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Abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ropinirole (ROP) medication given for an extended period following the induction of cognitive decline, oxidative stress, and deterioration of mitochondria in a Wistar rat model by Aβ1–42. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective efficacy of ROP in a stereotaxis model of AD. The Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I was considered as a sham, group II served as Aβ‐infusion alone, Group III was Aβ1–42+ ROP (5 mg/kg/i.p.), and Group IV was Aβ1–42+ ROP (10 mg/kg/i.p.). Our research revealed that ROP (10 mg/kg, b.wt.) attenuates the cognitive deficits caused by Aβ1–42‐infused, which also correlates with the barnes maze, where (10 mg/kg, b.w.t.) shows significant improvement in spatial learning and memory. At the same time, ROP was rescued from oxidative damage, decreased lipid peroxidation rates, and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity caused, demonstrating antioxidant benefits. In addition, a higher dose of ROP restored mitochondrial membrane potential in Aβ1–42 rats. Furthermore, histopathological examination showed that ROP treatment reduced neuronal loss, especially in the hippocampus. We conclude that ROP's protective effects in reducing oxidative stress and modulating mitochondrial function might have a propensity in AD pathogenesis.

Abstract Delayed diagnosis of cancer using conventional diagnostic modalities needs to be addressed to reduce the mortality rate of cancer. Recently, 2D nanomaterial-enabled advanced biosensors have shown potential towards the early diagnosis of cancer. The high surface area, surface functional groups availability, and excellent electrical conductivity of MXene make it the 2D material of choice for the fabrication of advanced electrochemical biosensors for disease diagnostics. MXene-enabled electrochemical aptasensors have shown great promise for the detection of cancer biomarkers with a femtomolar limit of detection. Additionally, the stability, ease of synthesis, good reproducibility, and high specificity offered by MXene-enabled aptasensors hold promise to be the mainstream diagnostic approach. In this review, the design and fabrication of MXene-based electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers have been discussed. Besides, various synthetic processes and useful properties of MXenes which can be tuned and optimized easily and efficiently to fabricate sensitive biosensors have been elucidated. Further, futuristic sensing applications along with challenges will be deliberated herein.

To search a new drug delivery excipient, this effort deals with the effects of cationic (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and anionic (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, SDBS) surfactants on the physicochemical properties of the anti-allergic drug (diphenhydramine hydrochloride, DPH). The tensiometric study has been done to find the nature of the interaction between drug and ionic surfactants. Numerous micellar, surface and conforming energetic parameters have been intended from this technique. Several physical models (Clint, Rubingh, Rosen, and Motomura) based on pseudo-phase approximation and regular solution theory, have been applied to compute these meaningful physical parameters. The DPH is a positively charged amphiphilic drug, while CTAB and SDBS are positively and negatively charged surfactants. It is experienced stronger attractive interaction of DPH with SDBS as compared to CTAB.

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation and hypertrophy of the dura mater. Spinal form of IHP is extremely rare. We report an idiopathic hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis case, a 67-year-old female who presented with neck and upper back pain with progressive paraparesis and sensory level. Her magnetic resonance imaging cervico-dorsal spine showed abnormal epidural hypointensity on T2-weighted images from C5 to T4 with significant cord compression and intramedullary cord signal changes at T2 and T3 levels. The lesional biopsy was done suggestive of chronic inflammatory changes. She was treated with steroids and was able to walk unaided.

This paper investigates the role of streetscape in enhancing users' sense of urban heritage in cities. Moreover, it is a leading player in improving tourism and trade, which drives the city's economy. Muharraq is located in northern-east Bahrain. The heritage areas of Muharraq have been well known for their culture, heritage and trade since globalization. Muharraq's urban morphology dramatically changed, distorting its historical core despite early modern planning's meticulous consideration of social coherence and historical significance. Unfortunately, in most projects of heritage areas of Muharraq, streets lack appropriate designs that accurately highlight the sense of heritage and the vital commercial activities and users' needs in heritage zones. Therefore, a comprehensive streetscape design concept that reflects the local heritage of Muharraq is needed more. Sheikh Isa Street is one of the main streets inside the heritage areas of Muharraq and was selected as a pilot study to examine the hypnosis that the appropriate streetscape will positively impact and enhance the visual seen and consequently improve the users' sense in heritage areas of Muharraq. This study aims to comprehend the essential urban design, streetscape elements and heritage preservation that are primary to achieve a sense of heritage that simultaneously respects the heritage of the street and emphasizes the importance of improving the heritage ambiance and that meets BACA and local municipality goals. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a mixed methodology was adopted to comprehend the research problem better. The qualitative method includes in-depth interviews, observations and site visits and the quantitative method includes using the QGS software. The findings show that the street needs better urban imageability, which has negatively impacted the sense of heritage, which is lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape‐memory polymers (SMP) are materials responsive to stimuli, which will be modified to their initial form on the occurrence of an appropriate input. SMPs have been a class of impulsively valuable material in the last few decades. Because of their numerous, adaptable uses across a wide range, "wise" materials (SMPs) have attracted intense interest in the advanced material fields. Besides others, they need a substantial part of the area of the medical field. SMPs provide flexibility for promoting keyhole surgery, which offers stable strength, imposes stabilization forces, rinse therapeutic agents, and are degradable. Basic research on proposed SMP systems for medicine emphasizes biocompatibility, tolerability, disinfection, and non‐toxicity. This article mentions an overview of the latest advancements in the applications of SMP been reported. The article aims to incorporate all the possible applications of SMP, making it a versatile material that juxtaposes it with other advanced materials. The significance of SMP in the biomedical field, drug development, cardio‐vascular diseases, tissue engineering, wound dressing, surgical sutures, and many other applications has been highlighted. Another section dedicated to the antimicrobial abilities of SMP has been discussed. The last section is devoted to the conclusion and future developments in the respective area. Thus, this review focuses on many biomedicine areas and tube, medical science, and neuronic applications regarding the development and ability of SMPs to boost the quality of services in these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an emergency medical condition with varied etiology, presentation and outcome reported in literature. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical and radiological presentations, and clinical outcomes in cases of PRES admitted over the last one year at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed all cases diagnosed with PRES from May 2019 to May 2020. We reviewed clinical presentations, etiological history, imaging characteristics, management and clinical outcomes. Results: Five patients diagnosed with PRES were identified. All patients were females, with age range between 16 to 32 years. Etiological factors were eclampsia (2/5), drug (tacrolimus), massive blood transfusion and chronic kidney disease with hypertension. Headache was the most common clinical presentation. Other clinical presentations were visual symptoms, seizures, altered sensorium, vertigo and vomiting. The most common imaging characteristic was supratentorial T2/FLAIR white matter hyperintensity on MRI, predominantly in parieto-occipital region. Other areas of white matter involvement were cerebellum and brainstem. One patient had hemorrhage complicating PRES. All patients were primarily managed by elimination and treatment of the precipitating factors, along with standard antioedema measures and anti-epileptic drugs. There was complete recovery in all patients within one week. Conclusion: PRES has variable clinical and radiological presentation. Early diagnosis and elimination of precipitating factors are vital for complete recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant accomplishments in developing efficient rapid sensing systems and nano-therapeutics of higher efficacy, the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is not under control successfully because the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2, original and mutated) transmits easily from human to -human and causes life-threatening respiratory disorders. Thus, it has become crucial to avoid this transmission through precautions and keep premises hygienic using high-performance anti-viral nanomaterials to trap and eradicate SARS-CoV-2. Such an antiviral nano-system has successfully demonstrated useful significant contribution in COVID-19 pandemic/endemic management effectively. However, their projection with potential sustainable prospects still requires considerable attention and efforts. With this aim, the presented review highlights various severe life-threatening viral infections and the role of multi-functional anti-viral nanostructures with manipulative properties investigated as an efficient precative shielding agent against viral infection progression. The salient features of such various nanostructures, antiviral mechanisms, and high impact multi-dimensional roles are systematically discussed in this review. Additionally, the challenges associated with the projection of alternative approaches also support the demand and significance of this selected scientific topic. The outcomes of this review will certainly be useful to motivate scholars of various expertise who are planning future research in the field of investigating sustainable and affordable high-performance nano-systems of desired antiviral performance to manage not only COVID-19 infection but other targeted viral infections as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This chronic metabolic disorder is a rapid-growing global problem with huge social, health and economic consequences. Current global estimates indicate that this condition affects 415 million people and is set to escalate to 642 million by the year 2040. In India, there are about 69.2 million people with diabetes and are expected to cross 123.5 million by 2040. An ageing population and obesity are two main reasons for the increase. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes arise from different etiologies but lead to similar metabolic derangements constituted by an absolute or relative lack of insulin that results in increased plasma glucose. The natural herbs for DM treatment target on lowering blood sugar, reducing the damaging effects of the disease and maintaining of a safe, healthy level of blood glucose. In this review, we provide an overview about the types, causes of diabetes, diagnosis, newly investigated drugs, their side effects, herbs and other alternative therapies available for the management and treatment of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State Fatwa Committee of Perlis is one of fatwa (formal ruling) institutions in Malaysia. The committe is responsible in issuing any fatwa relating to Islamic affairs in Perlis. State Fatwa Committee of Perlis has its own speciality in terms of reference and source in issuing any fatwa. The Quran and hadith are made as the foundational sources in issuing fatwa compared to madhhabi approach practiced by another fatwa institution in Malaysia. This is based on the provision under Section 54 (1) of Perlis Islamic Administration Enactment 2006, which stated that the Quran and Hadis as the main sources in issuing fatwa by State Fatwa Committee of Perlis. A similar fatwa entitled “Keputusan Fatwa Mengenai Ahli Sunnah Wa al-jama'ah” (Issuance Fatwa related to Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah)" issued by State Fatwa Committee of Perlis also recognized hadith as the main reference and source to Perlis Fatwa Department. However, there is no detail explanation in the enactment as well as the above fatwa about the meaning of hadith and its application by State Fatwa Committee of Perlis. This study has been carried out in order to observe the interpretation of the aī, mursal and a'īf hadith based on the State Fatwa Committee of Perlis's perspective and practice. This study also highlights the method used by the State Fatwa Committee of Perlis in applying the hadith in issuance of a fatwa. In collecting data, this qualitative study employs the method of literature review and interview. To summarize the study, three types of hadith namely aī (including asan), mursal and a'īf were applied by State Fatwa Committee of Perlis. While the application of a hadith in the fatwa issuance process, the committee try to apply literal meaning of hadith ahead of other methods of interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Islamic faith involves beliefs, emotions, practices and behavior. The Islamic creed is more than emotions because it involves certain confidence of reward and punishment in the hereafter. It is also becoming the backbone of Islam. Clinging to the Islamic faith means to maintain the belief system about the concept of God, which is very virtuous and straight. Talking about the divinity that is pure and lawful in order to understand Islam from the sectarian context cannot run away from discussing the Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama’ah. This approach is prevalent in the Muslim world since the early days of Islam. The two approaches which are dominant now within the group of Ahlus Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah in Malaysia are the Traditionalist and the Pro-Tajdid groups. Both groups are representing the Asyairah and the Pro-Tajdid. Yet, both of these sects sometimes are at disagreement when it comes to strengthening and extending their influence in Malaysia. Based on that, this paper seeks to analyze the method of argument from both groups. The paper highlighted its findings based on the methodology and arguments and based on deductive and inductive argument in the ahlus Sunnah Wal-Jama’ah school of thought in Malaysia. The methodology used in the study is qualitative with emphasis on content analysis. The data were also collected through interviews. The findings show that the difference in the methods of the two groups is small. The argument methods of both groups are based on deductive and inductive methodology of logic. Traditionalists used a deductive method, while Pro-Tajdid utilized an inductive method. This study presents a way of understanding the methods of both parties in an effort to avoid the blaming of both parties against each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrimonial property or hartasepencarian is a form of property division that is practiced by the Malaysian Malay Muslim community based on the custom of people in the Nusantara. Terms such as ‘carianlakibini’ as in the pepatih custom and other states customs in the South-East Asia regions as proposed by Sheikh Ahmed bin Zain al-Fatani are clear evidence of these practices. On this basis, in Kedah there are two issues that need to be examined which are; the reason of matrimonial property and rate of equitable division as it is not the same in other states. A study in the form of content analysis is conducted on cases that were listed and discussed in the Syariah High Court, AlorSetar as the court is empowered to resolve mal(financial) issues. Based on the analysis, there are three conditions that lead to matrimonial property claim. The causes are divorce, the death of a spouse and polygamous marriages. Based on the analysis made, it is shown that all three conditions have been given a strong base by the Syariah High Court for a claim to be a case. Whereas in connection with the claim, there are three rates as the solution to a matrimonial property claim which are 1/2: 1/2, 1/3, 2/3 and 3/4: 1/4. These divisions are made by looking at the facts and evidence of contributions of both the husband and wife, directly or indirectly. Based on the analysis made, it is shown that all three of rates have been applied by the Syariah High Court to resolve all cases billed in this Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present studies, three different compositions of geopolymeric coating material have been developed utilizing fly ash, red mud, alkali activators and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. TiO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles are added to the developed coating material compositions as additives. These compositions are applied to mild steel plates by spray coating technique. Further, adhesive strength, water stability and anti-corrosion behavior of geopolymeric coated mild steel plates are determined. Developed geopolymeric coating material compositions are characterized for minerology, bonding behavior and morphology by XRD, FTIR and SEM respectively. Results revealed that among all the three coating material compositions, composition containing nano TiO2 exhibited best performance in terms of adhesive strength [3.1 MPa at 7th day], water resistance and corrosion resistance characteristics in 3.5 weight % sodium chloride solution by electrochemical measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blends of palm stearin (PS), palm kernel oil (PKO) and rice bran oil (RBO) were formulated using Design Expert 9.0 according to Simplex Lattice Mixture Design. Ten blends with 6 replicates were subjected to chemical interesterication (CIE) and the effects of CIE on the triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, slip melting point (SMP), solid fat content (SFC), polymorphism and microstructure were investigated. Chemical interesterification changed the TAG composition, microstructure and SFC profile of the blends. The polymorphism was not affected except for PKO and its binary blends. Interesterified blends had lower SMP than their respective non-interesterified blends except for PS, RBO and PKO:RBO blends. The optimised PS:PKO:RBO (22:16:62) blend formulated have similar SMP and SFC profile with the commercial soft table margarine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurial spirit is universal and transcends racial, cultural, and geographical limitations. However, this spirit is qualified further when fostered by Muslim entrepreneurs. When a career is associated with Islam, behavior needs to be managed in a holistic manner according to Islamic guidelines. Generally, the Islamic perspective encourages entrepreneurship. The only difference is that the fundamentals the religion should serve as the cornerstone of all entrepreneurial activity. This article will explain the element of akhlāq (moral practice) as one of the main components in the development of the entrepreneur's personality through the appreciation of Islam as found in al-Qur'ān, aḥadith, and by scholars of Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wehave investigated the effect of salt additives (NaCl, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, NaTos, and NaAn)on the aggregation behavior of a cleavable biodegradable ester-bondeddicationic gemini surfactant, ethane-1,2-diyl bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammoniumacetoxy)dichloride (16-E2-16). A multitechnique approach employing tensiometry,fluorescence, proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR), transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM), absorption spectrophotometry (UV), andFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to probephysicochemical fluctuations. Appreciable changes were observed invarious physicochemical parameters, viz., critical micelle concentration(CMC), surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimumarea per headgroup (Amin), free energyof micellization (ΔGmic°), free energy of adsorption (ΔGads°), and aggregation number (Nagg). Counterions were found to affect through electrostatic and hydrophobic influenceobeying the overall trend as NaAn > NaTos > Na3PO4> Na2SO4> NaCl. 1H NMR, TEM, UV,and FTIR results reveal microstructure evolution and phase transitions.These results thus provide deeper insights in understanding of self-aggregationand microstructure evolution of biocompatible (green) aqueous systemsof the gemini surfactant and their implications in the biomedicaland pharmaceutical world, which could be helpful to improve theirbioavailability and other biochemical aspects like drug delivery andgene transfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixed micellar properties of two cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(tetradecyldimethylammonium bromide) and alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium bromide), 14-s-14 and 16-s-16, in aqueous solution have been investigated by conductivity and fluorescence techniques. The conductivity method has been carried out to evaluate critical micelle concentration (c), degree of counterion binding (g), and other related parameters like ideal mixed critical micelle concentration (c*), micellar mole fraction (x), interaction parameter (β) from Rubingh’s model, and xidealfrom Motomura’s model. Activity coefficients (f1and f2) and Gibbs excess energy (GE) were also calculated. Fluorescence measurements were used to obtain the values of Naggand Stern−Volmer constant (Ksv). The results suggest synergism in the system. The β values are negative, and their magnitudes increase with increasing spacer chain lengths. x1> x1idealvalues suggest that the contribution of the 14-s-14 component is greater as compared to that in the ideal state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Aqueous colloidal manganese dioxide (MnO2) was prepared via titration by using potassium permanganate and sodium thiosulphate in aqueous neutral medium. The kinetics of oxidation of d-glucose onto the surface of colloidal MnO2 have been studied spectrophotometrically. The results show that the rate of initial stage (nonautocatalytic path) increases with increasing the [d-glucose], [H+], and temperature and also upon addition of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100), which indicates that the surfactant enhances the concentration of d-glucose at the surface of the colloidal MnO2. Hydrogen bonding interaction seemingly arises between –OH groups of d-glucose and oxygen of the ether linkages of polyoxyethylene chain of TX-100. A possible mechanism of the oxidative degradation of d-glucose is discussed in terms of d-glucose/TX-100 and colloidal MnO2 interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prevalence of veiling among female students is requiring urgent examination. Therefore, this study analyzes veiling during prayer, emphasizing four madhhabs to show varying perspectives and implications for student populations in Ambon State Islamic Institute. A comparative analysis of legal principles is adopted to integrate sociological perspectives using an interdisciplinary approach. Data collection includes interviews, documentation, and bibliographic studies, with emphasis on the influential novel turāś (classic book). The results show that there are three main issues, namely concerns regarding prostration perfection in hadith, debates on mouth and nose closure during prayer, and discussions on intimate body part boundaries for women. In addition, Jumhūr Ulamā (the Majority of Scholars) from al-Shāfi'ī, Hanafī, and Mālikī madhhab concur on visibility necessities in specific situations. Veiling is recommended during prayer unless there is concern for slander. In this context, students' awareness of feminist jurisprudence is stated, advocating for a nuanced understanding beyond a singular perspective. Veiling practices should also be comprehended during prayer among Muslims to urge respect for diverse Islamic opinions. This study reports the urgency of addressing the multifaceted issue and advocates for a comprehensive perspective.

Introduction Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer. The achievement of pathological complete response (pCR) in response to NAC is of clinical significance as it correlates with improved long-term outcome. pCR rate varies with different chemotherapeutic agents and a higher rate may be associated with higher treatment cost and more toxicity. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poorer prognosis than non-TNBC (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expressing tumors), but patients achieving pCR may have similar outcome. We evaluated the response of TNBC after taxane and nontaxane-based NAC and its correlation with survival outcome. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study comparing the efficacy of “taxotere, Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide TAC” versus “cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil/cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil (CEF/CAF)” NAC regimens in patients with locally advanced TNBC. The efficacy and safety of both the regimens were compared. Overall and disease-free survival were analyzed. Results Two-hundred and forty-nine eligible patients were included and divided into two groups: taxane group receiving “TAC” regimen (123 patients) and nontaxane group receiving “CEF/CAF” regimen (126 patients). A higher pCR rate was achieved with taxane compared with nontaxane NAC (28 vs. 12%) (p = 0.0001). Although taxane addition did not lead to survival advantage for the entire group, significantly better survival rates were achieved for patients who had pCR compared with similar subgroup of patients in nontaxane group. Both the NAC regimens were well tolerable. Conclusion Taxane-based NAC was although costlier than anthracycline-based regimen but was more effective, resulting in a higher pCR rate and an improved survival outcome in patients who achieved pCR.

In this paper, we introduce and study a system of set-valued Cayley type inclusions involving Cayley operator and (H; )-monotone operator in real Banach spaces. We show that Cayley operator associated with the (H; )-monotone operator is Lipschitz type continuous. Using the proximal point operator technique, we have established a fixed point formulation for the system of set-valued Cayley type inclusions. Further, the existence and uniqueness of the approximate solution are proved. Moreover, we suggest an iterative algorithm for the system of set-valued Cayley type inclusions and discuss the strong convergence of the sequences generated by the proposed algorithm. Some examples are constructed to illustrate some concepts used in this paper.