasmina I Ivanova,2 Magaly Perez-Nieves,1 Judith J Stephenson,3 Irene Hadjiyianni,1 Michael Grabner,3 Roy Daniel Pollom,1 Caroline Geremakis,3 Beverly L Reed,1 Lawrence Fisher4 1Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2Analysis Group Inc., New York, NY, USA; 3HealthCore Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA; 4Department of Family and Community Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USACorrespondence: Michael GrabnerHealthCore, Inc., 123 Justison St, Suite 200, Wilmington, DE 19801, USATel +1 302 230-2000Email mgrabner@healthcore.comObjective: A survey of US adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted to better understand patients’ insulin initiation experiences and treatment persistence behaviors.Research Design and Methods: Participants were recruited from consumer panels and grouped by basal insulin treatment pattern: continuers (no gap of ≥ 7 days within 6 months of initiation); interrupters (gap ≥ 7 days, resumed treatment); discontinuers (stopped for ≥ 7 days, not resumed). A quota of approximately 50 respondents per persistence category was set.Results: A total of 154 respondents (52 continuers, 52 interrupters, 50 discontinuers) completed the survey. Mean age was 51.4 years; 51.9% male. Continuers were more likely to report their views being considered during initiation, and less likely to report a sense of failure. Concerns included insulin dependence (64.3% agree/strongly agree), frequent blood glucose monitoring (55.2%), costs/ability to pay (53.9%), fears of or mistakes during self-injection (52.6%), and weight gain (52.6%). Continuers were motivated by benefits of insulin therapy; experienced or potential side effects were notable factors for interruption/discontinuation. Healthcare provider instruction was indicated as a reason for continuing, stopping, and restarting therapy.Conclusion: Benefits of basal insulin therapy motivated continuers while side effects impacted interruption/discontinuation. Persistence on basal insulin is often influenced by provider actions. Earlier provider intervention upon signs of treatment discontinuation may promote persistence.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, basal insulin, patient survey, medication persistence

Purpose: This study aims to analyze changes in Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), lung function, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood pressure, in 10 healthy active elderly women, following 7 weeks of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) combined with a multicomponent training program (MCTP). The association among these health parameters, their changes after training (deltas), and the influence of MIP at baseline (MIP[subscript pre]) are also considered. Methods: IMT involved 30 inspirations at 50% of the MIP, twice daily, 7 days a week, while MCTP was 1 hr, twice a week. MIP, lung function (FVC, FEV[subscript 1], FEV[subscript 1]/FVC, FEF[subscript 25-75%], PEF), 6MWT, and blood pressure (SBP, DBP), jointly with body composition, were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Seven weeks were enough to improved MIP (p = 0.019; d = 1.397), 6MWT (p = 0.012; d = 0.832), SBP (p = 0.003; d = 1.035) and DBP (p = 0.024; d = 0.848). Despite the high physical fitness (VO[subscript 2] peak: M = 23.38, SD = 3.39 ml[middle dot]min[middle dot]Kg[superscript -1]), MIP[subscript pre] was low (M = 39.00, SD = 7.63 cmH[subscript 2]O) and displayed a significant negative correlation with [delta]MIP[subscript pre-post] (r = -0.821; p < 0.004), showing that women who started the intervention with lower MIP achieved higher improvements in inspiratory muscle strength after training. Conclusions: No significant changes in spirometric parameters may signal that lung function is independent of early improvements in inspiratory muscles and cardiorespiratory fitness. Absence of correlation between physical fitness and respiratory outcomes suggests that being fit does not ensure cardiorespiratory health in active elderly women, so IMT might be beneficial and should supplement the MCTP in this population.

Several acute and chronic lung diseases are associated with alveolar hypoventilation leading to accumulation of CO2 (hypercapnia). The β-subunit of the Na,K-ATPase plays a pivotal role in maintaining epithelial integrity by functioning as a cell adhesion molecule and regulating cell surface stability of the catalytic α-subunit of the transporter, thereby, maintaining optimal alveolar fluid balance. Here, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase for the Na,K-ATPase β-subunit, which promoted polyubiquitination, subsequent endocytosis and proteasomal degradation of the protein upon exposure of alveolar epithelial cells to elevated CO2 levels, thus impairing alveolar integrity. Ubiquitination of the Na,K-ATPase β-subunit required lysine 5 and 7 and mutating these residues (but not other lysines) prevented trafficking of Na,K-ATPase from the plasma membrane and stabilized the protein upon hypercapnia. Furthermore, ubiquitination of the Na,K-ATPase β-subunit was dependent on prior phosphorylation at serine 11 by protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ. Using a protein microarray, we identified the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) as the E3 ligase driving ubiquitination of the Na,K-ATPase β-subunit upon hypercapnia. Of note, prevention of Na,K-ATPase β-subunit ubiquitination was necessary and sufficient to restore the formation of cell-cell junctions under hypercapnic conditions. These results suggest that a hypercapnic environment in the lung may lead to persistent epithelial dysfunction in affected patients. As such, the identification of the E3 ligase for the Na,K-ATPase may provide a novel therapeutic target, to be employed in patients with acute or chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, aiming to restore alveolar epithelial integrity.

With reference to the homogenization theory, as well as problems of vibrations in physics and mechanics, we note a growing interest in the analysis of domains whose boundaries are singularly perturbed. We consider solids containing large clusters of defects that may possess unusual dynamic responses to external loads. We review the method of the mesoscale uniform asymptotic approximations, which use the Green kernels and take into account different scales (defined relative to the size of individual inclusions), together with boundary layer fields. The method provides an efficient analytical tool, as well as solvers for hybrid numerical schemes aimed at solutions of boundary value and spectral problems for mesoscale structures, containing large clusters of defects. We discuss examples that include solids with many small inclusions, where a small parameter, the relative size of an inclusion, may compete with a large parameter, representing an overall number of inclusions. We note that in some cases, the approach of mesoscale asymptotic approximations provides a powerful alternative to the conventional homogenization algorithms for solids with large clusters of small inclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of meso-scale asymptotic approximations has proved to be very effective for the analysis of models of solids containing large clusters of defects, such as small inclusions or voids. Here, we present a new avenue where the method is extended to elastic multi-structures. Geometrically, a multi-structure makes a step up in the context of overall dimensions, compared to the dimensions of its individual constituents. The main mathematical challenge comes from the analysis of the junction regions assigned to the multi-structure itself. Attention is given to problems of vibration and on the coupling of vibration modes corresponding to displacements of different orientations. The method is demonstrated through the dynamic analysis of infinite or finite multi-scale asymmetric flexural systems consisting of a heavy beam connected to a non-periodic array of massless flexural resonators within some interval. In modelling the interaction between the beam and the resonators, we derive a vectorial system of partial differential equations through which the axial and flexural motions of the heavy beam are coupled. The solution of these equations is written explicitly in terms of Green's functions having intensities determined from a linear algebraic system. The influence of the resonators on the heavy beam is investigated within the framework of scattering and eigenvalue problems. For large collections of resonators, dynamic homogenization approximations for the medium within the location of the resonant array are derived, leading to (i) the classical Rayleigh beam for symmetric systems and (ii) a generalized Rayleigh beam for asymmetric structures that support flexural–longitudinal wave coupling. Independent numerical simulations are also presented that demonstrate the accuracy of the analytical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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