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In Turkey most farmers keep 1-2 buffaloes for family consumption and this system is very widespread in villages while farms with around 100 heads are located near to the big cities. These two most common housing systems were used to contribute to the somatic characterization of Anatolian buffalo in the context of a wide typification programme of this buffalo aimed to improve its productive and reproductive potentiality in agreement with a sustainable development. 76 males and 127 females of the Istanbul district and 32 males and 70 females raised in Danamandra vıllage of Silivri district were measured. On each buffalo, withers height, rump height, body length, chest depth and chest width were determined. The results showed a significant difference between males and females starting from 12 months in buffaloes of Danamandra village and from 3 years of age in animals of Istanbul district.

Abstract Color morphing refers to color change in response to an environmental stimulus. Photochromic materials allow color morphing in response to light, but almost all photochromic materials suffer from degradation when exposed to moist/humid environments or harsh chemical environments. One way of overcoming this challenge is by imparting chemical shielding to the color morphing materials via superomniphobicity. However, simultaneously imparting color morphing and superomniphobicity, both surface properties, requires a rational design. In this work, we systematically design color morphing surfaces with superomniphobicity through an appropriate combination of a photochromic dye, a low surface energy material, and a polymer in a suitable solvent (for one-pot synthesis), applied through spray coating (for the desired texture). We also investigate the influence of polymer polarity and material composition on color morphing kinetics and superomniphobicity. Our color morphing surfaces with effective chemical shielding can be designed with a wide variety of photochromic and thermochromic pigments and applied on a wide variety of substrates. We envision that such surfaces will have a wide range of applications including camouflage soldier fabrics/apparel for chem-bio warfare, color morphing soft robots, rewritable color patterns, optical data storage, and ophthalmic sun screening.

Simultaneous two-photon excitation of a solution mixture of [Ru(dmb)3]2+and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) using 860 nm light pulses from a Ti:Sapphire laser resulted in triplet energy transfer followed by triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA), ultimately leading to upconverted DPA fluorescence from the sensitized DPA triplets. The photochemistry sequence was confirmed by the unprecedented quartic (x4) incident light power dependence exhibited by this process, which incidentally generated a record anti-Stokes shift of 1.38 eV for sensitized TTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low power visible-to-UV photon upconversion is demonstrated for the first time, achieved from two simple organic chromophores dissolved in benzene. Selective 442 nm excitation of the triplet sensitizer 2,3-butanedione (biacetyl) in the presence of the laser dye 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) results in the observation of singlet fluorescence from the latter in the UV centered at 360 nm, anti-Stokes shifted by a record 0.64 eV with respect to the excitation. All of the experimental data are consistent with the upconverted singlet PPO fluorescence being produced as a result of biacetyl-sensitized triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) of triplet excited PPO chromophores. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis performed under pseudo-first-order conditions revealed the bimolecular rate constant of triplet−triplet energy transfer between the biacetyl sensitizer and PPO acceptor, kq= 9.0 × 108M−1s−1. The TTA process was confirmed by the quadratic dependence of the upconverted integrated PPO emission intensity measured with respect to incident 442 nm light power density. The maximum quantum yield of the upconverted emission (0.0058 ± 0.0002) was determined relative to 1,8-diphenyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene, both measured with 0.389 W/cm2incident power density. The PPO triplet−triplet annihilation rate constant (kTT) was determined from transient absorption decays monitored at the peak of its characteristic triplet-to-triplet excited-state absorption (500 nm) as a function of incident pulsed laser fluence; this process attains the diffusion limit in benzene at room temperature, kTT= 1.1 ± 0.1 × 1010M−1s−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upconverted yellow singlet fluorescence from rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnapthacene) was generated from selective excitation (ex725 nm) of the red light absorbing triplet sensitizer palladium(II) octabutoxyphthalocyanine, PdPc(OBu)8, in vacuum degassed toluene solutions using a Nd:YAG/OPO laser system in concert with gated iCCD detection. The data are consistent with upconversion proceeding from triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) of rubrene acceptor molecules. The TTA process was confirmed by the quadratic dependence of the upconverted delayed fluorescence intensity with respect to incident light, measured by integrating the corresponding kinetic traces as a function of the incident excitation power. In vacuum degassed toluene solutions, the red-to-yellow upconversion process is stable under continuous long wavelength irradiation and is readily visualized by the naked eye even at modest laser fluence (0.6 mJ/pulse). In aerated solutions, however, selective excitation of the phthalocyanine sensitizer leads to rapid decomposition of rubrene into its corresponding endoperoxide as evidenced by UV−vis (in toluene), 1H NMR (in d6-benzene), and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, consistent with the established reactivity of rubrene with singlet dioxygen. The upconversion process in this triplet sensitizer/acceptor-annihilator combination was preliminarily investigated in solid polymer films composed of a 50:50 mixture of an ethyleneoxide/epichlorohydrin copolymer, P(EO/EP). Films that were prepared under an argon atmosphere and maintained under this inert environment successfully achieve the anticipated quadratic incident power dependence, whereas air exposure causes the film to deviate somewhat from this dependence. To the best of our knowledge, the current study represents the first example of photon upconversion using a phthalocyanine triplet sensitizer, furthering the notion that anti-Stokes light-producing sensitized TTA appears to be a general phenomenon as long as proper energy criteria are met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis, photophysics, electronic structure, and electrochemical characterization of 4′-tert-butylacetylene-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridineplatinum(ii) chloride (1), 4′-phenylacetylene-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridineplatinum(ii) chloride (2), and their ZnII analogs are described. The PtII complexes display interesting photophysical properties, showing vibronically resolved emission spectra at room temperature in CH2Cl2, resembling a ligand localized emission profile. The photophysics and 1O2 sensitization experiments support a triplet state assignment for these emissions which are best described as an admixture of charge transfer and ligand localized components, which decay symmetrically with time as evidenced by time resolved emission spectra. Room temperature ligand-localized fluorescence emission is observed from the zinc complexes whereas phosphorescence emission from the 3π–π* manifold was obtained at 77 K in 4 : 1 EtOH/MeOH matrices doped with 10% ethyliodide. Compounds 1 and 2 display long-lived emission at room temperature, the latter possessing a longer lifetime, higher quantum yield, and longer wavelength emission. Lowering the temperature from 298 K to 77 K induces an increase in the excited state lifetime of both platinum systems together with a blue shift in their respective emission maxima, concomitant with more pronounced vibronic structure. The data are consistent with configurationally mixed triplet excited states at room temperature which persists in 77 K glasses. The corresponding Zn(ii) complexes display significantly higher energy ligand-localized phosphorescence at 77 K. This latter result suggests that the nature of the metal and/or coordination environment imparts a significant electronic pertubation into the ligand-localized triplet states of these conjugated terpyridyl structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-to-ligand charge-transfer sensitized upconverted fluorescence in noncovalent triplet energy transfer assemblies is investigated using Ir(ppy)3as the sensitizer (ppy 2-phenylpyridine) and pyrene or 3,8-di-tert-butylpyrene as the triplet acceptor/annihilator. Upconverted singlet fluorescence from pyrene or 3,8-di-tert-butylpyrene resulting from triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) is observed following selective excitation of Ir(ppy)3in deaerated dichloromethane solutions using 450-nm laser pulses. In both systems, the TTA process is confirmed by the near quadratic dependence of the upconverted fluorescence intensity on incident light power, measured by integrating the upconverted delayed fluorescence kinetic traces as a function of incident excitation power. At the relatively high concentrations of pyrene that were utilized, pyrene excimer formation was detected by its characteristic broad emission centered near 470 nm. In essence, selective excitation of Ir(ppy)3ultimately resulted in the simultaneous sensitization of both singlet pyrene and pyrene excimers, and the latter degrades the energy stored in the pyrene singlet excited state. Furthermore, in the case of di-tert-butylpyrene/Ir(ppy)3, the formation of excimers is successfully blocked because of the presence of the sterically hindering tert-butyl groups. The current work demonstrates that sensitized TTA is indeed accessible to chromophore systems beyond those previously reported, suggesting the generality of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eighteen distinct PtIIterpyridyl chloride cross-reactive sensor elements incorporated into microarrays with 1000 × 250 μm well dimensions generate distinctive colorimetric and luminometric responses upon exposure to a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study provides clear-cut experimental evidence for solvent-induced configuration mixing and complete triplet state inversion at room temperature in a Pt(ii) charge transfer complex bearing a combination of energetically proximate charge transfer and intraligand triplet excited states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous exploration of materials design space is hindered by its high dimensionality and the scarcity of data. In this work, we present AlphaFlow, a self-driven lab guided by reinforcement learning that enables accelerated discovery and optimization of multi-step chemistries.

Spin-triplet energy transfer in molecular systems underlies important applications for chemistry and devices. Here, the authors investigate the triplet energy transfer in CdSe quantum dots with varying ZnS shell thicknesses to surface-anchored anthracene molecules and identify a stepwise mechanism mediated by endothermic charge-transfer states.

Though literature reports models describing triplet energy transfer between inorganic semiconductors and organic molecules, a unified mechanism for this process is still lacking. Here, the authors report triplet energy transfer mechanism at lead halide perovskite nanocrystal/polyacene interfaces.

Though organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with electroluminescence at sub-bandgap voltages have been reported, realizing high efficiency in such a device is difficult. Here, the authors report high efficiency sub-bandgap OLEDs featuring organic molecules with large singlet-triplet splitting.

Actualmente el traslado de pacientes críticos se lleva a cabo mediante un centro de coordinación entre la atención extrahospitalaria y la atención hospitalaria. Las modernas tecnologías de comunicaciones inalámbricas ofrecen la posibilidad de perfeccionar algunos sistemas en el marco de la medicina crítica (urgencias y emergencias), que bajo estas situaciones son muchas las ocasiones en las que se requiere exploraciones complementarias. El sistema de telemetría desarrollado en este trabajo contempla la comunicación en tiempo real de la bioquímica sanguínea del paciente que en determinadas condiciones y ante una fundada sospecha clínica basada en una anamnesia y exploración física adecuadas requieren de este tipo de pruebas diagnósticas para una mejor valoración del estado del paciente. Esto permite mejorar la asistencia en todo momento y la preparación de todos los recursos necesarios y adecuados para la rápida, correcta y eficaz recepción y atención del paciente en el hospital sin coste adicional, ya que igualmente se requerirían estas pruebas en el hospital. Este sistema permite la detección precoz de afecciones que ponen en riesgo inminente la vida de un paciente. Los resultados de las pruebas constata el interés de este nuevo servicio.

For populations that may be affected, the risks of earthquakes and tsunamis are a major concern worldwide. Therefore, early detection of an event of this type in good time is of the highest priority. The observatories that are capable of detecting Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) waves (

Although rare, amyloidosis and hemochromatosis are the infiltrative diseases in which the heart is more frequently involved. The most common clinical presentation is heart failure with hemodynamic features of restrictive heart disease in cardiac amyloidosis. The diagnosis is often made because of symptoms of other organ involvement, although sometimes cardiac symptoms may be the initial manifestation. The non-specific clinical presentation and the low prevalence of these cardiomyopathies make the diagnosis difficult if the clinician does not suspect it. Once symptoms develop, the evolution is fast. Usually, the unsatisfactory and ineffective treatment of amyloidosis and hemochromatosis contribute to the poor prognosis. The indication of cardiac transplantation in advanced cases is questionable because of the high recurrence of the illness.