Search

Introduction: Oral diseases continue to be a major and common health problem worldwide and affect the quality of life by causing considerable pain and discomfort. While the mechanistic methods of caries prevention and treatment are in vogue, the concern about adverse effects of the constituents of these methods persists. Thus, there has always existed a need to develop effective and safe strategies to combat oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Aim: To examine the action of Albizia lebbeck (A. lebbeck) bark extracts on the growth and virulence factors of S. mutans such as-biofilm formation, surface adherence, cell surface hydrophobicity and acid production. Materials and Methods: Ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroform extracts of the bark of A. lebbeck was prepared and tested for their activity against the ATCC 25175 S. mutans. The phytochemical constituents of the extracts were determined by biochemical assays and the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were obtained using the well diffusion assay. The effect of the sub-MIC concentrations of extracts on biofilm formation & eradication, microbial growth, adherence of the strain to glass surfaces, cell surface hydrophobicity and acid production were also determined. Results: All extracts inhibited the organism's growth, and MIC was determined as 25 mg/ml. the sub-MIC concentrations of the extracts were found to-inhibit the formation of biofilms, eradicate formed biofilms and interfere with the adherence and acid production of S. mutans. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts were found to be active at low concentrations (0.02mg/ml) and demonstrate a potential to be used in the formulation of anti-caries preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In recent years, a new concept has emerged at the forefront of slide-based diagnosis and telepathology. This is the concept of whole slide imaging. This has very recently also been tried with smartphones using complex software for photo analysis and stitching. This study is aimed to evaluate and compare the use of Jenoptik photomicrograph camera and smartphone camera-based whole slide imaging (WSI) for various microscopic preparations and slides. The study also uses a commonly available IOS smartphone device, a commonly available phone to microscope attachment, and the most commonly used Adobe Photoshop software for all stitching purposes. Aim: To evaluate and compare smartphone and photomicrography-based whole slide imaging. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology in Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere. The samples included in this study are 10 slides of routine hematoxylin and eosin stain slides and 10 ground section slides of teeth and bone samples. Continuous photographs of the entire slide were captured using an IOS device and a Jenoptik camera attached research microscope at 10× magnification. The photographs were stitched using Adobe Photoshop 2017 software to obtain a whole slide image. Then, two observers analyzed the whole slide image for a possible diagnosis and thus compared the efficiency of both the methods. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical Chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) H test were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 2010 Software. Results: Percentage of measure of agreement was 79.5%, 83.7% and 86.3%, 89.1% for the whole slide images taken in the smartphone and photomicrograph and analyzed by Observer 1 and Observer 2, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, it can be seen that the WSI by research microscopes is better than that with a smartphone and a compound microscope but still both the methods are equally good and can be followed with accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) is a rare variant of ameloblastoma, accounting for approximately 4 to 13% of ameloblastomas. It is uncommon, aggressive in nature, and there are high chances of misdiagnosis. Clinical and radiographical features are similar to fibro-osseous lesions of jaw. We reported a case of 35-year-old male patient of DA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent neoplasm of the oral cavity. A strong relationship exists between tobacco smoking and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The mortality rate associated with head and neck cancers remains high, and thus detection techniques are important. Oral exfoliative cytology is a simple, noninvasive method that involves microscopic analysis of cells collected from the surface of oral mucosa which can reveal various cellular and nuclear alterations in squamous cell carcinoma. Aims: This study aims to analyze the cytomorphometric changes in smokers and nonsmokers and to compare and evaluate the efficacy of different stains, that is, Papanicolaou, Methyl green-pyronin, and Feulgen stains in assessing the oral smears. Patients and Methods: Study sample consists of 72 healthy individuals of 30-40 years including two groups (36 smokers and 36 nonsmokers) who had no clinically apparent oral mucosal lesions. Three smears were obtained from each subject with oral cytobrush and were then stained separately with Papanicolaou, Methyl green-pyronin, and Feulgen stains. Smears were observed and assessed for cytoplasmic diameter, nuclear diameter, and nuclear color intensity. Results: All three stains in our study showed significant variations in all three parameters between smokers and nonsmokers (P < 0.05). Out of all the three stains, Methyl green-pyronin Y stain proved to give better results. Conclusion: This study contributed to the fact that exfoliative cytology is a simple, noninvasive diagnostic technique for identifying cancerous changes in oral mucosa at an early stage for early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]