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Introduction Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. In a mouse model of liver fibrosis, systemic injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) was considered to rescue the diseased phenotype. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of human adipose tissue-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells (hADMPCs) in improving liver fibrosis. Methods and results hADMPCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissues of healthy volunteers and expanded. Six week-old male nude mice were treated with carbon tetra-chloride (CCl 4 ) by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for 6 weeks, followed by a tail vein injection of hADMPCs or placebo control. After 6 more weeks of CCl 4 injection (12 weeks in all), nude mice with hADMPCs transplants exhibited a significant reduction in liver fibrosis, as evidenced by Sirius Red staining, compared with nude mice treated with CCl 4 for 12 weeks without hADMPCs transplants. Moreover, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase and total bilirubin levels in hADMPCs-treated nude mice were lower levels than those in placebo controls. Production of fibrinolytic enzyme MMPs from hADMPCs were examined by ELISA and compared to that from BM-MSCs. MMP-2 levels in the culture media were not significantly different, whereas those of MMP-3 and -9 of hADMPCs were higher than those by BM-MSCs. Conclusion These results showed the mode of action and proof of concept of systemic injection of hADMPCs, which is a promising therapeutic intervention for the treatment of patients with liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]