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The Carpathian belt is one of Europe's major metallogenic provinces, where magmatic ore mineralization is associated with the past subduction environment. The upper crust is mapped for the first time in the Northeast Carpathian Volcanic Arc using magnetotelluric data inversion. The obtained 3‐D electrical resistivity model is interpreted in conjunction with geological information and magnetic anomaly data. The model illustrates the deep magmatic plumbing system including kilometer‐scale plutonic bodies at a depth of 2–7 km. The model implies that the transport of magma and fluids in the uppermost crust was controlled by pre‐existing faults and décollement horizons. Present ore mineralization, mined since historical times, can be attributed to an electrically conductive conduit that is mapped from the surface to a depth of about 30 km. It is suggested that this conduit connected a shallow magmatic chamber to a deep source region in the southeast during late Miocene time. An observed northwest deflection of the deep magmatic conduit at a depth of more than 10 km may explain the spatial gap in the distribution of the Miocene volcanic activity along the Eastern Carpathians. Plain Language Summary: The Carpathian Mountains have long been exploited for their metal ore deposits, which have been associated with the subduction of tectonic plates. Studying the natural variations of the regional electric and magnetic fields, we estimate the distribution of subsurface electrical resistivity. Subsurface electrical structures are interpreted as deep magma systems and large plutonic bodies. The interpretation implies that regional volcanic activity has been controlled by faults, large fractures in geologic formations, and detached strata. Specifically, historic mining can be attributed to a large conductive body that can be mapped from surface to about 30 km. Data suggest that this body, which could represent a pathway of magmatic fluids, connects to a deep, southeastern mantle source region. Key Points: 3‐D magnetotelluric survey in northeast Carpathian Mountains elucidates the structure of the Miocene volcanic provinceNew data reveal shallow magmatic‐hydrothermal system connected to a deep source region via an inclined conductive conduitCenturies‐old mines align with an electrically conductive layer interpreted as a clay alteration related to hydrothermal activity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the analysis of Upper Triassic sediments from five locations in North Dobrogea (Romania) and the Black Sea. Microfacies analyses on thin sections from the Frecăței log reveal a shallowing trend and likely an increase in energy upward into the section. The oldest part of the log is characterised by deposition of mudstones transitioning to wackestones, with an increase of bivalves. Similar wackestones are observed in the Izvoarele and Rândunica logs, i.e. microfacies with abundant bivalves, some foraminifera and echinoderms. The offshore boreholes 816 and 817 Lebăda Vest (core CM 9 and CM 31) seem to have been deposited in a basinal or distal marine shelf environment indicated by the presence of mudstones with rare bioclasts. In contrast, sample CM 10 from borehole 816 LV is a micritised grainstone suggesting a deposition in a shallower, higher energy environment. Scanning electron microscope observations reveal a moderate diagenetic alteration in all studied samples, mainly due to dissolution. Two calcareous nannofossil species: Prinsiosphaera triassica triassica and Eoconusphaera zlambachensis were commonly observed in sample F of the Frecăței log, allowing for assignment of the sediments to the Rhaetian age. Two coccoliths were also observed in sample F of Frecăței log and sample CM 9 of the borehole 816 LV indicating the presence of coccolithophorids within the study region. This discovery constitutes the first confirmed record of well-preserved, determinable Upper Triassic calcareous nannofossils in the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situated at the junction between the Eastern Carpathians Mountains, the Pannonian and the Transylvanian basins, the Baia Mare region (Romania) has a complex geological history that witnessed the interaction among the three main tectonic provinces. Here, we report results from new seismic reflection measurements that provide modern information about the subsurface geological structure. The integrated analysis of the newly acquired and vintage seismic reflection data from the study area reveals details about the architecture of the Palaeogene and the Neogene deposits at the contact between the northeastern Pannonian and northwestern Transylvanian basins. In particular, it unveils a fault zone that most probably controlled the tectonic evolution of the eastern Pannonian and Transylvanian basins. A better understanding of the crustal structure and tectonic features in the study area is a first step into evaluating the geothermal potential of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ţicău area (NW Romania) is part of the collisional zone between the Tisza and Dacia mega‐units. Imaging of Ţicău area's subsurface geological structure will contribute to the understanding of the processes, which controlled its tectonic evolution. Analysis of outcrops provides accurate information for the building of kinematic sections used to explain the small‐scale deformations of sedimentary formations, such as those developed south of the Ţicău mountains. Imaging of large‐scale deformations requires analysis of data recorded and/or measured over a wider area. We use Seismic Interferometry by cross‐correlation on ambient noise recorded along with a line located north of the Ţicău mountains. The passive seismic section obtained after virtual body‐wave reflections processing displays folded and faulted Paleogene formations, which are in good agreement with the observations on outcrops found to the south of the Ţicău mountains. The active‐source data recorded along with the same line are too noisy for interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present new sedimentological, petrographical, palaeontological and detrital zircon U–Pb data on late Oligocene–early Miocene sedimentary rocks of the thin‐skinned thrust belt of East Carpathians. These data were acquired to reconstruct the sedimentary routing system for two compositionally different turbidite fans made of the regionally extensive Kliwa and Fusaru formations. On the eastern margin of the Moldavides foreland basin, large low‐gradient river systems draining the East European Platform provided well‐sorted quartz‐rich sand forming deltas on wide shallow shelves and thick Kliwa submarine fans. Due to the westward subduction of a thinned continental plate, the western basin margin was characterized by short, steep‐gradient routing systems where sediment transport to deep water was mainly through hyperpycnal flows. The Getic and Bucovinian nappes of the East Carpathians and the exhumed Cretaceous–Early Palaeogene orogenic wedge fed Fusaru fans with poorly sorted lithic sand. The Fusaru fans trend northwards in the foredeep basin having an elongate depocentre, interfingering and then overlapping on the distal part of the Kliwa depositional system due to the eastward advance of the Carpathian fold‐and‐thrust belt. A smaller sediment input is supplied by southern continental areas (i.e. Moesian Platform, North Dobrogea and potentially the Balkans). In general, the sandstone interfingering between distinct basin floor fan systems is less well documented because the facies would be similar and there are not many systems that have a distinct sediment provenance like Kliwa and Fusaru systems. This case study improves the understanding of regional palaeogeography and sedimentary routing systems and provides observations relevant here or elsewhere on the interfingering turbidite fan systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Browse Basin, now part of Australia`s North West Shelf passive margin, was formed through six major tectonic events, from the Paleozoic to the Miocene, and is a gas and condensate rich province in north-west Australia. In this study we focused on Eocene-Oligocene stratigraphic plays in order to extend the basin`s resources by proposing new prospects that could include reservoirs with both liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Lithologic descriptions from wells, structural and depth maps, along with seismic attributes (GSD and RMS Amplitude), were integrated to create a sedimentological model for the evolution of the Prion Fm. We highlighted the fact that the distal zones of the upper part of the Upper Eocene – Lower Oligocene sequence host multiple individual, disconnected, submarine fan systems that create the proper framework for the exploration activity. An interesting prospect was proposed in this project, one that might yield recoverable resources of around 31 MMbbl of oil and 236 BCF of gas (solution gas and free gas cumulated) (Pmean values for volumetric estimates). This is an attempt to unlock oil reserves that currently lack throughout the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we intend to reveal the architecture and structural styles in the outer unit of the Nankai accretionary prism, using a 672 km² seismic survey that was acquired by the Japanese Government in 2006 in order to infer the origins of some major tsunamigenic earthquakes. Understanding deformation mechanisms and the distribution and morphology of the thrust sheets and faults is essential for the oil and gas industry and for academic study as well, as scientists intend to prevent the impact of devastating hazards that appear often in active tectonic settings, such as subduction zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wastewater treatment plant of Agnita, Romania was designed with a rotational biological contactor system for a population of approximately 9500, but for environmental protection reasons it must comply with regulations concerning nitrogen and phosphorus designed for larger communities. In order to achieve the prescribed limits for these pollutants, we have used a 40% FeCl3 solution, continuously added to the distributor, without changes in flow or equipment. Its use boosts the removal of ammonia nitrogen, and phosphorus, bringing them within the limits and with reasonable cost. To determine the ferric chloride to be used we considered, aside from the pollutant load, the water temperature, and introduced a new parameter: specific removal power that enabled us to optimize the volume of FeCl3. A major contribution to nitrogen removal was achieved by the denitrification bacteria favored by the presence of ferric ions, which also precipitate phosphorus. The results of this study, performed since September 2021, enable us to continue to use this method and enlarge its application to other plants owned by the local operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents aspects related to the collection of biomass resulting from the annual cutting in orchards, notions of sizing of choppers and shredders, and some of the achievements resulting from the development of the ECOVALDES project in the segment of branch choppers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreland basins are dependent on two key parts, a „moving part" (the fold and thrust belt) and a relatively „stationary part" (the pre-existing basins). Throughout the study area multiple wells drilled the pre-Miocene stratigraphy from multiple basins (East European Platform, Bârlad Depression, North Dobrogea Promontory, East Moesian Platform) and each basin had a different response for the E-ward advancing Carpathians. The older and colder the plates, the more rigidly they responded to the advancement of the nappes and a new pre-foreland setup was established through creation of multiple depocenters across the basin. The pre-existing topography played an important role for foreland geometry and fill. Main findings show that the Northern foreland didn't advance too far away as the East European Platform broke apart on long N-S fault zones rather than flexing and creating too much accommodation space for the Miocene fill. Further to the South we observe that the nappes had more space to advance, and this seems to be related to the response of the Bârlad Depression, as weaker plate flexing easily under the load and generating a rapid subsiding foreland basin. This area shows the highest subsidence rate for the Sarmatian section (Bacau area). Further to the South as the Carpathians hit the toughest block, the Nord Dobrogea Promontory (made up of Palaeozoic sediments and metamorphic basement rocks), the advancement of the thrust belt found advancing to the East as difficult as it can possibly be, thus the weakest link in the area (East Moesia), started flexing and creating large accommodation space starting with Sarmatian and through time until Romanian-Quaternary times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Labrador Sea is part of the Atlantic rift system which opens during Early Cretaceous times in the intracontinental domain. The rifting stage continues and generates an expansion center, with the establishments of an oceanic ridge during Late Cretaceous-Paleocene times. The rifting was asymmetric with a gradual propagation northward. The Cretaceous stretching and thinning of the continental crust led to the development of the transitional domain, with a controversial origin either thinned continental or oceanic. With this study, we bring new evidences for the presence of exhumed upper mantle in the transition domain based on geometry of the detachment faults, typical “S” shape, and we emphasize the role of the detachments in the rifting of continental crust and its ultimate break-up. We observed the lateral change, from South to North, of the continental to oceanic crust transition, from a step-up to a step-down. Based on, we suggest that it might reflect the changes in the upper versus lower plate position of the Labrador Sea, a change accommodated across the Snorri Fracture Zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of the Romanian Western Black Sea shelf has been studied for the last 50 years. This paper aims to give a new interpretation, highlight a new vision regarding the lower crust architecture by combining the known local data with new measurements. In 2005, a new set of gravimetric data was collected by the Romanian National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-ecology (GeoEcoMar), in the project Marine Geohazard, financed by the EU, which summed up to thousands of gravimetric profiles on the Romanian and Bulgarian offshore. By combining the new data with the known geological setting, a new vision emerged regarding the understanding of the complex structural dynamics of the deep shelf area and the geomorphology of the deep geological structure. For this investigation, a set of 3 profiles have been constructed as a starting point for the geological structure. In the process of inserting data, we had to take into consideration all the implicit information available from the local wells that are considered a secure source of upper-structure information. Once the model obtained, the image showed different areas where the Western Black Sea back-arc opening of the basin showed its marks, by presenting an unexpectedly complex architecture, considering all the constraints and local limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas escape features are a common presence on any young sedimentary basins where large amounts of organic-rich sediments are deposited within a short time. The fast burial process conducts to maturation and carbonization of the sedimentary organic matter by bacterial and, later, by temperature transformations. The Black Sea is one such basin, where numerous shallow gas accumulation and gas escape features were observed and analyzed, ranging from gas hydrates, gas chimneys, flares, and mud volcanos. The study of such geological phenomena is important for identifying present seabed geohazards, and nonetheless for hydrocarbon exploration. Our study integrates newly acquired 2D high-resolution seismic lines, further used to correlate the gas escape features and their relationship with deep-seated faults, such as Peceneaga-Camena, and petroleum system of the Romanian Black Sea Shelf area. Our results show that in the studied area the gas escape features are confined into the Pliocene-Quaternary sequence, hence not related to Peceneaga-Camena Fault or to a deeper thermogenic petroleum system, and most probably, the gas is sourced from the shallower biogenic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to bring new constraints on the Eocene stratigraphy of the northern edge of Istria Basin, located in Western Black Sea. For achieving our goal, we have studied several core reports containing the description of the lithology and microfossils assemblages (foraminifera, ostracods and calcareous nannofossils) from 3 wells drilled in the northern Istria Basin. Thus, we were able to identify lithological and biostratigraphic constraints, allowing to generate a coherent correlation scheme for the Eocene deposits, with precise age assignment and advanced models of the IB evolution during the Eocene. The lithology of the 3 wells, situated in the Sinoe, Lebăda West and Lebăda East areas, is mainly represented by calcareous sandstones and siliciclastic ones. The biostratigraphy indicates that the deposits of the Sinoe and Lebăda West wells are Middle Eocene in age (mostly the upper part), while in the Lebăda East well a late Early to Middle Eocene age was assigned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study performs an approach to the "environment - life quality - biotechnological molecular gastronomy" direction, an axis with consistent theoretic and practical potential in offering attractive and pleasant culinary products for the consumers, with the same effect on health as supplementary under pharmaceutics format. The paper proposes a change of paradigm, in order to develop certain excellence gastronomic preparations, based on incorporating functional and/or nutraceutic food, with hedonic characteristics and with the same health generating effect (or "sanogenesis" effect) through different bioactive substances, as an alternative for medicinal food, adapting ancient empiric ideas of the oriental food manner. In this paper there is underlined the fact that, through the new paradigm, culinary preparations effectively become innovative composite foods which, through their diversity, equilibrium and in relation to environmental factors, open new research directions, towards conceptual coherence and diversification of gastronomic products aiming to a multifunctional energetic, nutritional, psycho-sensitive efficaciousness, having also at the same time a punctual metabolic action of a prophylactic type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The civilisation is in the continuous search for energy resources, either already in use or new ones, for future needs. The gas hydrates are one of the unconventional resources that have been identified, evaluated and in the future will be probably exploited. The semi-enclosed Black Sea Basin has an excellent potential for free gas and gas hydrate accumulation, on account of its anoxic water regime which favours the preservation of organic matter in the sediments (the chemocline lies at 110-140 m depth). Regions outside the stability field of gas hydrates, namely, the shelf and upper slope, show a high gas content in the sediments. The Black Sea Basin has been the focus for numerous research projects, which led to the identification of the BSR that might be associated with the gas hydrate zones. Beside the gas hydrates, numerous gas occurrences have been recognized on the seafloor of the Black Sea in different sectors and at different depths, including shelf and slope of Romanian Black Sea area, and a significant amount of data have been published. The current synthesis aims to make a review of the results published in the last 15 years describing geological structure and evolution of the Black Sea Basin, as well as bottom sediments, gas hydrates, flare and escape structures Offshore Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the actions conducted in the Second World War, the air defence troops enhanced their organisation and equipment. In the fights conducted during the insurrection in August 1944, and then for the liberation of the entire territory of the country, in Hungary and Czechoslovakia, the soldiers and officers in the troops performed acts of heroism contributing to the victory against Nazi Germany. The authors consider that, starting on 24 August 1944, the air defence of the country - especially the antiaircraft artillery - was mainly characterised by the combination between air and land actions. They were conducted not only to defend the fire positions but also to support the land troops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the natural evolution of a river–delta–sea system is important to develop a strong scientific basis for efficient integrated management plans. The distribution of sediment fluxes is linked with the natural connection between sediment source areas situated in uplifting mountain chains and deposition in plains, deltas and, ultimately, in the capturing oceans and seas. The Danube River–western Black Sea is one of the most active European systems in terms of sediment re-distribution that poses significant societal challenges. We aim to derive the tectonic and sedimentological background of human-induced changes in this system and discuss their interplay. This is obtained by analysing the tectonic and associated vertical movements, the evolution of relevant basins and the key events affecting sediment routing and deposition. The analysis of the main source and sink areas is focused in particular on the Miocene evolution of the Carpatho-Balkanides, Dinarides and their sedimentary basins including the western Black Sea. The vertical movements of mountains chains created the main moments of basin connectivity observed in the Danube system. Their timing and effects are observed in sediments deposited in the vicinity of gateways, such as the transition between the Pannonian/Transylvanian and Dacian basins and between the Dacian Basin and western Black Sea. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding threshold conditions driving rapid basins connectivity changes superposed over the longer time scale of tectonic-induced vertical movements associated with background erosion and sedimentation. The spatial and temporal scale of such processes is contrastingly different and challenging. The long-term patterns interact with recent or anthropogenic induced modifications in the natural system and may result in rapid changes at threshold conditions that can be quantified and predicted. Their understanding is critical because of frequent occurrence during orogenic evolution, as commonly observed in the Mediterranean area and discussed elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of systems, of various levels of complexity that can integrate physical with virtual components has become a priority for research in the context of emerging paradigms such as Cyber-Physical Systems or Internet for the Future. The authors propose a Robotic Development Platform architecture that integrates principles of Cyber-Physical Systems. The proposed architecture, is scalable, by facilitating the integration of different existing development and simulation tools and will allow robot systems to be tested in different environments, with different characteristics, and facilitate the integration of real world simulation with virtual environment simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: The balance between extension and contraction in back-arc basins is very sensitive to a number of parameters related to on-going subduction and collision processes. This leads to complex back-arc geometries, where a lateral transition between crustal blocks with contrasting rheologies is often recorded. One good example is the back-arc region of the Balkanides–Pontides orogens, where lateral variations in rheologies are observed between the Balkanides–Moesian block and the Pontides–Western Black Sea Basin. The latter opened during Cretaceous–Eocene, and has been inverted together with the former starting during late Middle Eocene. The inversion generated contrasting geometries along the orogenic strike, with a narrow zone of high deformation in the Balkanides–Moesia region, wide areas of thrusting with low offsets in the Pontides–Western Black Sea Basin and a transitional zone characterized by highly curved geometries. This overall type of inversion is investigated here by the means of analogue modelling testing the role of inherited crustal geometries during inversion. Our modelling suggests that the contrasting architecture of inverted structures observed in the Balkanides–Pontides domain are the result of pre-existing crustal stretching geometries of various blocks inherited from the Cretaceous–Eocene extension. The stretched and weak back-arc basins can transfer contraction deformation at large distances, explaining structures derived by observational studies. The collisional deformation recorded in the Pontides was transmitted at large distances that are in the range of the contraction structures observed in the centre and northern part of the Western Black Sea. In the light of analogue modelling results we argue that the Western Black Sea was a rheologically weaker domain when compared with the adjacent western onshore at the beginning of the inversion, in contrast with previous results derived from numerical modelling studies that argued for a strong West Black Sea domain at the beginning of inversion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Statutes had an important place in the activities held by the Cultural Associations. They enclosed detailed provisions on the internal organization of the associations and clear stipulations on the members' and leaderships' rights and duties, as well as the principles of cultural events organizing. The Statutes were approved by the Hungarian ministries and so they provided a legal and protective framework for the associations' members against the authorities' pressures and abuses. Their content drew two essential objectives: moral education and the national consciousness and culture asserting. Their implementing generated complex cultural events where song, poetry and theatre gave expression to national ideal supporting will. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]