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Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in public relations and media is an emerging interdisciplinary research domain warranting greater attention. This study presents the first bibliometric analysis of recent literature at the nexus of AI, public relations, and media. Publications from 2018-2023 were retrieved from Scopus and analyzed to uncover productivity, impact, collaborations, and topics. Results showed rising annual outputs with over 2000 articles published in 2021, confirming intensifying research activity. Recent publications also demonstrated higher citation impact, indicating their contemporary influence. Prolific authors were predominantly China-based, while the US led overall production. China, Western nations, and India dominated but opportunities exist to improve geographic diversity. Initial activity focused on justifying AI's value, evolving to technical applications for social media analytics, predictive modeling, and content creation. International collaborations centered around Western regions, though China's partnerships increased. This quantitative intelligence provides a benchmark to inform future work in this high-potential domain. Bibliometric monitoring should continue as the discourse progresses. Broader participation from underrepresented stakeholders is needed to responsibly shape AI integration in public relations and media.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of pumpkin seed oil on the embryonic and larval development of Toxocara cati eggs. The eggs were extracted from the uterus of female T. cati worms. For embryonic and larval development, the eggs were suspended with 2.5% formalin-ringer solution maintained at 25°C and 80% humidity. After 35 days of incubation, 83.5% of the eggs developed into larvae. Twenty-five ml of pumpkin seed oil added into each suspension containing eggs and developed larvae, separately. The result showed that the eggs were only developed into two cells stage in rates of 61.9% and 43.2% at the first and fourth week of incubation, respectively. The rate of undeveloped eggs was 35.7% and 56.75% at the first and fourth week, respectively. The effect of pumpkin seeds oil on the second stage developed larvae showed that the rate of live larvae was 38.2% and dead larvae were 61.75% in the first week and 12.8% and 87.17% in the second week. In the control group, 84% of the eggs developed into larvae in the fourth week of the incubation period. The results revealed that pumpkin seed oil has high anthelmintic efficacy against Toxocara cati and it can be used as an effective traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of helminthiases.

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding technique with non-fusible rotary welds. Heat is generated by the friction produced between the weld tool and the two opposite surfaces of the two welded parts and the tool works on mechanical mixing with the presence of heat, pressure, and heat generated, reaching approximately (80-90%) of the melting point of the metal to be welded. In this study, Al 1050 H14 aluminum with a thickness of (6mm) was used for the purpose of welding it by means of the friction stir welding process in a butt welding method to obtain similar welding joints. A set with a square stitching tool Made of alloy steel was used by using a milling machine, with fixed (rotational speed of 1008 rpm and linear velocity of 40mm / min), an inclination angle of (2o), and counterclockwise rotation. The efficiency of welded joints was evaluated through static mechanical tests. Tensile tests, microscopic hardness, and visual examination. The results for all welds showed that the mixing zone (NZ) consists of fine grains of equal axes compared to the base metal. When welding on one side and in one path, the microstructure of HAZ was similar to the base metal. TAMZ was a transition region between HAZ and NZ. As for welding on one side, with two paths and three paths, the structure turned into a fine crystalline structure. By increasing the number of paths per side, the welding efficiency of the welded sample increased as the best efficiency was from one side and three paths (76.215%). Through the results, the tensile strength increases with the increase in the number of paths, as the best tensile strength was obtained when conducting the welding process from one side and by three paths, which is (93.653 MPa). It is equivalent to 76.21% of the tensile strength of the base metal. The hardness value in the weld zone (NZ) is higher than the other two zones (HAZ, TMAZ) due to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization, which results in very fine and equiaxial crystals, but the hardness value in the weld zone remains less than the hardness value of the base metal.

Recently has been observed globally that toxoplasmosis disease was caused by Toxoplasma gondii and generally its asymptomatic infection in people except pregnant women. Many previous studies were suggested this pathogen transmits by ingesting of undercooked or raw meat contaminated with the oocytes of this parasite. The study aimed to show the seroreactivity of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant women and to evaluate association of studied risk factors with infected cases. ELISA technique used for detection of anti-toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM antibodies. A biography form interview for participant was performed to estimate between the risk factors and toxoplasmosis. The present study was carried out from the beginning of October 2018 to the end of March 2019 and included 90 pregnant women visited Akre general hospital. Out of 90 tested samples, 49 (54.46%) and 4 (4.44%) were positive for IgG and IgM respectively. According to residency factor, pregnant women from villages had higher percentages of IgG (57.14%) and IgM (4.08%) than those lived in the city which were recorded 0% and 48.48%of IgM and IgG respectively. A high percentage of IgG (65.64%) and IgM (7.27%) were found among pregnant women with history of miscarriage. Seropositivity for both IgG (61.90 %) and IgM (9.52%) was higher among pregnant women who had cats compared to those without cat. Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG was 9.67% and 54.83% among population who had undercooked meat, while 1.69% and 59.23% were positive for IgM and IgG respectively, in those well cooked meat meal. Highest positive percentage of IgG (77.77%) was recorded at ages 40-50 years while the lowest rate was (40%) at ages

Globally Helicobacter pylori has been defined is the prime reason of stomach ulcer and gastric cancer. Medical laboratory analysis of H. pylori infection is done by two ways invasive and non- invasive methods. Invasive techniques frequently disapproved by patients because it is inconvenient but still remain reliable methods. Among invasive methods, culture is considered as gold standard method from which other methods are compared. A sum of eighty six persons with average of ages between 18-77 years old with mean 37.58 years ± (forty three males , forty three females) who visited to endoscopic center / Azadi Teaching Hospital for endoscopic examination from June to Oct. 2013.From everyone , two antral biopsies, one for urease test, the other for culture were collected. Biographies from each case were taken in a questionnaire form after approval by Research Ethics Committee of the college of medicine / Duhok university. H. pylorus was found in 37.2% and 68% by Culture and Rapid urease test respectively. The biggest value percentage of H. pylori positive cases was detected by rapid urease test while the fewest value percentage was by Culture. Combination of both tests it did not approve as a diagnostic test for detection of this pathogenic bacteria. The study did not detect any statistical correlation on the impact of age factor on H. pylori infection by both methods. In this research appear males were less positive for H. pylori than females by urease test and no such statistical association was noticed count on the sex and Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity via culture. Research never noticed any considerable correlation was found between smoking status and patient's residence with H. pylori positive cases by both methods. This study was performed to estimate the appropriate and better diagnostic tests for diagnosis of H. pylori among various types of samples. Due to the increasing incidence of treatment failure (caused in part by antibiotic resistance), post-treatment testing is recommended to confirm H. pylori eradication. Knowledge of the epidemic and the Routes of transmission of this pathogen are important points to avoid from spreading and may be useful in identifying high-risk populations, especially in areas that have high rates of gastric lymphoma, gastric cancer, and gastric ulcer. The current study concludes (RUT) was superlative than culture for the detection of Helicobacter pylori.

It has been well recognized throughout the world that Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of gastric ulcer and stomach carcinoma. Laboratory diagnosis of H. pylori infection is made by invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive methods require endoscopy which is uncomfortable an unacceptable by the most patients. Therefore, non-invasive methods particularly serological tests are easier and comfortable for patients. A total of 86 patients with ages ranging from 18-77 years old (43 males and 43 females) who were referred to the Duhok Hepatology & Gastroenterology center/Azadi Teaching Hospital for endoscopic examination from June to October, 2013 were enrolled in the study. From each patient 5 ml of blood was collected under a septic condition and sera were separated for serology. Data from each participant were recorded in a special questionnaire form after consent agreed upon on ethical and scientific committee of the Azadi hospital. The efficacy of three different ELISA tests (IgG, IgM, IgA) was assessed taking culture as a gold standard method. pylori was found in 70.93%, 30.23% and 5.81% by ELISA IgG, IgA and IgM tests respectively. The highest percentage (70.93%) of H. pylori positive cases were found by ELISA IgG and the lowest percentage (5.81%) was recorded in ELISA IgM. The study found a significant relationship between age groups and H. pylori positive cases by ELISA IgG in which positive cases increased with the increase of ages. No statistical correlation was found between the sex, smoking status and residency of studied patients with H. pylori infection. A significant correlation was found between patients without endoscopic lesions and positive cases for H. pylori by ELISA IgG in which 75.67% of patients without endoscopic lesions were positive for anti-H. pylori antibodies compared to 41.66% in patients with endoscopic lesions. The efficacy of IgG, IgM and IgA tests was calculated compared with golden standard tests and ELISA IgG characterized by the highest values of sensitivity (75.75%), negative predictive value (36.00%) and accuracy (86.00%) but with lowest specificity (45.00%) and similar positive predictive value (81.96%) with IgM and IgA. The lowest sensitivity was 5.97% and accuracy 25.56% with ELISA Ig M. From the results of the present study we can conclude that among ELISA tests, anti-H. pylori IgG is a reliable serological test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

This study aimed to identify Sarcocystis species isolated from macroscopic sarcocysts of naturally infected sheep and goats using histopathological and molecular studies. A total of 260 macrosarcocyst samples were randomly collected from 1,337 infected sheep and goats slaughtered at different abattoirs in Duhok province, Iraq, from May 2021 to June 2022. The macroscopic cysts, which were found in the esophagus, diaphragm, and abdominal muscles, were classified into fat and thin cysts. Histopathological examination of the observed fat and thin cysts showed a thick eosinophilic wall, several internal septa-forming compartments enclosing numerous bradyzoites, and mild mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltrating around the cysts. The 18 Subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and 28 Subunit ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) genes of Sarcocystis spp. were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 200 macrosarcocysts samples. Molecularly, the DNA sequencing results obtained from fat macrocysts of sheep and goats were found to be identical to Sarcocystis gigantea, and from thin cysts of sheep proved to be similar to Sarcocystis medusiformis, while from thin macrocysts of goats were found to be identical to Sarcocystis moulei. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis observed a very close relationship between identified species of Sarcocystis and other Sarcocystis DNA sequences of sheep and goats across the world. To our knowledge, this is the first histopathological and molecular study for identification of Sarcocystis spp. isolated from different macroscopic forms of sarcocysts of sheep and goats in Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the problems related to stress encountered by Saudi dental students. Methods: One thousand and thirty questionnaires were distributed in four dental schools to all students from 2nd year level up to the internship level. The questionnaire contained 66 items organized into four categories: personal and administrative, theoretical, preclinical and clinical. The relationship between the demographic variables and students’ academic performance with the investigated items was also assessed. Results: The response rate was 53%. Saudi dental students showed high levels of perceived stress. The clinical training issues imposed the highest level of stress on the students. Some significant relationships between the investigated variables and the level of the perceived stress were found. Conclusions: Female students had higher mean overall problem scores compared to male students, and second-year students showed lower perceived problems compared to other students. Keywords: Stress, Dental students, Education, Clinical training

Background: Slums or informal settlements characterize most large cities in LMIC. Previous evidence suggests pharmacies may be the most frequently used source of primary care in LMICs but that pharmacy services are of variable quality. However, evidence on pharmacy use and availability is very limited for slum populations.Methods: We conducted household, individual, and healthcare provider surveys and qualitative observations on pharmacies and pharmacy use in seven slum sites in four countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Pakistan, and Bangladesh). All pharmacies and up to 1200 households in each site were sampled. Adults and children were surveyed about their use of healthcare services and pharmacies were observed and their services, equipment, and stock documented.Results: We completed 7692 household and 7451 individual adults, 2633 individual child surveys, and 157 surveys of pharmacies located within the seven sites. Visit rates to pharmacies and drug sellers varied from 0.1 (Nigeria) to 3.0 (Bangladesh) visits per person-year, almost all of which were for new conditions. We found highly variable conditions in what constituted a "pharmacy" across the sites and most pharmacies did not employ a qualified pharmacist. Analgesics and antibiotics were widely available but other categories of medications, particularly those for chronic illness were often not available anywhere. The majority of pharmacies lacked basic equipment such as a thermometer and weighing scales.Conclusions: Pharmacies are locally and widely available to residents of slums. However, the conditions of the facilities and availability of medicines were poor and prices relatively high. Pharmacies may represent a large untapped resource to improving access to primary care for the urban poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of pumpkin seed oil on embryonic and larval development of Toxocara cati eggs. The eggs were extracted from uterus of female T. cati worms. For embryonic and larval development, the eggs were suspended with 2.5% formalin-ringer solution maintained at 25°C and 80% humidity. After 35 days of incubation, 83.5% of the eggs developed into larvae. Twenty-five ml of pumpkin seed oil added into each suspension containing eggs and developed larvae, separately. The result showed that, the eggs were only developed into two cells stage in rates of 61.9% and 43.2% at first and fourth week of incubation, respectively. The rate of undeveloped eggs was 35.7% and 56.75% at first and fourth week, respectively. The effect of pumpkin seeds oil on second stage developed larvae in showed that, the rate of live larvae was 38.2% and dead larvae was 61.75% at first week and 12.8% and 87.17% at second week. In control group, 84% of the eggs developed into larvae at the fourth week of incubation period. The results revealed that, pumpkin seed oil has a high anthelmintic efficacy against Toxocara cati and it can be used as an effective traditional herbal medicine for treatment of helminthiases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simplified shear-moment interaction model is proposed for the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams without web reinforcement, considering four basic variables (longitudinal steel ratio, concrete strength, shear span to depth ratio and beam size) and verified by existing experimental results. The proposed model shows that shear strength and mode of failure depend on the shear-moment paths followed to bring the beams to failure. This study shows that the variations in the experimental results of shear capacity of slender RC beams ( a / d  2.5 ) defined at the formation of diagonal cracks of beams under the combined action of moment and shear can primarily be explained by the variations of the concrete tensile strength. A design formula based on this shear-moment interaction model is also proposed for shear capacity of slender RC beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: diabetes is well studied in Saudi Arabia; however, there seems to be little research in the area of awareness, education and health care delivery. Objectives: to assess the awareness about diabetes mellitus among attendees of primary health care centers, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative random sample of adult attendees of primary health care centers (diabetic and non-diabetics), Makkah Al-Mokkaramah, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the study period (1-31 November, 2016). An Arabic self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. It includes 31 questions with sections of demographic data, community awareness regarding diabetes definition, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and complications community awareness regarding diabetes prevention. Results: the study included 662 adult patients. Approximately one-third of them (32.2%) aged 60 years or more. Females represent 51.1% of them. More than one-fifth of them (21%) were university graduated whereas 6.3% were illiterates. Prevalence of diabetes among the participants was 33.7% and majority of them (97.9%) had family history of diabetes. The most frequent sources were mass media (57.4%), health sector (29.9%) and educational sector (10.6%). Overall sufficient awareness regarding diabetes mellitus was reported among majority of the participants (91.2%). Among studied factors, only marital status and income were significantly associated with sufficient awareness. Conclusion: population in Makkah AL-Mokkaramah has enough knowledge of the general knowledge of diabetes regarding risk factors, symptoms, etc. However, they are not very well aware of the diabetes associated secondary complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) membrane elements subjected to pure inplane shear stresses at different levels of loading. These elements are shown to fail in four different modes. A model is proposed for the shear capacity of these membrane elements that can be computed by direct simple expressions without the need to any iterative process as is usually the case in existing models. Failure in these membrane elements is generally preceded by the formation of two or more major critical cracks assumed herein to propagate in a direction normal to the principal tensile stresses in the concrete. At each stage of loading, the major critical cracks are shown to open at an optimum angle that corresponds to the least shearing resistance to external loading. Major cracks as well as ultimate shear capacity of RC membrane elements are shown to occur when the contribution of the x-reinforcement to resist shear stresses is equal to that of the y-reinforcement. Experimental results of tests on RC membrane elements subjected to pure inplane shear stresses obtained from literature are used to validate and compare the proposed model with existing models. Examples are provided for the computations of shear capacity by the proposed model for the different modes of failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The active and passive lateral earth pressures against retaining walls under seismic loading are investigated, taking into consideration the variations of internal friction angle ∅ and seismic effect represented by the seismic angle ϑ. This study basically involves the computation of the active and passive lateral earth pressure coefficients, ae kae and kpe, and their coefficients of variation, cov(kae and) cov(kpe, using a first order Taylor's series expansion. The concept of extreme value distributions (maxima and minima) is utilized for evaluating the reliability of these earth pressure coefficients. Design charts are developed for a wide range of granular soils. Examples illustrating the design method based on the usage of the reliability of these coefficients are also presented. Values of load factor utilized in the conventional deterministic approach are correlated with reliability levels; the load factor values vary depending on the importance of the structure and the variations of the design input values as contrasted to the constant value of load factor used in the conventional deterministic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A good social environment is a key strategy to improve the level of education and achievement in medical college students. However, survey data from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia have indicated that a large number of medical students are affected negatively by their social status. This article comparatively explores the impact of four main factors: Social class/Background, Students' Personality, Health Status, and Psychological health on their achievement. Data were collected as part of a program of qualitative and quantitative research investigating the prevalence of bad environment effect on the psychological level of the students. Objectives: To study the four main factors Social class/Background, Students' Personality, Health Status, and Psychological health affecting academic achievement among Female Students at Ibn Sina National College. Methods: The study was conducted among 1315 female students attending colleges of Ibn Sina-Jeddah-Saudi Arabia between 1st of April - 31th of May 2016. An open-ended questionnaire was developed to cover the objectives. Conclusion: After assessment of the factors and variables across the targeted sites about the academic achievement were often conclude that overall achievement were very good regardless the factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]