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As life expectancy increases overall incidence of distal humeral fractures is increasing worldwide. Objectives: To evaluate the results of JESS External fixator in the management of supracondylar fracture with or without intercondylar extension in adults. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on thirty adults in a tertiary care Hospital of eastern India after obtaining permission from Institutional ethical committee and consent of the patients in a time span of one year. JESS external fixator was applied within 3 days of admission. Results: According to AO classification 16 cases has C1 fractures and 14 cases had C2 fractures. Among 16 C1 fractures 10 were open injury and 6 were close injury and among 14 C2 fracture 8 were open injuries and 6 were close fractures. The mean duration of JESS application was 16 week. The mean follow-up was 10 months. The functional outcome was evaluated by use of Cassebaum's functional rating system. C1 closed fractures (6 cases) showed excellent results and C2 closed fractures (6 cases) showed good to fair results. Irrespective of injury pattern (open/ close) among 16 C1 fracture 12 cases (75%) showed excellent to good results and 4 cases(25%) showed fair result in contrast to 14 cases of C2 fracture where only 2(14%) cases showed good result and rest 12 cases(86%) showed fair to poor results. Irrespective of fracture pattern among 12 close fracture 8 cases (67%) showed good to excellent results and 4 case (33%) showed fair results. Among 18 open cases 6 cases (33%) showed good results and 12 cases (67%) showed poor to fair results. Conclusions: JESS-external fixation technique represents a viable option in the management of open as well as close intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel κ3- N, N, O ligands tend to form 1D coordination polymer strands. Deposition of 1D structures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was achieved from diluted solutions and polymer strands have been studied on HOPG by AFM/STM. Single strands were mapped by STM and their electronic properties were subsequently characterized by current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS). Periodic density functional calculations simulating a polymer strand deposited on a HOPG surface are in agreement with the zig-zag structure indicated by experimental findings. Both the observed periodicity and the Zn-Zn distances can be reproduced in the simulations. Van der Waals interactions were found to play a major role for the geometry of the isolated polymer strand, for the adsorption geometry on HOPG, as well as for the adsorption energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poem "River," by Utpal Mitra is presented. First Line: River grows and sways the land; Last Line: Of the past and present.

Seven cases of intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus were treated by a mini-external fixation technique. The average range of motion was 30 degrees to 110 degrees. All fractures united with radiologic and clinical evidence of union at 10-12 weeks. Open wound sites healed in 6 cases. There were no evidence of any nerve palsies.

Low cost multiple flexible Ender's nails can be used in tibial shaft fractures in a non-ideal operating room set-up in India, also because of easy methodology. It is commonly used in femur and humerus but not in tibia. So we made the study in which prospective and consecutive patients were taken based on selection criteria. Forty patients were treated by the technique from August 2004 to May 2006. Twenty-seven patients (67.5%) were male, 28 patients (70%) had fracture type 4-2A of AO classification, 37 patients (92.5%) had acute injuries, delay in surgery by 1-2 weeks in 21 patients (52.5%), 30 patients (75%) had closed nailing, 35 patients (87.5%) needed 2 nails, 36 patients (90%) were operated by antegrade nailing approach and 23 patients (57.5%) had fracture union within 16 weeks. All the patients were evaluated based on pain,range of movement of knee and ankle,shortening and radiological union along with ability to perform daily activities like squatting,sitting cross-legged and the ability to walk. There was excellent result in 34 patients (85%), good in 5 patients (12.5%), fair/poor result in 1 patient (2.5%). The complications observed were soft tissue irritation of the proximal part of tibia due to protruding nail in 5 patients,infection at the entry portal in one patient and non-union in one patient. Ender's nailing can be a safe and alternative method of fixation of fracture shaft of tibia in rural India for poor patients in 'not well set-up'.