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Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the problem of legal status of foreigners and nationals under the conditions of migration and change of status of some territories in Russia and Germany. The author analyzes the features of securing citizenship in two countries - Russia and Germany, where throughout the XIX century national and territorial structure underwent changes and migration was an immanent feature of society.

This article provides an overview of trends in fertility of foreign and national women in Greece, Spain, and Italy during the last decade and before the Covid pandemic. It focuses on the fertility of foreigners and compares this with that of ‘nationals’. The main analysis focuses on a period marked, firstly, by the economic recession and stagnation, and then by the recent wave of the ‘refugee crisis’. Foreigner fertility in the three south Mediterranean countries differs significantly from that of nationals, with the former having higher fertility rates and lower mean age at childbearing. However, although foreigners make a large contribution to births, their impact on period fertility (total fertility rate or TFR) is limited. At the same time, although the fertility of both groups decreased during the first years of the recession, foreigner TFRs fell faster in both absolute and relative terms in Italy and Greece. However, after 2014, the foreigner period fertility among the three countries differs as a relative stabilisation is observed in Spain and Italy, while indicators rise in Greece. This divergence is due to the various composition changes in the settled after-2014 foreigners in the three countries and the strong recovery of foreigner births in Greece (as fertility in Greece was much more affected by the recession). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to one of the most vivid episodes of the Spanish civil war, the defense of Madrid in the autumn of 1936. The author tells about the participation in the war of members of International brigades, Soviet military specialists, shares his own memories of the opening of the monument to Soviet volunteers in the suburbs of Madrid in 1989. The article assesses the role in the defense of the Spanish capital and in subsequent events of some prominent figures of the Republican political and military leadership, in particular Prime Minister Largo Caballero, General Miaja and Lieutenant Colonel, and later General Vicente Rojo.

Copyright of International Economics / Economia Internazionale is the property of Camera di Commercio di Genova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the presented material, a change in the situation of entrepreneurs from Austria- Hungary operating in the Russian Empire after the outbreak of the First World War is considered. They came under the influence of restrictive and liquidation measures directed against subjects of the opposing countries. As a result, part of the Austro-Hungarian enterprises in Russia was liquidated, the other reorganized with the exception of foreign owners. Only entrepreneurs of Slavic origin were able to maintain their position. They were forced to reorganize their activities to adapt to the conditions of the war. The process of liquidation of foreign entrepreneurship, which began in the war years, was subsequently brought to its logical conclusion by the Bolshevik government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extradition as an act of international cooperation for the repression of criminal activities of the criminal offenders is one of the various models whereby one sovereign state delivers up the alleged accused criminals found within its jurisdiction, on demand, to another sovereign state, so that they might be dealt with according to the penal laws. Extradition has evolved among states because they are vitally interested in the repression of crimes and punishment of criminals who violate their national laws and thus disturb the general peace of the society. This article aims to describe the problems with which extradition is faced, especially with the obligation to extradite and with the obligation to take care of her own citizens in situations when the Constitution does not allow extradition of own nationals and in the absence of an extradition treaty.

Extradition as an act of international cooperation for the repression of criminal activities of the criminal offenders is one of the various models whereby one sovereign state delivers up the alleged accused criminals found within its jurisdiction, on demand, to another sovereign state, so that they might be dealt with according to the penal laws. Extradition has evolved among states because they are vitally interested in the repression of crimes and punishment of criminals who violate their national laws and thus disturb the general peace of the society. This article aims to describe the problems with which extradition is faced, especially with the obligation to extradite and with the obligation to take care of her own citizens in situations when the Constitution does not allow exbadition of own nationals and in the absence of an extradition treaty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical study tests the relations between employee turnover and the organizational dimensions of service climate, comparing nationals and foreign nationals in the international brand Russian hotel industry. This study extends the geographic scope of employee turnover to the undertested Russian context. Responses were analyzed using a partial least squares model. Results show that nationals’ and foreign nationals’ responses to model variables diverge. Job insecurity directly affects the turnover intentions of Russian nationals, while its effect for foreign nationals was indirect through organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Compounded indirect effects of turnover antecedents and service climate dimensions are also examined and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to place the issue of so-called expatriate laws in the context of minority legislation. It points out that while the common minority legislation stems from the principles of anti-discrimination, the expatriate legislation is based on the principle of positive discrimination and on the equalization of chances. Morover, the article deals with the relation between expatriate isuue and the question of repatriation and state citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer incidence is increasing in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates., Aims: This study analysed geographical patterns, time trends, and age distribution of female breast cancer incidence among nationals and non-nationals in GCC countries., Methods: Available cancer registry data for 1979-2016 were retrieved for the GCC countries. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100 000 women were calculated using the World standard population. Comparisons were made by calculating comparative incidence figures., Results: From 1998 to 2012, incidence among nationals was highest in Bahrain (ASR 61.85), Kuwait (ASR 52.66), and Qatar (ASR 56.90) and lowest in Saudi Arabia (ASR 19.76), Oman (ASR 22.33), and United Arab Emirates (ASR 31.05). In the most recent period, data were available only in Qatar (2014-2016) and Saudi Arabia (2013-2015). Non-nationals and nationals in Qatar had higher incidence rates than in Saudi Arabia. Incidence among nationals in Qatar was at least twice that in Saudi Arabia (comparative incidence figure 2.32). Incidence among non-nationals in Qatar was 3 times higher than in Saudi Arabia. Among nationals in Kuwait, 10.8% of cases of breast cancer occurred in women aged < 40 years in 2008-2012, compared with 24.2% in non-nationals in Qatar in 2014-2016., Conclusion: Breast cancer incidence has increased over time among women in most GCC countries, likely reflecting the improvements in healthcare access and screening programmes. Nationals and non-nationals developed breast cancer at a younger age than women in other high-income countries. Increased screening uptake is still required in the region. Evidence-based, locally-informed interventions should be implemented to address risk factors specific to the nationals and non-nationals in the GCC countries., (Copyright © Authors 2023; Licensee: World Health Organization. EMHJ is an open access journal. This paper is available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).)

Foreigners' or immigrants' working conditions vary from country to country according to the host country's benefits. While some countries welcome foreign work force more warmly; well, others don't. In general, the participation rates of foreigners are lower than those of nationals and foreign labour force is often concentrated in the limited sectors. This article chiefly aims at explaining foreigners' working conditions in Turkey. A foreigner, primarily has to obtain a working permission before starting to work in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examined the total and gender-specific suicide rates in the national and expatriate population in Dubai. The study also described the socio-demographic characteristics of suicide victims. Study authors found that suicide victims are commonly male, older than 30 years, expatriate and with an education of secondary school level and below.

In this article, we discuss a qualitative study carried out in a cultural contact zone. Irish nationals, immigrants, and asylum seekers in Cork, Ireland, were interviewed about their cultural identities and future trajectories. Cultural Continuity theory was used as a model to offer an insight into the processes and strategies of the Dialogical Self. The results suggest that the development of a cultural contact zone caused a break in cultural continuity which aroused uncertainty. Our analytical focus is on one of the strategies that enabled the individuals to alleviate that uncertainty. The suggestive preliminary results are that each participant, within each group, utilized their dialogical ‘I as a human being’ identity position to maintain continuity. The function of this strategy and the theoretical integration are discussed. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Existing measures are necessary, but not sufficient, to deter Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. Several States have responded to recent calls for national action to ensure that nationals subject to their jurisdiction do not support or engage in these activities. This paper discusses the issues that face Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and their member States in developing and implementing legal and administrative measures to deter nationals from involvement in IUU fishing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]