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The Citarum River is facing pollution and damage due to domestic and industrial activities. The provincial and national governments have implemented several programs to address the Citarum issue. One key aspect of rehabilitating the Citarum River basin is the increase in environmental awareness among the community. This research aims to examine the influence of the Citarum Harum Program on the formation of Eco-literacy among the communities in Upper Citarum. A survey was conducted with 393 respondents who reside along the banks of the Upper Citarum River, distributed across the 8 sectors of the Citarum Harum Program. The research instruments used include structured questionnaires, documentary studies, and interview guidelines. Data analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with SmartPLS software version 3.2.9. The results of the study indicate that Eco-literacy (ECO) has a positive correlation with the handling of existing problems (HP) with a t-value of 1.136. Eco-literacy (ECO) has a negative correlation with the physical, social, and environmental characteristics (CH) with a t-value of -0.486, as well as with the occurrence of problems with a t-value of -0.237. This suggests that the formation of eco-literacy among the communities in Upper Citarum is highly dependent on the efforts undertaken by the task force. However, there is currently no connectivity between the knowledge and attitudes of the community towards actions in the restoration of river pollution and damage.

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, explores the spectrum of clinical symptoms and endoscopic presentations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced small bowel injuries. The study, conducted at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals in the UK, retrospectively evaluated capsule endoscopy (CE) data from 2011 to July 2023 in patients with documented NSAID use and inflammatory small bowel injury. The findings indicate that NSAIDs enteropathy presents with a wide range of manifestations at CE, making it difficult to differentiate from Crohn's disease. Additionally, a significant percentage of patients still exhibit small bowel damage even after months of NSAID suspension, contrary to ESGE guidelines. [Extracted from the article]

The chiral discrimination energies in domains composed of chiral amphiphilic monolayers are theoretically studied. However, systematic coarse-graining of model systems shows that the consistent use of a set of parameters can correctly predict the chiral preference. The model calculation suggests that, with a gradual loss of chirality of the model molecule, the chiral interaction is diminished.

It is well known that super derivation of a Lie superalgebra is certain generalization of derivation of a Lie algebra. This paper is devoted to investigate the structure and dimension of super derivation algebra Der(G) of G where G is a direct sum of two finite dimensional Lie superalgebras L and K having no non-trivial common direct factor. We also introduce some of its sub super algebras. Moreover, we create a condition which shows the isomorphism between super derivation of direct sum and direct sum of super derivations of two Lie superalgebras. Later on, we take G as a semidirect sum of two Lie superalgebras and obtain the structure of Der(G : K) which is a sub super algebra of Der(G) that contains those super derivations mapping K to itself. Finally, we give some conditions under which Der(G : K) is also a semidirect sum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective pair potential (EPP) theory was used to correlate the molecular chiral structure of a phospholipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and the handedness of the mesoscopic domain composed of DPPC. The distribution of the headgroup orientation in the aqueous subphase does not destroy the chirality of the domain shape.

This study aims to determine the level of naturalist intelligence of students in class XI of Santo Leo High School, West Jakarta. This research uses descriptive-qualitative method. The population and sample in this study used Simple Random Sampling with students in class XI IPS SMA Santo Leo West Jakarta as many as 32 people. the instrument used in this study is a questionnaire related to naturalist intelligence. The results showed that the naturalist intelligence of students in class XI IPS SMA Santo Leo West Jakarta was classified as a high category with a score of 3.89. As explained in detail the achievement of each indicator is Distinguishing members of a species gets a score of 4.10 with a high category, Recognizing the existence of species with a penchant for being in the open nature of the medium category (3.54), Mapping the relationship between several species, either formally or informally with a score of 4.00 (High category) and Researching natural symptoms with a score of 3.90 which is classified as high.

The present study expresses the turbulent flow characteristics through a 90° pipe bend using a numerical method by determining the solutions for Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) expression using the k-ω (SST) turbulence model. For that purpose, numerical analysis has been carried out by solving RANS equations using ANSYS FLUENT 16.2, considering incompressible fluid in turbulent flow conditions. Simulations have been carried out for three different Reynolds number ranging from 1×105 to 10×105 at three different bend curvature ratios (Rc/D = 1, 1.5, and 2). Pipe bends with guide vane are generally used where flow separation and space problem makes an issue in mechanical design. The presence of guide vane inside the bend positively suppressed the flow separation and presence of cross-flow which can cause the engine to run off design, thus reducing the engine efficiency. So, to observe the effect of guide vane and its position on turbulence characteristics, four different positions of guide vane inside the bend are considered in the present study. At first, an analysis was led to make sure that the results obtained from the present numerical model are reliable and in line with previous results obtained from similar published experiments and numerical work. Research has been conducted to find out the impact of Reynolds number, bend curvature ratio and position of guide vane on different turbulence characteristics namely; turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent intensity, and wall shear stress at bend outlet position. In general, the turbulent intensity is found larger for the lower bend curvature ratio at the inner wall curvature side. Results for turbulent kinetic energy have similarities in results with turbulent intensity. Significantly, the wall shear stress represented a strong dependency on the circumferential angle at the bend outlet cross-section, and curvature ratio rather than Reynolds number and guide vane positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the efficacy of two different bowel preparations for small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE): a standard 2L polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution and a 1L PEG solution combined with ascorbate (PEG-ASC). The study found that there was a nearly statistically significant difference in mucosal visibility between the two groups, with the 1L PEG-ASC group showing slightly better results. However, there were no differences in diagnostic yield, total visibility score, video-capsule endoscopy completeness, or mucosal visibility in each tertile. The study suggests that 1L PEG-ASC is an effective alternative to the standard 2L PEG solution for SBCE preparation. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, examines the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic markers of atrophy in the duodenum for adult patients with suspected coeliac disease. The study found that patients with higher levels of IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTG) were more likely to have endoscopic markers of atrophy. However, the overall diagnostic accuracy of these markers was found to be suboptimal, emphasizing the importance of biopsies in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. The study highlights the need for further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, presents a case study of a 54-year-old male with Crohn's disease who had a bezoar in his mid-ileum. The bezoar was successfully removed using antegrade double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL). Although the bezoar was only partially fractured during the procedure, it was ultimately retrieved using a retrieval net. The patient experienced no adverse events and was discharged the following day. The article concludes that DBE is an effective technique for treating small bowel conditions and can help avoid the need for surgery. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the role of capsule endoscopy (CE) and double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in the management of adult patients with coeliac disease (CD) and persisting symptoms. The study analyzed data from 132 adult patients who underwent CE and DBE at the National Centre for Refractory CD in England. The most common symptoms reported were diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss. The diagnostic yield of CE and DBE was high, and CD-related complications were identified in 10.6% of patients. Older age, weight loss, and anemia were associated with poor outcomes. The study concludes that close monitoring is necessary for older patients with persistent villous atrophy, weight loss, and anemia to facilitate early diagnosis and management of complications. [Extracted from the article]

This paper aims to describe the contribution of eco-literacy to building environmental caring behavior in Senior High School 1 Bandung. In capital urban of west java have an issue with various environmental damage, such as uncontrolled land use conversion and rising anthropogenic disaster. Thus the environment needs humans for its sustainability. The study used the student’s eco-literacy level and environmental caring behavior level. This research used a survey method with descriptive analysis through a quantitative approach. Primary data comes from direct interviews, surveys, and questionnaires, with secondary data from journals, books, and school documentation. Populations and samples were all students in 2nd grade with four classes from social majors. The data analysis techniques used a normality test, linearity test, coefficient of determination R square test, F-test, and t-test. The results of this paper show that the student’s eco-literacy has a middle category level and the environmental caring behavior of the students has a middle category level. Educational units must evaluate eco-literacy development indefinitely to build environmental caring behavior at a high category level.

Abstract Background In randomized clinical trials, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been shown to reduce death and/or moderate-to-severe disability in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in high-income countries, while this has not consistently been the case in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many studies reporting on outcomes of neonates with HIE managed with TH are those conducted under controlled study conditions, and few reporting in settings where this intervention is offered as part of standard of care, especially from LMICs. In this study we report on short-term outcomes of neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE where TH was offered as part of standard of care. Objective To determine characteristics and mortality rate at hospital discharge in neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE. Methods Hospital records of neonates with intrapartum asphyxia were reviewed for clinical findings, management with TH (cooled or non-cooled) and mortality at hospital discharge. Inclusion criteria were birthweight ≥ 1800 g, gestational age ≥ 36 weeks and moderate-to-severe HIE. Comparisons were made between survivors and non–survivors in cooled and/or non-cooled neonates. Results Intrapartum asphyxia was diagnosed in 856 neonates, with three having no recorded HIE status; 30% (258/853) had mild HIE, and 595/853 (69%) with moderate-to-severe HIE. The overall incidence of intrapartum asphyxia was 8.8/1000 live births. Of the 595 with moderate-to-severe HIE, three had no records on cooling and 67% (399/592) were cooled. Amongst 193 non-cooled neonates, 126 (67%) had documented reasons for not being cooled with common reasons being a moribund neonate (54.0%), equipment unavailability (11.1%), pulmonary hypertension (9.5%), postnatal age > 6 h on admission (8.7%), and improvement in severity of encephalopathy (8.7%). Overall mortality was 29.0%, being 17.0% and 53.4% in cooled and non-cooled infants respectively. On multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with mortality was severe encephalopathy. Conclusion Overall mortality in neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE was 29.0% and 17.0% in those who were cooled. Cooling was not offered to all neonates mainly because of severe clinical illness, equipment unavailability and delayed presentation, making it difficult to assess overall impact of this intervention. Prospective clinical studies need to be conducted in LMIC to further assess effect of TH in short and long-term outcomes.

The role of electrostatic interaction in the domain morphology of amide, ether, ester, and amine monoglycerol monolayers with systematic variation in the molecular structure of the headgroup region is investigated. The results suggest that the characteristic feature of the condensed monolayer phase is very different for these monoglycerols.

Interesting crossover from heterochiral preference to homochiral preference of the 1-O-hexadecyl glycerol amphiphile in Langmuir monolayers is discussed. The calculation of the magnitude of discrimination depends on the representation of the molecular structure used in the theoretical calculation and is consistent with the previous calculations.

The objection raised by Boresch and Steinhauser (BS) about the theoretical treatment by Nandi and Bagchi (NB) on the dielectric relaxation of aqueous protein solution is evaluated. It is explained that NB has assumed in its theoretical treatment that the total dipole moment correlation function is composed of the self- and cross-correlations between the three dynamical species present in the solution.

A-type carrier (ATC) proteins are proposed to function in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters, although their exact role remains controversial. The genome of Mycobacterium smegmatis encodes a single ATC protein, MSMEG_4272, which belongs to the HesB/YadR/YfhF family of proteins. Attempts to generate an MSMEG_4272 deletion mutant by two-step allelic exchange were unsuccessful, suggesting that the gene is essential for in vitro growth. CRISPRi-mediated transcriptional knock-down of MSMEG_4272 resulted in a growth defect under standard culture conditions, which was exacerbated in mineral-defined media. The knockdown strain displayed reduced intracellular iron levels under iron-replete conditions and increased susceptibility to clofazimine, 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ), and isoniazid, while the activity of the Fe-S containing enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase, and aconitase were not affected. This study suggests that MSMEG_4272 plays a role in the regulation of intracellular iron levels and is required for in vitro growth of M. smegmatis, particularly during exponential growth.

IntroductionThe provision of kangaroo mother care (KMC) involving continuous skin-to-skin care (SSC) is an important intervention in neonatal care, which is recommended even when women are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). We report on a nosocomial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a KMC ward.MethodsContact tracing was conducted following the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in a mother lodging in the KMC ward. All mother-newborn dyads in the KMC and healthcare workers (HCW) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 within 24–72 h of diagnosing the index case. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained and tested from contacts, with a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) assay. Next-generation sequencing was done on positive samples. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was calculated assuming that the mother who presented with symptoms was the source of infection.ResultsTwelve (70.6%) of 17 mothers and 8 (42.1%) of 19 neonates who were in the KMC ward with the index case were found to be positive with SARS-CoV-2. Seven (87.5%) of the 8 neonates who tested positive had mothers who also tested positive. Seventy-five percent (9/12) of the mothers and 62.5% (5/8) of the neonates who tested positive were asymptomatic. Eight (27.6%) of 29 HCW were found to be positive and were all asymptomatic. One neonate died from Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis, and his post-mortem lung histopathology showed features compatible with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The sequencing of 13 specimens, which included 1 mother-newborn dyad, indicated clustering to the same phylogenetic lineage with identical mutations. In assessing for factors contributing to this outbreak, it was found that spaces between beds were less than 1 m and mothers had their meals around the same table at the same time.ConclusionWe report on a nosocomial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a KMC ward, affecting a high number of mothers and neonates, and to a lesser extent HCWs. Although it is difficult to point to the index case as the source of this outbreak, as asymptomatic individuals can spread infection, the inadequate adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was assessed to have contributed to the spread of infection. This highlights the need for awareness and adherence to mitigation strategies to avoid SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

We report the results from characteristic study of a straw tube detector prototype using premixed gas of Argon and CO 2 in 70/30 and 90/10 volume ratio. In this study the gain and the energy resolution are measured using Fe55 X-ray source. Same X-ray source is used to irradiate the straw and to collect the spectra. The main motivation of this work is to study the variation of the gain and energy resolution of the straw tube detector with X-ray rate per unit length in a laboratory for the first time. No accelerator or X-ray generator is used. The details of the test set-up, the method of measurement and the test results are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shoreline changes are the main concern for coastal management. In Indonesia coastal zone is the populated region for marine and fishery economic sectors. Dynamic of the region shown by shoreline change. This study aims to explain the dynamics of shoreline change in Gebang, Cirebon Regency from 1915 to 2019, and several factors that influence. This research using overlay intersections to know shoreline change from 1915-2019 and multiple linear regression to determine several factors that influence the shoreline change. The shoreline increased 992.99 meters caused by accretion. Physical factors that influence shoreline changes include total suspended solids, bathymetry, wind, and tides, whereas social factors include the presence of beach building, population density, building density, and distance from the built-up area. The most influential factor in increased shoreline is bathymetry. Based on the results of statistical tests known that physical and social factors are influence significantly the dynamics of shoreline changes. The correlation between the actual and the predicted value reached 0.97 with p-value 0.001.

People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) have been identified as a key at-risk group for tuberculosis (TB). Examination of illicit drug use networks has potential to assess the risk of TB exposure and disease progression. Research also is needed to assess mechanisms for accelerated TB transmission in this population. This study aims to 1) assess the rate of TB exposure, risk of disease progression, and disease burden among PWUD; 2) estimate the proportion of active TB cases resulting from recent transmission within this network; and 3) evaluate whether PWUD with TB disease have physiologic characteristics associated with more efficient TB transmission. Our cross-sectional, observational study aims to assess TB transmission through illicit drug use networks, focusing on methamphetamine and Mandrax (methaqualone) use, in a high TB burden setting and identify mechanisms underlying accelerated transmission. We will recruit and enroll 750 PWUD (living with and without HIV) through respondent driven sampling in Worcester, South Africa. Drug use will be measured through self-report and biological measures, with sputum specimens collected to identify TB disease by Xpert Ultra (Cepheid) and mycobacterial culture. We will co-enroll those with microbiologic evidence of TB disease in Aim 2 for molecular and social network study. Whole genome sequencing of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) specimens and social contact surveys will be done for those diagnosed with TB. For Aim 3, aerosolized Mtb will be compared in individuals with newly diagnosed TB who do and do not smoke illicit drug. Knowledge from this study will provide the basis for a strategy to interrupt TB transmission in PWUD and provide insight into how this fuels overall community transmission. Results have potential for informing interventions to reduce TB spread applicable to high TB and HIV burden settings. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number: NCT041515602. Date of Registration: 5 November 2019.