20 results on '"NICOLODI C"'
Search Results
2. Pollen-mediated transgene flow in lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.).
- Author
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Giannino, D., Nicolodi, C., Testone, G., Di Giacomo, E., Iannelli, M. A., Frugis, G., and Mariotti, D.
- Subjects
- *
POLLEN , *TRANSGENES , *LETTUCE , *ARABIDOPSIS , *CULTIVARS , *GENOTYPE-environment interaction , *PLANT breeding research - Abstract
Transgene escape risks are evaluated by assessing the frequency of transgenic hybrids within populations sexually compatible with those genetically modified. We examined the pollen-mediated transgene flow among lettuce varieties in Italy. Transgenic ‘Luxor’ lines harboured the arabidopsis KNAT1 gene, which caused leaf trait alterations, and the bacterial NPTII gene for resistance to kanamycin. Donor homozygous lines ( KNAT1:NPTII/ KNAT1:NPTII) were used in two trials: in glasshouse, ‘Luxor’ transgenic and conventional plants were spaced at 15 cm; in field, a transgenic ‘Luxor’ donor island was set up and surrounded by 10 pollen receiver varieties sited at 0.5, 11 and 22 m. Progenies of recipient cultivars were screened by kanamycin assays, leaf alterations, transgene transcription and integrity. The out-crossing rate (OCR) was calculated as the frequency of KNAT1:NPTII/− and δ KNAT1:NPTII/− genotypes because KNAT1 impair (indicated with δ) was observed to vary from the 0.03% to 0.36%. Indoor, ‘Luxor’ intra-varietal OCR was 0.41 ± 0.11%; outdoor, the average inter-varietal OCR was 0.49%, 0.071% and 0.035% for plants at 0.5, 11 and 22 m, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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3. The peach homeobox gene KNOPE1 plays a role in secondary growth
- Author
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Testone, G., Nicolodi, C., Condello, E., Mele, G., Iafrate, S., and Giannino, D.
- Published
- 2010
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4. Headspace solid-phase microextraction - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry qualitative screening method for active compounds, adulterants and impurities in ecstasy tablets seized in Northern Santa Catarina State, Brazil.
- Author
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Nicolodi C, Slominski WH, Parabocz GC, Pericolo S, Da-Col JA, and Martendal E
- Abstract
The present work describes the development of a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the qualitative analysis of compounds in seized ecstasy tablets that can be easily implemented in regular laboratories. HS-SPME with a DVB/CAR/PDMS 50/30 µm fiber was used to extract the ecstasy pills' components, including major and minor ones, in a single extraction/chromatographic run. For HS-SPME, the incubation time (0 min to 30 min), the extraction time (10 min to 40 min) and temperature (40 °C to 80 ºC), the buffer volume (3 mL to 8 mL), the buffer pH (6 to 9) and the NaCl concentration (0 mol/L to 6 mol/L) were evaluated using fractional factorial design. Different split ratios and detector voltages were also evaluated. The optimal compromise between sensitivity and peak resolution was found to be incubation and extraction at 65 ºC for 10 min and 25 min, respectively, 3 mL of pH 9 buffer containing 3 mol/L NaCl, using 40.0 mg of the powdered samples in a 15-mL amber glass vial, and an injection with a split ratio of 1:10 at 260 ºC for 10 min. Under optimal conditions, 44 samples from different seizures were analyzed. Seventy-five compounds were tentatively identified by the proposed method, including active substances, medicines, caffeine, safrole derivatives, synthesis intermediates and solvent residues. The number of tentatively identified compounds per sample varied from 8 to 24, with a mean of 15. Important findings in ecstasy samples, such as norcinamolaurin, α-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-propanamide, α-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylpropionitrile, acetylsalicylic acid, piperonylonitrile, methyl isobutyl ketone, mesitylene, and 4-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]- 2,6-dimethylphenol, identified with a frequency higher than 10%, are not found in the literature so far. The method precision, based on relative standard deviation of peak areas, ranged from 5% to 15%, depending on the compound. The method was shown to be simple, relatively fast, precise and a powerful tool for the identification of major and minor components in ecstasy tablets in a single analytical cycle, being useful for screening or quantitative purposes, if authentic standards are available., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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5. A Novel Role of Medicago truncatula KNAT3/4/5-like Class 2 KNOX Transcription Factors in Drought Stress Tolerance.
- Author
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Iannelli MA, Nicolodi C, Coraggio I, Fabriani M, Baldoni E, and Frugis G
- Subjects
- Droughts, Transcription Factors genetics, Drought Resistance, Proline, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Medicago truncatula genetics, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins
- Abstract
Class 2 KNOX homeobox transcription factors (KNOX2) play a role in promoting cell differentiation in several plant developmental processes. In Arabidopsis , they antagonize the meristematic KNOX1 function during leaf development through the modulation of phytohormones. In Medicago truncatula , three KNOX2 genes belonging to the KNAT3/4/5-like subclass ( Mt KNAT3/4/5-like or MtKNOX3-like ) redundantly works upstream of a cytokinin-signaling module to control the symbiotic root nodule formation. Their possible role in the response to abiotic stress is as-of-yet unknown. We produced transgenic M. truncatula lines, in which the expression of four MtKNOX3-like genes was knocked down by RNA interference. When tested for response to water withdrawal in the soil, RNAi lines displayed a lower tolerance to drought conditions compared to the control lines, measured as increased leaf water loss, accelerated leaf wilting time, and faster chlorophyll loss. Reanalysis of a transcriptomic M. truncatula drought stress experiment via cluster analysis and gene co-expression networks pointed to a possible role of MtKNOX3-like transcription factors in repressing a proline dehydrogenase gene ( MtPDH ), specifically at 4 days after water withdrawal. Proline measurement and gene expression analysis of transgenic RNAi plants compared to the controls confirmed the role of KNOX3-like genes in inhibiting proline degradation through the regulation of the MtPDH gene.
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- 2023
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6. Leaf nutrient content and transcriptomic analyses of endive (Cichorium endivia) stressed by downpour-induced waterlog reveal a gene network regulating kestose and inulin contents.
- Author
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Testone G, Sobolev AP, Mele G, Nicolodi C, Gonnella M, Arnesi G, Biancari T, and Giannino D
- Abstract
Endive (Cichorium endivia L.), a vegetable consumed as fresh or packaged salads, is mostly cultivated outdoors and known to be sensitive to waterlogging in terms of yield and quality. Phenotypic, metabolic and transcriptomic analyses were used to study variations in curly- ('Domari', 'Myrna') and smooth-leafed ('Flester', 'Confiance') cultivars grown in short-term waterlog due to rainfall excess before harvest. After recording loss of head weights in all cultivars (6-35%), which was minimal in 'Flester', NMR untargeted profiling revealed variations as influenced by genotype, environment and interactions, and included drop of total carbohydrates (6-50%) and polyols (3-37%), gain of organic acids (2-30%) and phenylpropanoids (98-560%), and cultivar-specific fluctuations of amino acids (-37 to +15%). The analysis of differentially expressed genes showed GO term enrichment consistent with waterlog stress and included the carbohydrate metabolic process. The loss of sucrose, kestose and inulin recurred in all cultivars and the sucrose-inulin route was investigated by covering over 50 genes of sucrose branch and key inulin synthesis (fructosyltransferases) and catabolism (fructan exohydrolases) genes. The lowered expression of a sucrose gene subset together with that of SUCROSE:SUCROSE-1-FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE (1-SST) may have accounted for sucrose and kestose contents drop in the leaves of waterlogged plants. Two anti-correlated modules harbouring candidate hub-genes, including 1-SST, were identified by weighted gene correlation network analysis, and proposed to control positively and negatively kestose levels. In silico analysis further pointed at transcription factors of GATA, DOF, WRKY types as putative regulators of 1-SST.
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- 2021
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7. Transcription Factor Networks in Leaves of Cichorium endivia: New Insights into the Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Leaf Development.
- Author
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Testone G, Baldoni E, Iannelli MA, Nicolodi C, Di Giacomo E, Pietrini F, Mele G, Giannino D, and Frugis G
- Abstract
Cichorium endivia is a leafy crop closely related to Lactuca sativa that comprises two major botanical varieties characterized by a high degree of intraspecific morphological variation: var. latifolium with broad leaves (escarole) and var. crispum with narrow crisp curly leaves (endive). To investigate the relationship between leaf morphology and photosynthetic activity, escaroles and endives were used as a crop model due to the striking morphological diversity of their leaves. We constructed a leaf database for transcription factors (TFs) and photosynthesis-related genes from a refined C. endivia transcriptome and used RNA-seq transcriptomic data from leaves of four commercial endive and escarole cultivars to explore transcription factor regulatory networks. Cluster and gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses identified two main anticorrelated modules that control photosynthesis. Analysis of the GCN network topological properties identified known and novel hub genes controlling photosynthesis, and candidate developmental genes at the boundaries between shape and function. Differential expression analysis between broad and curly leaves suggested three novel TFs putatively involved in leaf shape diversity. Physiological analysis of the photosynthesis properties and gene expression studies on broad and curly leaves provided new insights into the relationship between leaf shape and function., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2019
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8. Safety and immunogenicity of a replication-deficient H5N1 influenza virus vaccine lacking NS1.
- Author
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Nicolodi C, Groiss F, Kiselev O, Wolschek M, Seipelt J, and Muster T
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- Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin A immunology, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza Vaccines genetics, Male, Middle Aged, Vaccination methods, Vaccines, Attenuated genetics, Vaccines, Attenuated immunology, Young Adult, Antibody Formation immunology, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype immunology, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza, Human immunology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Viral Nonstructural Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Background: Traditional inactivated influenza vaccines are the type of vaccines that were most frequently developed for immunization against the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus. However, clinical trials with inactivated influenza vaccines for H5N1 indicated that high doses and at least two immunizations are required for an effective immune response (Nicholson et al., 2001; Treanor, Campbell et al., 2006; Treanor, Schiff et al., 2006; Ehrlich et al., 2008). We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated H5N1 vaccine (delNS1-H5N1) lacking the interferon antagonist nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)., Methods: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study in healthy adult participants who were randomly assigned at a 2:1 ratio to receive two immunizations of delNS1-H5N1 vaccine at 6.8 log10 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID
50 )/subject or 7.5 log10 TCID50 /subject, or placebo., Results: Intranasal vaccination with the live attenuated delNS1-H5N1 vaccine was safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse events identified were symptoms associated with mild influenza infections, such as increased body temperature (>37.0 °C), pharyngeal erythema, rhinitis and throat irritation, and were reported within 7 days after the first immunization. delNS1-H5N1 was able to induce significant vaccine-specific serum antibody titers even at the lower dose level of 6.8 log10 TCID50 /subject. Seroconversion occurred in 75% of study participants after only one immunization with 7.5 log10 TCID50 /subject. Vaccine-specific local IgA responses were observed in 41.7% of individuals that showed serum antibody responses after 2nd immunization., Conclusions: We show that vaccination with a live attenuated H5N1 influenza vaccine lacking NS1 is safe and induces significant levels of vaccine-specific antibodies even after one immunization. The safety and immunogenicity data indicate that delNS1-H5N1 has the potential to fulfil the unmet need for an effective influenza vaccine in pandemic situations. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03745274)., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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9. Plant Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology: Following Mariotti's Steps.
- Author
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Paolis A, Frugis G, Giannino D, Iannelli MA, Mele G, Rugini E, Silvestri C, Sparvoli F, Testone G, Mauro ML, Nicolodi C, and Caretto S
- Abstract
This review is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Domenico Mariotti, who significantly contributed to establishing the Italian research community in Agricultural Genetics and carried out the first experiments of Agrobacterium -mediated plant genetic transformation and regeneration in Italy during the 1980s. Following his scientific interests as guiding principles, this review summarizes the recent advances obtained in plant biotechnology and fundamental research aiming to: (i) Exploit in vitro plant cell and tissue cultures to induce genetic variability and to produce useful metabolites; (ii) gain new insights into the biochemical function of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes and their application to metabolite production, fruit tree transformation, and reverse genetics; (iii) improve genetic transformation in legume species, most of them recalcitrant to regeneration; (iv) untangle the potential of KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors in plant morphogenesis as key regulators of hormonal homeostasis; and (v) elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the transition from juvenility to the adult phase in Prunus tree species.
- Published
- 2019
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10. Transcriptome driven characterization of curly- and smooth-leafed endives reveals molecular differences in the sesquiterpenoid pathway.
- Author
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Testone G, Mele G, di Giacomo E, Tenore GC, Gonnella M, Nicolodi C, Frugis G, Iannelli MA, Arnesi G, Schiappa A, Biancari T, and Giannino D
- Abstract
Endives ( Cichorium endivia L.) are popular vegetables, diversified into curly/frisée- and smooth/broad-leafed (escaroles) cultivar types (cultigroups), and consumed as fresh and bagged salads. They are rich in sesquiterpene lactones (STL) that exert proven function on bitter taste and human health. The assembly of a reference transcriptome of 77,022 unigenes and RNA-sequencing experiments were carried out to characterize the differences between endives and escaroles at the gene structural and expression levels. A set of 3177 SNPs distinguished smooth from curly cultivars, and an SNP-supported phylogenetic tree separated the cultigroups into two distinct clades, consistently with the botanical varieties of origin ( crispum and latifolium , respectively). A pool of 699 genes maintained differential expression pattern (core-DEGs) in pairwise comparisons between curly vs smooth cultivars grown in the same environment. Accurate annotation allowed the identification of 26 genes in the sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis pathway, which included several g ermacrene A s ynthase , g ermacrene A o xidase and co stunolide s ynthase members ( GAS / GAO / COS module), required for the synthesis of costunolide, a key precursor of lactucopicrin- and lactucin-like sesquiterpene lactones. The core-DEGs contained a GAS gene (contig83192) that was positively correlated with STL levels and recurrently more expressed in curly than smooth endives, suggesting a cultigroup-specific behavior. The significant positive correlation of GAS / GAO / COS transcription and STL abundance (2.4-fold higher in frisée endives) suggested that sesquiterpenoid pathway control occurs at the transcriptional level. Based on correlation analyses, five transcription factors (MYB, MYB-related and WRKY) were inferred to act on contig83192/ GAS and specific STL, suggesting the occurrence of two distinct routes in STL biosynthesis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2019
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11. Corrigendum: Insights into the Sesquiterpenoid Pathway by Metabolic Profiling and De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Stem-Chicory ( Cichorium intybus Cultigroup "Catalogna").
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Testone G, Mele G, Di Giacomo E, Gonnella M, Renna M, Tenore GC, Nicolodi C, Frugis G, Iannelli MA, Arnesi G, Schiappa A, and Giannino D
- Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 1676 in vol. 7, PMID: 27877190.].
- Published
- 2017
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12. Influence of cultivation sites on sterol, nitrate, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in endive and stem chicory edible products.
- Author
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D'Acunzo F, Giannino D, Longo V, Ciardi M, Testone G, Mele G, Nicolodi C, Gonnella M, Renna M, Arnesi G, Schiappa A, and Ursini O
- Subjects
- Antioxidants chemistry, Antioxidants metabolism, Asteraceae growth & development, Asteraceae metabolism, Cichorium intybus growth & development, Cichorium intybus metabolism, Crop Production, Crops, Agricultural growth & development, Crops, Agricultural metabolism, Food Contamination, Functional Food analysis, Humans, Italy, Nitrates analysis, Nitrates chemistry, Nitrates metabolism, Nutritive Value, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, Phenols analysis, Phenols chemistry, Phenols metabolism, Phytosterols biosynthesis, Phytosterols chemistry, Plant Leaves growth & development, Plant Leaves metabolism, Plant Stems growth & development, Plant Stems metabolism, Principal Component Analysis, Sitosterols analysis, Sitosterols chemistry, Sitosterols metabolism, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Species Specificity, Stigmasterol analogs & derivatives, Stigmasterol analysis, Stigmasterol chemistry, Stigmasterol metabolism, Antioxidants analysis, Asteraceae chemistry, Cichorium intybus chemistry, Crops, Agricultural chemistry, Phytosterols analysis, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plant Stems chemistry
- Abstract
Chicories produce a wide range of vegetables with important nutritional value. We determined the variation of sterol, total polyphenol, nitrate contents and antioxidant capacity (SC, TPC, NC, AC) in endive leaves and stem-chicory novel vegetables, cultivated in two Italian regions. Within a given area, the SC was similar in smooth- and curly leafed endives (106.3-176.0 mg/kg FW); sitosterol and stigmasterol were major fractions (45-56 versus 38-43%). The stem SC was independent of landrace (101.5-118.6 mg/kg FW); sitosterol prevailed on stigmasterol and fucosterol (73-76 versus 12-14% versus 8-9%); the latter reached 15.7 mg/kg FW, conferring value as potential antidiabetes food. The planting site affected the AC and TPC of endives (893.1-1571.4 μmTE/100 g FW, 30.8-76.1 GAE100/g FW) and chicory stems (729.8-1152.5 μmTE/100 g FW; 56.2-124.4 GAE100/g FW), while the NC was recurrently below dangerous thresholds. PCA showed that environment was the major cause of variation, though it modestly affected these parameters.
- Published
- 2017
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13. Insights into the Sesquiterpenoid Pathway by Metabolic Profiling and De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Stem-Chicory ( Cichorium intybus Cultigroup "Catalogna").
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Testone G, Mele G, Di Giacomo E, Gonnella M, Renna M, Tenore GC, Nicolodi C, Frugis G, Iannelli MA, Arnesi G, Schiappa A, and Giannino D
- Abstract
Stem-chicory of the "Catalogna" group is a vegetable consumed for bitter-flavored stems. Type and levels of bitter sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) participate in conferring bitterness in vegetables. The content of lactucin-and lactucopocrin-like STLs was higher in "Molfettese" than "Galatina" landrace stalks, regardless of the cultivation sites, consistently with bitterness scores and gustative differences. The "Galatina" transcriptome assembly resulted in 58,872 unigenes, 77% of which were annotated, paving the way to molecular investigation of the STL pathway. Comparative transcriptome analysis allowed the identification of 69,352 SNPs and of 1640 differentially expressed genes that maintained the pattern independently of the site. Enrichment analyses revealed that 4 out of 29 unigenes were up-regulated in "Molfettese" vs "Galatina" within the sesquiterpenoid pathway. The expression of two germacrene A - synthase ( GAS ) and one - oxidase ( GAO ) genes of the costunolide branch correlated positively with the contents of lactucin-like molecules, supporting that STL biosynthesis regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Finally, 46 genes encoding transcription factors ( TFs ) maintained a differential expression pattern between the two varieties regardless of the growth site; correlation analyses among TFs, GAS, GAO gene expressions and STLs contents suggest that one MYB and one bHLH may act in the pathway.
- Published
- 2016
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14. The KNOTTED-like genes of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) are differentially expressed during drupe growth and the class 1 KNOPE1 contributes to mesocarp development.
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Testone G, Condello E, Di Giacomo E, Nicolodi C, Caboni E, Rasori A, Bonghi C, Bruno L, Bitonti MB, and Giannino D
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- Fruit cytology, Fruit growth & development, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gibberellins metabolism, Homeodomain Proteins metabolism, Homeostasis, Phloem cytology, Phloem genetics, Phloem growth & development, Plant Growth Regulators metabolism, Plant Proteins metabolism, Prunus persica cytology, Prunus persica growth & development, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Fruit genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins genetics, Prunus persica genetics
- Abstract
The Knotted-like transcription factors (KNOX) contribute to plant organ development. The expression patterns of peach KNOX genes showed that the class 1 members act precociously (S1-S2 stages) and differentially during drupe growth. Specifically, the transcription of KNOPE1 and 6 decreased from early (cell division) to late (cell expansion) S1 sub-stages, whilst that of STMlike1, 2, KNOPE2, 2.1 ceased at early S1. The KNOPE1 role in mesocarp was further addressed by studying the mRNA localization in the pulp cells and vascular net at early and late S1. The message signal was first diffuse in parenchymatous cells and then confined to hypodermal cell layers, showing that the gene down-tuning accompanied cell expansion. As for bundles, the mRNA mainly featured in the procambium/phloem of collateral open types and subsequently in the phloem side of complex structures (converging bundles, ducts). The KNOPE1 overexpression in Arabidopsis caused fruit shortening, decrease of mesocarp cell size, diminution of vascular lignification together with the repression of the major gibberellin synthesis genes AtGA20ox1 and AtGA3ox1. Negative correlation between the expression of KNOPE1 and PpGA3ox1 was observed in four cultivars at S1, suggesting that the KNOPE1 repression of PpGA3ox1 may regulate mesocarp differentiation by acting on gibberellin homeostasis., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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15. The peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) genome harbours 10 KNOX genes, which are differentially expressed in stem development, and the class 1 KNOPE1 regulates elongation and lignification during primary growth.
- Author
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Testone G, Condello E, Verde I, Nicolodi C, Caboni E, Dettori MT, Vendramin E, Bruno L, Bitonti MB, Mele G, and Giannino D
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis growth & development, Arabidopsis metabolism, Binding Sites, Chromosome Mapping, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins isolation & purification, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression, Genome, Plant genetics, Lignin genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Nucleotide Motifs, Organ Specificity, Phenotype, Plant Proteins isolation & purification, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plant Shoots cytology, Plant Shoots genetics, Plant Shoots growth & development, Plant Shoots metabolism, Plant Stems cytology, Plant Stems growth & development, Plant Stems metabolism, Prunus cytology, Prunus growth & development, Prunus metabolism, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Plant genetics, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors isolation & purification, Transcription Factors metabolism, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant genetics, Lignin metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Stems genetics, Prunus genetics
- Abstract
The KNOTTED-like (KNOX) genes encode homeodomain transcription factors and regulate several processes of plant organ development. The peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) genome was found to contain 10 KNOX members (KNOPE genes); six of them were experimentally located on the Prunus reference map and the class 1 KNOPE1 was found to link to a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the internode length in the peach×Ferganensis population. All the KNOPE genes were differentially transcribed in the internodes of growing shoots; the KNOPE1 mRNA abundance decreased progressively from primary (elongation) to secondary growth (radial expansion). During primary growth, the KNOPE1 mRNA was localized in the cortex and in the procambium/metaphloem zones, whereas it was undetected in incipient phloem and xylem fibres. KNOPE1 overexpression in the Arabidopsis bp4 loss-of-function background (35S:KNOPE1/bp genotype) restored the rachis length, suggesting, together with the QTL association, a role for KNOPE1 in peach shoot elongation. Several lignin biosynthesis genes were up-regulated in the bp4 internodes but repressed in the 35S:KNOPE1/bp lines similarly to the wild type. Moreover, the lignin deposition pattern of the 35S:KNOPE1/bp and the wild-type internodes were the same. The KNOPE1 protein was found to recognize in vitro one of the typical KNOX DNA-binding sites that recurred in peach and Arabidopsis lignin genes. KNOPE1 expression was inversely correlated with that of lignin genes and lignin deposition along the peach shoot stems and was down-regulated in lignifying vascular tissues. These data strongly support that KNOPE1 prevents cell lignification by repressing lignin genes during peach stem primary growth.
- Published
- 2012
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16. Quality traits of conventional and transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) at harvesting by NMR metabolic profiling.
- Author
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Sobolev AP, Testone G, Santoro F, Nicolodi C, Iannelli MA, Amato ME, Ianniello A, Brosio E, Giannino D, and Mannina L
- Subjects
- Amino Acids analysis, Amino Acids metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Lactuca genetics, Lactuca growth & development, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plant Leaves genetics, Plant Leaves growth & development, Plant Leaves metabolism, Plant Proteins analysis, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plants, Genetically Modified genetics, Plants, Genetically Modified growth & development, Lactuca chemistry, Lactuca metabolism, Metabolome, Plants, Genetically Modified chemistry, Plants, Genetically Modified metabolism
- Abstract
Metabolism of genetically modified (GM) lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) leaves was investigated by comparing NMR metabolic profiles of three lines (T(3)B12, T(7)B7, and T(7)B14) overexpressing the E. coli asparagine synthetase A gene with those of the wild type (WT) at 24, 56, and 64 days after sowing (DAS). Statistical analyses based on hydro-soluble compound profiles significantly and maximally discriminated the WT from GM-lines at optimal harvest time (56 DAS). The T(7)B14 metabolic variations were opposite to those of both T(3)B12/T(7)B7 lines, suggesting that unexpected effects of transgenesis had occurred. Compared to controls, the T(3)B12/T(7)B7 plants shared the leaf mass increase, higher amino acid (asparagine, glutamine, valine, and isoleucine) and protein levels, and lower nitrate contents, accompanied by a modest sink of organic acids (alpha-chetoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate), sucrose, fructose, and inulins. Incongruously, the T(7)B14 butter heads were less leafy than the controls and showed lowered amino acid/protein contents and overstored inulin. To further investigate the metabolic discrepancies among the GM-lines, a set of key nitrogen and inulin genes was monitored. The T(3)B12/T(7)B7 lines shared comparable gene expression changes, including the induction of the endogenous asparagine synthetase1 and nitrate reductase1 that supported the targeted enhancement of nitrogen status. Transgene product malfunctioning and T-DNA rearrangements throughout generations were proposed to explain the decreased asparagine content and the complex expression pattern of N genes in T(7)B14 leaves. In the latter, the inulin accumulation was associated with the upregulation of fructan biosynthesis genes and the intense repression of fructan hydrolases.
- Published
- 2010
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17. NMR-metabolic methodology in the study of GM foods.
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Sobolev AP, Capitani D, Giannino D, Nicolodi C, Testone G, Santoro F, Frugis G, Iannelli MA, Mattoo AK, Brosio E, Gianferri R, D'Amico I, and Mannina L
- Subjects
- Amino Acids metabolism, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Carboxylic Acids metabolism, Homeodomain Proteins metabolism, Humans, Lactuca genetics, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Plant Leaves genetics, Plants, Genetically Modified genetics, Lactuca chemistry, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plants, Genetically Modified chemistry
- Abstract
The 1H-NMR methodology used in the study of genetically modified (GM) foods is discussed. Transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv "Luxor") over-expressing the ArabidopsisKNAT1 gene is presented as a case study. Twenty-two water-soluble metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, sugars) present in leaves of conventional and GM lettuce were monitored by NMR and quantified at two developmental stages. The NMR spectra did not reveal any difference in metabolite composition between the GM lettuce and the wild type counterpart. Statistical analyses of metabolite variables highlighted metabolism variation as a function of leaf development as well as the transgene. A main effect of the transgene was in altering sugar metabolism.
- Published
- 2010
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18. Strong increase of foliar inulin occurs in transgenic lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) overexpressing the Asparagine Synthetase A gene from Escherichia coli.
- Author
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Sobolev AP, Segre AL, Giannino D, Mariotti D, Nicolodi C, Brosio E, and Amato ME
- Subjects
- Escherichia coli genetics, Lactuca chemistry, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase genetics, Escherichia coli enzymology, Inulin analysis, Lactuca genetics, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plants, Genetically Modified enzymology
- Abstract
Transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. 'Cortina') lines expressing the asparagine synthetase A gene from Escherichia coli were produced to alter the plant nitrogen status and eventually enhance growth. The relative molecular abundance of water-soluble metabolites was measured by 1H NMR in transgenic and conventional plants at early developmental stages and grown under the same conditions. NMR metabolic profiles assessed that a transgenic line and the wild-type counterpart shared the same compounds, but it also revealed side effects on the carbon metabolism following genetic modification. Concerning the nitrogen status, the amino acid content did not vary significantly, except for glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, which diminished in the transgenics. As for the carbon metabolism, in transgenic leaves the contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose decreased, whereas that of inulin increased up to 30 times, accompanied by the alteration of most Krebs's cycle organic acids and the rise of tartaric acid compared to nontransformed controls. Lettuce leaf inulins consisted of short oligomeric chains made of one glucose unit bound to two/four fructose units. Inulins are beneficial for human health, and they are extracted from plants and commercialized as long-chain types, whereas the short forms are synthesized chemically. Hence, lettuce genotypes with high content of foliar short-chain inulin represent useful materials for breeding strategies and a potential source for low molecular weight inulin.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Overexpression of KNAT1 in lettuce shifts leaf determinate growth to a shoot-like indeterminate growth associated with an accumulation of isopentenyl-type cytokinins.
- Author
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Frugis G, Giannino D, Mele G, Nicolodi C, Chiappetta A, Bitonti MB, Innocenti AM, Dewitte W, Van Onckelen H, and Mariotti D
- Subjects
- Cytokinins genetics, Cytokinins isolation & purification, Genes, Homeobox, Homeodomain Proteins biosynthesis, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Immunohistochemistry, Lactuca cytology, Lactuca genetics, Lactuca growth & development, Morphogenesis, Phenotype, Plant Leaves cytology, Plant Leaves genetics, Plant Leaves growth & development, Plant Proteins biosynthesis, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Stems genetics, Plant Stems growth & development, Plants, Genetically Modified, Plastocyanin, Arabidopsis Proteins, Cytokinins metabolism, Homeodomain Proteins physiology, Lactuca physiology, Plant Proteins physiology
- Abstract
Leaves are specialized organs characterized by defined developmental destiny and determinate growth. The overexpression of Knotted1-like homeobox genes in different species has been shown to alter leaf shape and development, but a definite role for this class of genes remains to be established. Transgenics that overexpress Knotted1-like genes present some traits that are characteristic of altered cytokinin physiology. Here we show that lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves that overexpress KNAT1, an Arabidopsis kn1-like gene, acquire characteristics of indeterminate growth typical of the shoot and that this cell fate change is associated with the accumulation of specific types of cytokinins. The possibility that the phenotypic effects of KNAT1 overexpression may arise primarily from the modulation of local ratios of different cytokinins is discussed.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Are homeobox knotted-like genes and cytokinins the leaf architects?
- Author
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Frugis G, Giannino D, Mele G, Nicolodi C, Innocenti AM, Chiappetta A, Bitonti MB, Dewitte W, Van Onckelen H, and Mariotti D
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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