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Investigating the performance and productivity level of different energy consuming sectors in all countries is an inevitable action. This procedure will be conducted by comparing the energy input and the output of the system which is vital to ensure that the system is used properly. The proper utilization of systems will lead to more efficiency in the energy consumption section. One of the most important tasks in this type of study is the analysis of uncertainty indicators. The analysis and evaluation of uncertainty indices in energy consumption system is a tool that prioritizes the indicators in terms of importance and impact on each of the consumption targets. These consumption goals include energy, environmental, technical, economical, and social objectives. Ultimately, the output data of the uncertainty analysis will be very helpful for making the system more reliable and usable. In this study, we first introduced different sectors of the energy consumption system in Finland and examined each of these sectors in terms of physical and environmental goals. Then the uncertainty indexes in different sectors are extracted, evaluated qualitatively and quantified using the fuzzy logic method. Finally, indicators are prioritized based on the level of effectiveness and uncertainty. According to the results of this research, among 44 considered indices, the security of energy supply, carbon emission, equivalent annual cost, reliability, and political acceptability are respectively the most important indices for energy, environmental, economic, technical and social goals.

Byline: Lorna Uden, Marja Naaranoja Service innovation is important in today's world economy. It is the current focus of many businesses. The reason is that services today represent 80% of most developed countries' GDP and a growing percentage of the developing countries' GDP. Organisations today can no longer compete solely on providing superior service on their core products, instead, they must move into customer relationship management through the co-evolution of memorable experiences with their customers. This means providing better services for their customers. SMEs are a breeding ground for service innovation. Currently there is very little literature existing concerning the role of SMEs in service innovation. This paper aims to shed some light on identifying the drivers for the application of service innovation for SMEs using a case study from Finland. The case study shows the processes that are important for an SME in service innovation. Central to this is the importance of co-creation of value between provider and customers based on the service dominant logic of marketing. In the paper, emphasis is put on the importance of sustaining relationship with customers by constantly focusing on the quality of customer interactive experiences with the provider to maintain the co-creation of value.

Utilization of renewable energy technologies is one of the strategies of the governments in order to increase the level of energy security. One of the main renewable energy resources with fast utilization growth is wind power. However, development of wind power is highly depended on its related technologies. Therefore, wind power technology forecasting is an indispensable requirement to understand how each of the wind energy domains will improve in the future. This research is to focus on the analysis of wind power technologies based on the technology life cycle approach. The contributions can help researchers, technology futurists, and policy makers to focus better on the related R&D and utilization policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing energy demand has created the challenge of supplying safe, economical, and durable energy with minimal impact on the environment. Therefore, governments have developed and executed several strategies such as increasing efficiency in energy systems in addition to replacing existing sources with renewable energies. One of the most important renewable energy sources that have a competitive advantage compared with other resources is solar energy and its related technologies. However, development of this technology, its related products, and their competitiveness in the market has created a plethora of challenges. In this study, the focus is on the analysis of photovoltaic technology development in the context of different technology generations. The S-shape curve of each generation and sub-technologies of photovoltaic is designed and analyzed. Results show that the first generation of photovoltaic technology is in growth and early maturity stage. The second generation is also in growth stage, but the third generation is mainly in the introduction stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to discuss a model for diffusion of innovation among the professionals of primary health-care centers in Finland. The authors answer partially to one of the important questions of the policymakers titled "How primary health-care centers can move toward systems that continuously improve their innovation?". Design/methodology/approach - A systematic-qualitative framework based on an action research is presented to assess dynamics of diffusion of innovation in the primary health-care centers in Finland. Findings - The authors conceptualize the innovation systems of primary health-care systems by three different diagrams: subsystem diagram, policy structure diagram and causal loop diagram. The investigation reviews innovation process of Finnish professionals (staffs, nurses and doctors) in the frame of a systematic-qualitative analysis. The relationships and consequences of decisions and policies are discussed with a new way of thinking in the health-care sector studies. Originality/value - The implemented systematic-qualitative research in this article is an innovative approach in the innovation studies of the health-care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to compare the most important factors for project success based on ideas and conceptions of engineers and managers working on projects. This research is based on an online survey from individuals working on construction and EPC projects in Finland. The results indicate that planning and communication are the major project success factors while budgeting appears to gain the lowest attention among all. Also it seems, there are some differences of ideas based on participants' working sector and job experience. This research helps project organizations to distinguish leading factors for project success and consider their importance to take relevant actions. Accordingly it helps individuals to gain a better understanding on other stakeholders' ideas about important factors in projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy resources have historically played an important role for heat/electricity generation in Finland. Although diffusion costs of renewable energy utilization are higher than fossil fuels and nuclear power plants, other policy aspects and operation costs of renewables cover this gap particularly in high dependent countries to fossil fuels. The current paper discusses the role of renewable portfolio in the Finland's energy action plan during 2011-2020. A system dynamics model is constructed to evaluate different costs of renewable energy utilization by 2020. Results show that total costs of new capacities of renewable energy systems as well as operation and maintenance costs of current systems bring 7% saving compared to total costs of new natural gas power plants (as a sample for second scenario) in Finland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finland was an early adopter of several alternative energy technologies, particularly in biomass and hydropower energy for many years. The main policy in the Finnish energy and climate sectors is to increase the exploitation of renewable energy sources while reducing CO2emissions. Meanwhile, a successful energy policy should achieve three conflicting objectives: clean, cheap, and secure energy. The development of renewables in Finland has lagged that of other EU countries, particularly in fields such as wind power in recent years. This article discusses about the history, current status, and potentials of the major renewable and local energy in order of utilisation in Finland. It is seen that the major contributors to replacing carbon-based fuels are likely to be biomass and wind power, with geothermal and solar energy sources to play a lesser role. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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The majority of studies in the field of organizational strategies have concentrated on strategy formulation, distinct from strategy implementation. Disunion of these two processes often leads to disappointing results in the implementation of strategy. In such a condition, the creation of a suitable strategy in a way that could resolve the divergence of formulation from implementation is suggested by researchers. This means that the implementers of a strategy turn into the formulators. Therefore, presenting creative ideas and solutions is encouraged between related organizational staff at different levels. Noting that the possibility of emerging creative ideas in organizational meetings between persons from different organizational levels is low, fostering creativity and innovation techniques can be an ideal solution for successful group meetings. In this paper, after introducing the effective criteria that should be considered in the creation of collective action strategies in organizations, the suitable techniques for fostering creativity in this kind of meeting will be ranked based on the Fuzzy MADM approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Construction is a very complex process. It involves a multidisciplinary approach. There has been concern that construction projects are running behind schedule and many have failed resulting in a loss of money. It is important for construction industries to have a proper management structure that can co-ordinate the various sections of the project. The authors have been asked by the industry to identify the causes of the problems. Four renovation projects were chosen for our studies. There were successes and failures with these four projects. Data gathered consist of observations and interviews carried out with the four participants of these projects. The collected data were analysed to identify problems. In this paper, we describe our findings and point out the reasons why projects failed and what we believe could help to resolve some of the problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Service innovation is important in today's world economy. It is the current focus of many businesses. The reason is that services today represent 80% of most developed countries' GDP and a growing percentage of the developing countries' GDP. Organisations today can no longer compete solely on providing superior service on their core products, instead, they must move into customer relationship management through the co-evolution of memorable experiences with their customers. This means providing better services for their customers. SMEs are a breeding ground for service innovation. Currently there is very little literature existing concerning the role of SMEs in service innovation. This paper aims to shed some light on identifying the drivers for the application of service innovation for SMEs using a case study from Finland. The case study shows the processes that are important for an SME in service innovation. Central to this is the importance of co-creation of value between provider and customers based on the service dominant logic of marketing. In the paper, emphasis is put on the importance of sustaining relationship with customers by constantly focusing on the quality of customer interactive experiences with the provider to maintain the co-creation of value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trends such as aging populations, excess costs, rising public expectations, and progress in medical science and technologies point out the necessity of adaptation and development of innovation in the healthcare systems particularly in developed countries. The main objective of this article is to review diffusion of innovation in the healthcare sector. Different types of innovation, diffusion characteristics, and adoption mechanisms are the subjects that are discussed in the selected case study, Finland. Finally, the key items of innovation management in the Finnish health system are introduced. The results can be implemented in other countries as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]