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An enhanced Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift, which is attributed to the oscillating wave propagating in the polyimide-coated symmetrical metal cladding waveguide, is employed to optically monitor the relative humidity (RH). The interaction of polyimide with the water molecules can change the waveguide structure parameters (thickness and refractive index) and thus alter the magnitude of GH shift. In our experiment, the magnitude of GH shift is measured during the RH variation from 43% to 73% with a step of 5% and the corresponding desiccation process. The proposed optical RH sensor exhibits good linearity and high sensitivity, meanwhile provides short response time and favorable stability over a long period. In addition, since the GH shift signal is position encoded, our sensing mechanism is immune to the intensity fluctuation in the light source. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We experimentally demonstrate that the bandwidth of single photons laser pulse is compressed by a factor of 58 in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide chip. A positively chirped single photons laser pulse and a negatively chirped classical laser pulse are employed to produce a narrowband single photon pulse with new frequency through sum-frequency generation. In our experiment, the frequency and bandwidth of single photons at 1550 nm are simultaneously converted. Our results mark a critical step towards the realization of coherent photonic interface between quantum communication at 1550 nm and quantum memory in the near-visible window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We demonstrate a multiwavelength fiber laser with ultradense wavelength spacing and ultrabroad bandwidth based on inhomogeneous loss mechanism with assistance of nonlinear polarization rotation. The inhomogeneous loss, implemented by incorporating a section of highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) and a Sagnac filter in the laser cavity, can balance mode competition in erbium-doped fiber and result in ultradense multiwavelength generation. The bandwidth of the multiwavelength spectrum is greatly broadened owing to the intensity-dependent loss induced by nonlinear polarization rotation. Stable multiwavelength lasing with wavelength spacing of 0.08nm and wavelength number up to 254 is achieved at room temperature. Moreover, multiwavelength tuning is realized through modifying polarization-dependent cavity loss. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Perfect entanglement swapping, which can be realized without the postselection by using the nonlinear optical technology, provides an important way toward generating the large-scale quantum network. We explore an entanglement-swapping-based dense wavelength division multiplexed network in the experiment. Four users receive single quantum states at different wavelengths, and we perform a time-energy entanglement swapping operation based on the sum-frequency generation to make users fully connected in the network. The results show that the fidelity of the entangled state is larger than 90% and is independent of the number of users. Our Letter demonstrates the feasibility of a proposed multiuser network, and hence paves a route toward a variety of quantum applications, including entanglement-swapping-based quantum direct communication.

We numerically proposed and demonstrated a semiconductor meta-surface light absorber, which consists of a silicon patches array on a silicon thin-film and an opaque silver substrate. The Mie resonances of the silicon patches and the fundamental cavity mode of the ultra-thin silicon film couple strongly to the incident optical field, leading to a multi-band perfect absorption. The maximal absorption is above 99.5% and the absorption is polarization-independent. Moreover, the absorption behavior is scalable in the frequency region via tuning the structural parameters. These features hold the absorber platform with wide applications in optoelectronics such as hot-electron excitation and photo-detection.

We theoretically present a powerful method to achieve a continuous metal film structure with broadband optical transparency via introducing a dielectric Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity. An incident optical field could be efficiently coupled and confined with the strong localized plasmons by the non-close-packed plasmonic crystal at the input part and could then become re-radiated output via the transmission channel supported by the dielectric cavity. The formed photonic-plasmonic system could therefore make the seamless metal film structure have a superior near-unity transparency (up to 97%) response and a broadband transparent spectrum with bandwidth >245 nm (with transmittance >90%) in the optical regime. The observed optical properties of the proposed structure can be highly tuned via varying the structural parameters. Based on the colloidal assembly method, the proposed plasmonic crystal can be fabricated in a large area. In addition, the achieved optical transparency can be retained in the extremely roughed metal film structure. Thereby, the findings could offer a feasible way to achieve a broadband transparent metal film structure and hold potential applications in transparent electrodes, touch screens and interactive electronics.

An optical structure for relative humidity (RH) sensing based on a polyimide-coated symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide is proposed. The diffusion of water molecules into the polyimide film leads to a combined change of thickness and refractive index. Due to the high sensitivity of ultrahigh-order modes, the interaction between water molecules and polyimide will give rise to a dramatic variation in the reflected light intensity. Our optical RH sensor exhibits a good linearity and a high RH resolution of approximately 0.16% for RH values ranging from 36% to 76%. In addition, it provides a short response time, a favorable stability over a long period, and a small degree of hysteresis.

We present a novel and simple optical structure, i.e., the symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide, in which a polymer layer is added into the guiding layer, for sensitive detection of chemical vapor by using the enhanced Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift (nearly a millimeter scale). Owing to the high sensitivity of the excited ultrahigh-order modes, the vapor-induced effect (swelling effect and refractive index change) in the polymer layer will lead to a dramatic variation of the GH shift. The detected GH shift signal is irrelevant to the power fluctuation of the incident light. The detection limit of 9.5 ppm for toluene and 28.5 ppm for benzene has been achieved.