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The aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive RP-HPLC method for the determination of usnic acid, as a potential marker substance of the herbal product for oromucosal use being a complex mixture of plant extracts and an essential oil, including the extract of Usnea barbata. Analysis of usnic acid in the tested formulation was performed through an extraction with methanol, prior to injection onto the HPLC column (Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 600 Bar (4.6 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm)). The employed gradient procedure of the solvents (phosphoric acid (pH 2.5) and acetonitrile), at flow rate of 0.1 mL min-1 allowed for the efficient and reproducible separation of usnic acid from the other compounds present in the investigated complex mixture. The established suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy and selectivity/specificity of this assay implied its applicability for the reliable examination in the stability study of the investigated multi-ingredient herbal preparation.

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative coccobacillus, which has been detected in a wide range of animal species, mostly domestic ruminants, but also in wild mammals, pets, birds, reptiles, arthropods (especially ticks), as well as in humans. Although the exposure to domestic animals in rural areas is regarded as the most common cause of the disease in humans, recent studies have shown that the role of pets in the epidemiology of Q fever has been increasingly growing. Although the primary route of infection is inhalation, it is presumed that among animals the infection circulates through ticks and that they are responsible for heterospecifi c transmission, as well as spatial dispersion among vertebrates. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of C. burnetii in ticks removed from stray dogs, as well as to examine the distribution of tick species parasitizing dogs on the territory of Belgrade city. A PCR protocol targeting IS1111 repetitive transposon-like region of C. burnetii was used for the detection of C. burnetii DNA in ticks and the results were confi rmed by sequence analysis. In total, 316 ticks were collected from 51 stray dogs - 40 females (78.43%) and 11 males (21.57%). Three species of ticks were identifi ed: Rhipicephalus s anguineus (72.15%), Ixodes ricinus (27.53%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (0.32%). Out of 316 examined ticks, C. burnetii DNA was detected only in the brown dog tick R. sanguineus, with a total prevalence of 10.53% (24/228) . The high prevalence of C. burnetii in R. sanguineus, which is primarily a dog tick, indicates the importance of dogs in the epidemiology of Q fever in the territory of Belgrade.

The goal of this study was to compare the results of serological and conventional bacteriological methods with the results obtained using multiplex PCR Bruce-ladder assay. Based on the obtained results, the usability of the assay was assessed in regard to rapid diagnosis of canine brucellosis directly from the samples of reproductive organs of infected dogs. Out of 225 blood samples, 33 (14.67%) had a positive agglutination reaction. In this study, out of the 225 assayed reproductive organs of dogs, B. canis was isolated from 3 samples (1.33%), while the PCR Bruce-ladder assay detected two positive samples (0.88%). Two dogs from which B. canis was isolated, an antibody titer of 1/200 was established in blood serums, and third dog from which B. canis was isolated was negative using the tube agglutination test. From a total of 225 assayed organ samples, a positive PCR reaction was obtained from two samples. The obtained results show that the tube agglutination method remains the first choice for the detection of dogs infected with B. canis. In addition, whenever possible, it is necessary to try isolation. It is desirable to attempt the detection of B. canis in tissues using PCR, but the results may not be treated as definitive and reliable.

The aim of the study was to evaluate and adapt the PCR-based protocol that utilizes the developed serotype-specific primers to identify Salmonella enterica species and its serotypes that are most frequently isolated from poultry samples in Vojvodina. Using the slide agglutination test, 64 and 33 out of 107 Salmonella isolates were identified as S. Infantis and S. Enteritidis, respectively, while ten isolates were identified as eight different Salmonella serovars. Using the same isolates, presence of 993-bp (bcfC gene), 636-bp (steB gene) and 293-bp (sdf locus) amplicons in multiplex PCR unambiguously identified 31 isolates as S. Enteritidis. Two isolates identified as Enteritidis in slide agglutination test were not identified as such in PCR-based approach since they both were missing 293-bp long PCR product. Thirty-nine isolates produced a 727-bp amplicon in the specific simplex PCR, and thus were identified as S. Infantis. The greatest discrepancy in comparison to the results of conventional serotyping has been observed in the case of S. Infantis, since 25 more isolates were noted as S. Infantis by conventional serotyping. Seven isolates, with unexpected PCR profiles stayed unidentified by molecular typing, although they were serotyped as S. Typhimurium (1) and S. Infantis (6). S. Gallinarum serovar has to be additionally confirmed, since it shares the same PCR profile with S. Livingstone. Clearly, PCR-based identification has to be thoroughly checked, verified and adapted if it is to be applied as the routine identification protocol.

Introduction. Bacteria isolated from skin, gills, and fish intestines from aquaculture ponds, ornamental fish stores/aquariums and live fish markets were investigated. Materials and Methods. Disk diffusion and E-test were used for susceptibility testing to carbapenems, ureidopenicillins with or without ß-lactamase inhibitor, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, colistin, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol. PCR was used to detect resistance genes in the bacterial isolates. Results and Conclusions. Among the total number of bacteria tested, regardless of the genus and species, 56.7% of isolates were found to be sensitive to all antibiotics, 23.1% of isolates were resistant to one or two antibiotics, and 20.2% of isolates were resistant to three and up to 16 antibiotics. In A. hydrophila isolated from a guppy (Poecilia reticulata) sampled in an ornamental fish store aquarium, 16S rRNA methyltransferase was confirmed by finding the rmtB gene. Pseudomonas isolates showing phenotypic resistance to carbapenems, ureidopenicillins with or without ß-lactamase inhibitor and 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins were tested and found negative for different resistance genes by PCR (MßL, ESBL, KPC, OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-40, OXA-58, VIM, IMP, SPM, GIM, NDM, TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, OXA-1, OXA-9 and the AmpC group, as well as single genes, MOXM, CITM, ACCM, EBCM, FOXM, DHAM). Based on E-test results, three Pseudomonas isolates from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were found to be resistant to colistin with MIC values of 4 μg/mL. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR 31079 and Grant no. III 45017]

For the purpose of precise antibiotic susceptibility testing it is necessary to clearly distinguish Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas genera, considering acquired resistance of Pseudomonas species, as well as the intrinsic resistance of Stenotrophomonas species. This is why in the identification of the 51 isolates originated from fish, the following methods were used: standard PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and MALDI-TOF.

Antimicrobial activity of Usnea barbata especially against bacteria involved in pathogenesis of various skin conditions has been well documented in literature. Nevertheless, there are no papers dealing with formulation of its isolates into topical preparations for treatment of skin infections. In present study, alkyl polyglucoside (APG) - based vehicle was developed as carrier of U. barbata CO2-supercritical extract (U-SE) that demonstrated the best antimicrobial potential in preliminary screening. For comparison, chosen extract in the same concentration and using the same procedure was incorporated into a pharmacopoeial vehicle. Comparative evaluation of physicochemical stability, efficiency and safety proved APG-based vehicle to possess certain preferential features as carrier of U-SE compared to the reference one, composing a topical formulation with potential clinical relevance in treatment of skin infections. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III45017 i br. TR34031]

The objective of this work was to identify isolated Staphylococcus species and to investigate their sensitivity to some antibacterial drugs. The material used for these investigations were Staphylococcus isolates originating from milk samples. A total of 25 strains of Staphylococcus isolates were examined, including 24 from milk samples from cows with mastitis, and one strain was isolated from a milk sample from a cow following treatment for mastitis. For primary identification, catalase and oxidase tests were used, as well as the free coagulase test. Following the preliminary tests, the isolated strains were identified using commercial systems ID32 STAPH (bioMérieux, France) and the BBL Crystal Gram-Positive ID Kit (Becton Dickinson, USA) according to the enclosed instructions. The Staphylococcus isolates were examined for sensitivity to the following: oxacillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim, and vacomycin using the disk diffusion method and the broth microdilution method as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Strandards Institute - CLSI(2003), and the results were interpreted according to CLSI recommendations from 2008 and 2010. Antibiogram disks manufactured by Becton Dickinson (USA) were used, and the broth microdilution method was applied using pure antibiotic substances from different manufacturers: erythromycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, gentamicin, oxacillin, tetracycline (Sigma Aldrich, USA), sulfametoxazol (Fluka, USA), penicillin (Calbiochem, Germany), vancomycin (Abbott laboratories, USA), ciprofloxacin and trimetoprim (Zdravlje A.D., Serbia). All 25 strains were catalase positive and oxidase negative. Of the 25 strains, 19 were coagulase positive and 6 were coagulase negative.With the implementation of the disk diffusion method on 19 strains of S. aureus, 17 were established to be resistant to penicillin (89.5%), and 2 strains to gentamicin (10.5%). The investigation of 3 strains of S. xylosus using the disk diffusion method showed that one strain was resistant to tetracycline (33.3%) and to oxacillin (33.3%), while another strain was found to be resistant to penicillin (33.3%). The third strain of S. xylosus was sensitive to all the examined antibiotics. Two strains of S. simulans and one strain of S. haemolyticus were not found to be resistant to any of the examined antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The implementation of the broth microdilution method yielded in 13 strains of S. aureus resistance to penicillin (68.4%) with MIC values from 0.5 to 4 μg/m, in 2 strains to gentamicin (10.5%) with MIC values of 32 μg/ml, and intermediary sensitivity to chloramphenicol was established in 9 strains of S. aureus (47.4%) with MIC values of 16 μg/ml and to vancomycin in 1 strain of S. aureus (5.3%) with MIC values of 4 μg/ml. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. br 31079]

Antibacterial effects of plant extracts were examined using mixtures of extracts obtained using different technological processes: usnea extract was obtained using the process of supercritical extraction (NKE), angelica extract was obtained through supercritical extraction processes (NKE) and ultrasound extraction using ethanol (UZ), and thyme extract was obtained using the process of hydrodistillation (HD). Mixtures of the listed extracts were examined in various ratios: U (NKE) and T (HD) in a ratio of 1:1, U (NKE) and T (HD) in a ratio of 7:3, U (NKE), T (HD) and A (NKE) in a ratio of 2:2:1, and U (NKE), T (HD) and A (UZ) in a ratio of 2:2:1. The investigations covered 15 strains of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococus, including the strains MRSA, VRE as well as reference strains of S. pyogenes ATCC 19615, S. agalactiae ATCC 27959 and S. aureus ATCC 11632. The antibacterial action of mixes of plant extracts was examined using the microdilution method in bouillon, and the examined mix concentrations were from 1.25 g/mL to 1280 g/mL. The strongest antibacterial effect was exhibited by mixes of usnea (NKE) and thyme (HD) in ratios of 1:1 and 7:3 with obtained MIC values from 5 g/mL to 160 g/mL, but the MIC value of the listed mixtures for the biggest number of strains amounted to 40 g/mL. A somewhat weaker effect was exhibited by the other examined extract mixtures with obtained MIC values of 10 g/mL to 320 g/mL. Based on the obtained MIC values and the results of previous investigations, it can be concluded that the examined mixtures of plant extracts exhibited a very strong antibacterial effect on the examined bacteria strains. .

The resistance of bacteria poses a significant problem everywhere in the world, and consequently in our country as well. The non-critical use of antibacterial medicines in human and veterinary medicine has contributed to the spreading of this resistance. Due to the topical importance of this problem, large numbers of states in the world are financing projects of which the objective is to follow and monitor bacterial resistance. The objective of this investigation was to isolate and identify pathogenic strains of E. coli from piglets with clinically manifest diarrhea and to examine the sensitivity of the isolated strains to a certain number of selected antibiotics. The material for these investigations were parts of intestines (jejunum, ileum) from piglets that died, rectal smears and feces of diseased piglets sampled pig farms in the vicinity of Belgrade. Conventional methods of microbiological diagnostics were used for isolation, and conventional and commercial tests API 20E (bio Merieux, France) were used for identification. Following biochemical identification using hyper immune serums for certain group (O) antigens: (O8, O138, O139, O147, O149, and O157), the serological typization of the strains was carried out. Commercial antiserums: T K88 (F4), K99 (F5), and 987P (F6), Toxigenic E. coli pili antisera, Denka Seiken Co. Ltd. Tokyo, Japan) were used to establish the presence and to identify fimbrial antigens-adhesions through slide agglutination reaction. The sensitivity of the antibiotics to the isolated strains of E. coli was examined using the disc diffusion method according to Kirby Bauer and the microdillution method in bouillon according to CLSI recommendations (2008). Examinations using the microdillution method in bouillon were performed with pure active antibiotic substances: ampicillin, apramycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin (Sigma, USA). A total of 400 E. coli strains were isolated, including 48 E. coli strains that are within the category of pathogenic strains. Out of the total number of pathogenic strains of E. coli, 32 (66.67%) were found to be multi resistant to 3 or more than 3 antibiotics, and 16 (33.33%) pathogenic strains of E. coli were resistant to 2 or 1 of the examined antibiotics. Resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin was established in 89.58% isolated strains of E. coli, and to ciprofloxacin in 37.5% strains. The lowest percentage of resistance to ceftriaxone was established in 4.17% strains of E. coli. The isolated strains of E. coli were also found to be resistant to certain amino glycosides antibiotics. Thus, resistance to apramycin was established in 18.75% strains whose MIC values were higher than 128 µg/mL. Resistance to kanamycin was established in 52.08% strains of E. coli, and in these, 96.00% strains showed MIC kanamycin values of over 256µg/mL. Resistance to the third amino glycosides antibiotic, gentamicin, was established in 33.33% E. coli strains. All the E. coli strains that led to diarrhea in piglets were resistant to at least two antibiotics, and more than 50% strains were found to be resistant to more than 3 antibiotics. It is significant to stress that all isolated strains of E. coli covered by these investigations were sensitive only to amikacyn. .

Investigations of antibacterial effect of supercritical extraction of thyme (TNKE) and thyme extract obtained by hydrodistillation (THD) covered 18 bacteria strains from the genuses Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus, including the strains MRSA, the strains VRE, as well as the reference strains S.pyogenes ATCC 19615, S. agalactiae ATCC 27959, S. aureus ATCC 11632, and S.aureus ATCC 25923. The anibacterial effect of thyme extracts was examined using the microdillution method in bouillon, and the cytotoxic effect of thyme extract was examined on the VERO cell line. The obtained values for MIC THD extract ranged from 160μg/mL to 1280μg/mL for all bacteria strains covered by the investigations. The obtained values for MIC TNKE extract were 1280 μg/mL to 2560 μg/mL for all examined strains except for 1 strain of S. intermedius of 320 μg/mL. The examined extracts revealed a cytotoxic effect on the VERO cell line in concentrations higher than 40 μg/mL.

A total of 1666 samples were examined, of which 512 samples of parenchymatous organs of dead or deliberately sacrtificed animals, 60 samples of non-hatched fertilized eggs, 202 samples of feces, 652 samples of cloacal smears, 221 samples of smears from walls of maintenance objects, incubator stations, and transport vehicles, 19 samples of beddings and shavings. The samples originated from poultry farms and which were taken to a laboratory immediately on sampling and sown the same day. A total of 104 strains of Salmonella were isolated: 94 strains from samples of parenchymatous organs of dead chicks, 1 strain from non-hatched eggs, 3 strains from feces samples, 1 strain from samples of cloacal smears, 4 strains from samples of surface smears of maintenance objects and transport vehicles, and 1 strain from samples of beddings and shavings. Serological typization established the presence of the following serovarieties: Salmonella Enteritidis 79 strains, Salmonella Hartford 17 strains, Salmonella Typohimurium 5 strains, Salmonella Mbandaka 2 strains, and Salmonella Glostrup 1 strain. We examined the sensitivity of Salmonella strains to ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamycin, streptomycin, neomycin, enrofloxacine, norfloxacine, flumequin, erythromycin, lincospectin, colistin, fluorphenicol, and a combination of sulphamethoxasole and trimethoprim. In S. Enteritidis strains, no resistence was established to colistin, fluorphenicol and sulphamethoxasole+trimethoprim, in fact, the sensitivity to these antibiotics and chemotherapeutics was 100%. Prevalence resitence of 0.96%, in only one strain, was established for enrofloxacine. A high prevalence resistence of 33.6% was established for neomycin, while prevalence resistence of 3.86% was established for the related aminoglycozide antibiotic gentamycin. The highest prevalence resistance in S.Hartford strains was established for erythromycin, 15.38%, and streptomycin, 7.6%. Resistence of S. Tyohimurium was established for flumequin and erythromycin in 1.9% strains. No resistance to antibiotics was established in the strains S. Mbandaka and S. Glostrup.

The presence of multiresistance to the effects of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics and extended spectrum beta-lactamase were examined in 45 strains of E. coli and 35 strains of Salmonella. The strains of E. coli originated from several species of domestic animals: dogs, cats, poultry, and cattle, and 30 strains of Salmonella originated from poultry, 4 strains from cattle, and 1 strain from swine. The presence of the following serovarieties was established using serological examinations: Salmonella Enteritidis 17 strains, Salmonella Gallinarum 1 strain, Salmonella Hartford 5 strains, Salmonella Anatum 1 strain, Salmonella Typhimurium 4 strains, Salmonella Agona 1 strain, Salmonella Infantis 1 strain, Salmonella Thompson var. Berlin 1 strain, Salmonella Tennessee 1 strain, Salmonella Senftenberg 1 strain, Salmonella Glostrup 1 strain, and Salmonella Hadar 1 strain. In the examinations of the listed strains we used antibiogram discs of ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, cephalexin, cephtriaxon, cephotaxim, cephtazidime, aztreonam, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cyprofloxacine, and a combination of sulphamethoxasole and trimethoprim. The lowest prevalence of multiresistance in E. Coli strains to 3 or more antibiotics was established in dogs 20%, and the highest in 60% strains originating from swine. In 62.88% strains of Salmonella we established sensitivity to all applied antibiotics. Resistance was also established in a small number of the examined strains to ampicillin (11 strains), to tetracycline (5 strains), to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (5 strains), to sulphamethoxasole with trimethoprim (5 strains), to gentamycin (3 strains), and to cloramphenicol (1 strain). Of all the examined strains of Salmonella, 6 strains originating from poultry exhibited multiresistence. The presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase effects examined using the ESBL test, was not established in strains of E. coli and Salmonella strains.

The examinations covered numerous clinical and referent strain of both bacteria, as well as viruses and fungi. The paper presents only one part of the examinations in which referent strains of E. coli NTCC 8116, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 19086, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 511, Salmonella Choleraeuis ATCC 10653, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 6055 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 were used. The effect of Peral-S in concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% on the listed strain of bacteria was examined using the suspension method at exposition times of 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. Examinations were also performed of the antiviral effects of Peral-S in concentrations of 0.1% to 1% and at exposure times from 30 seconds to 5 minutes on the viruses Aujeszky 257/II, P13, Newcastle virus, Coxackie B6 , Herpes simplex type I. The efficacy of the antiviral effects of Peral-S was checked on tissue cultures MDBK, AUBEK and HEP-2 using the floating technique method. Examinations also covered the fungicidal effect of Peral-S in concentrations of from 0.1% to 1%, and of 3%, 4%, and 5% at exposure times of 5, 15 and 60 minutes and cultures aged 1 to 14 days. The investigations covered fungi from the following genera: Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Mucor spp. Peral-S showed a bactericidal effect on all the examined bacteria strains, in all the applied concentrations and at all exposure times. Peral-S in a concentration of 0.1% and at an exposure time of 30 seconds had a vurcidal effect on all examined viruses. How-ever, there was no fungicidal effect of Peral-S in concentrations of 0.1% to 1% at all expo-sure times on fungi cultures aged from one to 14 days. The preparation did exhibit a fungicidal effect in a concentration of 3% in all examined fungi cultures after 60 minutes of expo-sure, while it exhibited a fungicidal effect in a concentration of 4% after 5 minutes of expo-sure on all examined fungi cultures, regardless of their age.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is the major contaminant of poultry products, and its ability to form biofilms on produced food and poultry farm processing surfaces contributes to Salmonella transmission to humans. Bacteriophages have come under increasing interest for anti- Salmonella biofilm control. In this study, we used the three previously sequenced and described phages UPWr_S1, UPWr_S3, and UPWr_S4 and a phage cocktail, UPWr_S134, containing these three phages to degrade biofilms formed by two S. Enteritidis strains, 327 lux and ATCC 13076, in vitro. It was found that treatment with bacteriophages significantly reduced biofilm on a 96-well microplate (32–69%) and a stainless steel surface (52–98%) formed by S. Enteritidis 327 lux. The reduction of biofilm formed by S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076 in the 96-well microplate and on a stainless steel surface for bacteriophage treatment was in the range of 73–87% and 60–97%, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, an experimental model utilizing poultry drinkers artificially contaminated with S. Enteritidis 327 lux and treated with UPWr_S134 phage cocktail was applied. In in vitro trials, the phage cocktail significantly decreased the number of Salmonella on the surface of poultry drinkers. Moreover, the phage cocktail completely eradicated Salmonella from the abundant bacterial load on poultry drinkers in an experimentally infected chickens. Therefore, the UPWr_S134 phage cocktail is a promising candidate for Salmonella biocontrol at the farm level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel impregnation process for the fabrication of cotton nanocomposite with strong antimicrobial activity against antibiotics‐resistant bacteria and yeast was developed. The impregnation process includes the sol–gel treatment of fabric with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in the first step, and synthesis of the CuO/Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) on the fabric surface in the second step. The in situ synthesis of the CuO/Cu2O NPs was based on the adsorption of Cu2+‐ions by the introduced amino groups of the sol–gel coating. The adsorbed Cu2+‐ions are subsequently reduced in the alkaline solution of NaBH4. X‐ray diffraction measurements confirmed the formation of CuO/Cu2O NPs. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry analyses indicate that the particle size, agglomeration, and amounts of synthesized NPs were highly affected by the initial concentration of CuSO4 solution. The toxicity of nanocomposites to human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ATCC BAA 2469, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA 2146, and Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 43300 and yeast Candida albicans ATCC 24433 strongly depended on the copper content. In addition to excellent antimicrobial activity, controlled release of Cu2+‐ions from the fabrics into physiological saline solution was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the possibility of fabrication of textile nanocomposites with antimicrobial activity against antibiotics-resistant bacterial strains and yeast. Modification of cotton fabric with oxalic acid solutions of different concentrations provided free carboxyl groups for binding of Cu2+ -ions from copper (II) sulfate solution which were further reduced with sodium borohydride in alkaline solution. An increase in the concentration of applied oxalic acid resulted in larger amounts of free carboxyl groups on the cotton fibers, Cu2+ -ions uptake and total amounts of Cu-based nanoparticles after reduction. XPS and XRD analyses suggested that nanoparticles mainly consisted of CuO with fractions of Cu2O. Fabricated textile nanocomposites ensured maximum reduction of Gram-negative E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli NCTC 13846, E. coli ATCC BAA-2469, K. pneumoniae ATCC-BAA 2146 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus ATCC 43300 and yeast C. albicans ATCC 24433. Additionally, controlled release of Cu2+ -ions from fabrics into the physiological saline solution was obtained within 24 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Veterinary Medicine / Arhiv Veterinarske Medicine is the property of Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chemical Industry / Hemijska Industrija is the property of Association of Chemical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two new platinum(IV) complexes (1, trifluoperazinehydrochloride-aquapentachloridoplatinate(IV) and2, chlorpromazine-chlorpromazinehydrochloridepentachloridoplatinate(IV)) were synthesized in the reaction of K2[PtCl6] with trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (TF·2HCl) or chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CP·HCl). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurement, and spectral (IR,1H,13C, 2D1H–13C heteronuclear correlation spectra,195Pt NMR, and MS) methods. Outer-coordination sphere was proposed for1; while in2, the ligand was coordinated to the metal. The complexes exhibit antibacterial effect on strains ofBacillus subtilis,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus pumilus, and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcias Gram-positive bacteria and anEscherichia colias Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the reference strains. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Oleum Hyperici, the oil extract of St. John's Wort (SJW), is one of the oldest folk remedies, traditionally used in the topical treatment of wounds, bruises, ulcers, cuts, burns, hemorrhoids and also as an antiseptic. Considering the advantageous characteristics of emulsion applications, in the present study we have formulated three O/W creams containing 15% (w/v) of SJW oil extract as an active ingredient. The aim was to estimate dermatological application of the prepared creams for the abovementioned indications. The extracts were prepared according to the prescriptions from traditional medicine, however with different vegetable oils used as an extractant, namely: Olive, palm and sunflower oil. The investigated O/W creams demonstrated significant antiinflammatory effects in an in vivo double-blind randomized study, using a sodium lauryl sulphate test. Both skin parameters assessed in the study (electrical capacitance and erythema index), were restored to the baseline value after a seven-day treatment with the tested creams. Almost all investigated SJW oil extracts and corresponding creams displayed the same antimicrobial activity against the most of the investigated microorganisms with obtained minimal inhibitory concentrations values of 1,280 μg/mL, 2,560 μg/mL or >2,560 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Isolation of carrot fruit (Daucus carrota L., cultivar “Chanteney”) essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated from the pretreatment of herbaceous matrix and extraction conditions to the chemical composition of obtained extract and its antimicrobial activity. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the supercritical extract, as well as of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, were done by GC/FID and GC/MS methods. Antimicrobial properties of both samples were investigated against ten species of microorganisms. Experimental results showed that the particle size had no influence on the extraction process. The highest yield was obtained at 40°C and 10MPa. The main component of the supercritical extract, as well as of the essential oil was carotol. The supercritical extract was characterized by the presence of heavier molecular weight compounds, while some lighter compounds, e.g. pinenes, were not detected. The supercritical extract and the essential oil were the most effective against Gram-positive bacteria. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this study was continuous monitoring of the presence of mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes in Enterobacterales isolated from cattle, pigs, and domestic poultry at intensive breeding facilities in Northern Vojvodina, Serbia, from 1 January 1 to 1 October 2020. Out of 2167 examined samples, mcr-1 was observed in five E. coli isolates originating from healthy turkeys. Four isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group B1, and one isolate to the phylogenetic group A. Detected E. coli serogenotypes (somatic O and flagellar H antigens) were O8:H25 and O29:H25. Core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) revealed three ST58 isolates clustering together in Clonal Complex (CC) 155 and two singletons of ST641-CC86 and ST410-CC23, respectively. Clonotyping revealed CH4-32 (n = 3), CH6-53 (n = 1) and CH4-24 (n = 1). In all isolates, the mcr-1 gene was located on a large IncX4 replicon type plasmid. Eight virulence-associated genes (VAGs) typical of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) (fyuA, fimH, hlyF, iss, ompT, sitA, traT, iroN) were detected in four isolates. These isolates were investigated for susceptibility to four biocides and revealed MIC values of 0.125% for glutardialdehyde, of 0.00003–0.00006% for chlorohexidine, of 4–6% for isopropanol and of 0.001–0.002% for benzalkonium chloride. All obtained MIC values of the tested biocides were comparable to the reference strain, with no indication of possible resistance. This is the first report of mcr-1.1-carrying E. coli from Serbia. Although only samples from turkeys were mcr-positive in this study, continuous monitoring of livestock samples is advised to prevent a spill-over from animals to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Novel molecular techniques applied in biotechnology research have provided sound evidence on clonal persistence of distinct serovars of Salmonella in feed factory environments, over long periods of time (months, even years), which can be responsible for repeated inhouse contamination of final products. In this study, we examined the possibility of clonal persistence of isolates of three Salmonella serovars that have been repeatedly identified in animal feed samples from three feed factories throughout a two-year period. Methodology: The isolates Salmonella enterica serovars Tennessee (n = 7), Montevideo (n = 8), and Infantis (n = 4) were tested for genetic diversity using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multicellular behavior patterns by applying the Congo red agar test. Results: SpeI and XbaI macro-restriction profiles indicated that isolates S. Montevideo and S. Infantis were identical, whereas isolates of S. Tennessee demonstrated greater genetic diversity, although the genetic differences did not exceed 10%. All Salmonella serovars demonstrated the ability to produce predominant matrix compounds essential for biofilm formation, curli fimbriae and cellulose. Conclusions: The identification of identical clones of S. Montevideo and S. Infantis, as well as the minor genetic diversity of S. Tennessee, which have been repeatedly isolated from animal feed in three production plants throughout a two-year period, indirectly suggests the possibility of their persistence in feed factory environments. Their ability to express the key biofilm matrix components further supports this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oleum Hyperici, the oil extract of St. John's Wort (SJW), is one of the oldest folk remedies, traditionally used in the topical treatment of wounds, bruises, ulcers, cuts, burns, hemorrhoids and also as an antiseptic. Considering the advantageous characteristics of emulsion applications, in the present study we have formulated three O/W creams containing 15% (w/v) of SJW oil extract as an active ingredient. The aim was to estimate dermatological application of the prepared creams for the abovementioned indications. The extracts were prepared according to the prescriptions from traditional medicine, however with different vegetable oils used as an extractant, namely: Olive, palm and sunflower oil. The investigated O/W creams demonstrated significant antiinflammatory effects in an in vivo double-blind randomized study, using a sodium lauryl sulphate test. Both skin parameters assessed in the study (electrical capacitance and erythema index), were restored to the baseline value after a seven-day treatment with the tested creams. Almost all investigated SJW oil extracts and corresponding creams displayed the same antimicrobial activity against the most of the investigated microorganisms with obtained minimal inhibitory concentrations values of 1,280 µg/mL, 2,560 µg/mL or >2,560 µg/mL.