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The potential of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology to produce very complex geometrics has a profound impact on the physical world. Practitioners in the industry are developing predictive methods for assessing key parameters and responses of engineering materials. Enterprises are trying to solve problems such as Flexural Strength (FS), Average Surface Roughness (Ra), Tensile Strength (TS), sustainability including energy efficacy, and time management problems. This study's objective is divided into two main parts. The First part includes the parametric investigations of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) polymer to optimize the mechanical properties, Ra, and sustainability, including Print Time (T) and Printer Energy consumption (E) of samples using the FFF technique. In second part, samples were printed at optimized parametric values and further post-processed to enhance the responses such as TS, FS, Ra, and Laser Scan Time (Tl) using CO2 laser polishing treatment. FFF with PETG, a biodegradable material, is commonly used in various fields, despite the traditionally significant surface roughness of FFF products. In pre-processing, by optimizing 3D printed parameters, FS of 69.9 MPa, lowest Ra of 6.8 μm, TS of 45.1 MPa, lowest T of 53 min and E of 0.20 kWh were attained. In post-processing, the Ra decreased by more than 58.38% due to laser polishing (6.8 μm–2.81 μm). The TS increased by 8.89%, from 45.1 MPa to 49.11 MPa. SEM investigation revealed that the gaps in the material lowered the FS by 5.09%, from 69.9 MPa to 66.34 MPa and Tl for 0.22 min. The fracture morphologies were studied as a means of learning more about the reinforcing process in the future. These outcomes prove that laser scanning can improve and alter the surface of an FFF product.

Without pure water, it is impossible to survive for any living beings. The ratio of freshwater on our planet is very poor and the demand is increasing with time for the growing population. Furthermore, water is being contaminated by industrial and agricultural activities, pharmaceuticals, technocratic civilization, pesticides, garments, global changes etc. In addition to this, environmental pollution and global warming are swelling due to the greenhouse and harmful gases generated from the dumping and burning of fossil fuel. Addressing these problems, it is necessary to find out the cost-effective and environmental friendly processes to purify the contaminated water and air. Activated carbons (ACs) are one of the best solutions for removing the pollutants from aqueous and atmosphere as it is the carbonaceous materials with a high degree of porosity, well-developed surface area, and distinguished functional groups which are required for elimination of contaminants. The preparations of activated carbon are easy and safe processes, mainly from the pyrolysis or gasification of biomass with heat and/or chemicals. The recycling and regeneration of activated carbon after use are also essential for resource maintenance and environmental safety. Thus, AC can protect the ecosystem in a double direction by purifying the water and air from the pollutants.

The aim of this research is to characterize the invasive grass, Pennisetum purpureum, to evaluate the potentiality of the bioenergy production. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra are measured in order to understand the functional groups and their structure in the biomass. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) data are provided under Pyrolysis (N2) and combustion (O2) conditions to reveal the degradation pattern of the biomass. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the thermochemical process to measure the enthalpy changes pattern of the biomass. The original data presented in this work can be found in a research paper titled “Evaluation of the bioenergy potential of invasive Pennisetum purpureum through pyrolysis and thermogravimetric analysis”, by Md Sumon Reza, Shafi Noor Islam, Shammya Afroze, Muhammad S. Abu Bakar, Rahayu S. Sukri, Saidur Rahman, and Abul K. Azad [1].

To evaluate the possibilities for biofuel and bioenergy production Acacia Holosericea, which is an invasive plant available in Brunei Darussalam, was investigated. Proximate analysis of Acacia Holosericea shows that the moisture content, volatile matters, fixed carbon, and ash contents were 9.56%, 65.12%, 21.21%, and 3.91%, respectively. Ultimate analysis shows carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen as 44.03%, 5.67%, and 0.25%, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results have shown that maximum weight loss occurred for this biomass at 357 °C for pyrolysis and 287 °C for combustion conditions. Low moisture content (Acacia Holosericea was found 34.45%, 32.56%, 33.09% for 500 °C with a heating rate 5 °C/min and 25.81%, 37.61%, 36.58% with a heating rate 10 °C/min, respectively, in this research. From Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy it was shown that a strong C–H, C–O, and C=C bond exists in the bio-char of the sample.