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This article deals with the question of the connection between grammaticalized categories and specific patterns of information organization in the verbalization of events. Following studies on macrostructural planning principles, we examine, on the basis of the retellings of a film, the role of typological categories such as pro-drop and word order in determining core features in information organization. With respect to the latter, we put special emphasis on information selection and information packaging. The comparison of Italian and French intends to display patterned differences between two typologically close languages with respect to information organization. Thus, this article seeks to reveal subtle but systematic differences between the two languages that provide insights into how relevant information is structured.

Prior research has demonstrated the role of kind school climate in students' academic and social-emotional learning outcomes. However, there is sparse literature showing the link of school kindness to mental health functioning. This study examines the association of school kindness with well-being dimensions such as positive emotions and depressive symptoms among 1287 Filipino high school students. It also explored whether school kindness would have indirect effects on well-being via school belongingness. Structural equation modeling via maximum likelihood estimation approach showed that school kindness was linked to higher positive emotions and lower depressive symptoms after controlling for demographic covariates such as age and gender. Further, results of bias-corrected bootstrapping analyses demonstrated that school kindness had indirect effects on positive emotions and depressive symptoms via school belongingness. This research underscores the mental health benefits associated with fostering kindness in school contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cerebral cortex is widely accepted to be involved in the control of cognition and the processing of learned information. However, data suggest that it may also have a role in the regulation of innate responses because rodents, cats or primates with surgical removal of cortical regions show excessive aggression and rage elicited by threatening stimuli. Nevertheless, the imprecision and chronic nature of these lesions leave open the possibility that compensatory processes may underlie some of these phenotypes. In the present study we applied a precise, rapid and reversible inhibition approach to examine the contribution of the cerebral cortex to defensive behaviours elicited by a variety of innately aversive stimuli in laboratory mice. Pharmacological treatment of mice carrying the pharmacogenetic inhibitory receptor hM4D selectively in neocortex, archicortex and related dorsal telencephalon‐derived structures resulted in the rapid inhibition of cerebral cortex neural activity. Cortical inhibition was associated with a selective increase in defensive behaviours elicited by an aggressive conspecific, a novel prey and a physically stressful stimulus. These findings are consistent with a role for cortex in the acute inhibition of innate defensive behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the course of language acquisition learners have to deal with the task of producing narrative texts that are coherent across a range of conceptual domains (space, time, entities) - both within as well as across utterances. The organization of information is analyzed in this study, on the basis of retellings of a silent film, in terms of devices used in the coordination and subordination of events within the narrative sequence. The focus on subordination reflects a core grammatical difference between Italian and French, as Italian is a null-subject language while French is not. The implications of this contrast for information structure include differences in topic management within the sequence of events. The present study investigates in how far Italian-French bilingual speakers acquire the patterns of monolingual speakers of Italian. It compares how early and late bilinguals of these two languages proceed when linking information in narratives in Italian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]