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Saline and drought conditions are the biggest threats to plant species around the world. The rice crop is one of the most important crops worldwide. Therefore, the Giza 179 rice variety was released in the 2013 season as an earlymaturing, high-yielding variety that is adapted and mitigated to drought and saline soils. This new variety was produced by crossbreeding between GZ6296-12-1-2-1-1 and GZ 1368-5-S-4 in the 2001 season. The first generation, "F1," of this cross was evaluated in the 2002 season and planted as the F2 generation in the 2003 season. Sequentially, the next generations from F3 to F6 were evaluated in the pedigree trails during the 2004-2007 seasons under code number GZ 9057. Two promising sister lines, GZ 9057-6-1-3-1 and GZ 9057-6-1-3-2, were selected and evaluated in a preliminary yield trail at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The results revealed that the promising line GZ 9057-6-1-3-2 (Giza 179) surpassed all selected lines. Accordingly, the line GZ 9057-6-1-3-2 was evaluated from 2009 to 2011 and used as a check variety up to the 2022 seasons in multi-location yield trails at Sakha, Gemmiza, and Zarzoura as normal conditions and El-Sirw as saline conditions in regional, final, and verification yield trails. The GZ 9057-6-1-3-2 (Giza 179) recorded 10.47 t/ha for grain yield with a total duration of 122-125 days under normal conditions and 7.000-7.200 t/ha under saline conditions at El-Sirw Agricultural Research Station, while Giza 178 recorded 9.75 t/ha during the same seasons under normal conditions with a total duration of 135 days. Furthermore, the Giza 179 variety showed a high level of blast resistance in blast nursery and trap varieties in the field and artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. The results from PCR analysis for the Giza 179 with their parents showed that the proximity matrix was 89.8% between Giza 179 and GZ6296 and 71.1% between Giza 179 and GZ1368. Finally, it is an excellent new cultivar to be released and recommended for cultivation in the different rice-growing governorates, particularly in areas suffering from water shortages and saline soils in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is one of the biggest threats to plant species around the world. As one of the most important crops worldwide, rice is an awfully climate-sensitive agro-ecosystem. Therefore, Giza 183 will be released in 2023 as a high-yielding variety that has been adapted to mitigate climate change. This new variety is the product of cross-breeding between Giza 178 and SKC 23893 in 2010. The first generation, "F1," of this cross was evaluated in 2011 and planted as the F2 generation in 2012. Sequentially, the next generations from F3 to F6 were evaluated in the pedigree trails from 2013 to 2016, under cross number "GZ 10848." Five promising sister lines of GZ 10848 were selected and evaluated in the preliminary yield trail (GZ 10848-1-2-2-1, GZ 10848-1-2-2-2, GZ 10848-1-2-4-5, GZ 10848-1-2-5-3, and GZ 10848-1-2-5-6). The results revealed that the promising line GZ 10848-1-2-2-1 "Giza 183" surpassed all selected lines. Accordingly, Giza 183 was evaluated from 2017 to 2022 in multi-location yield trails at Sakha, Gemmiza, and Zarzoura as normal conditions and El-Sirw as saline conditions, as well as in regional, final, and verification yield trails. The evaluation resulted in a significant superiority of the yield of Giza 183 over Giza 178, with shorter growth duration and blast resistance. The new variety grain yield recorded 10.88, 10.47, 11.30, 10.60, and 10.70 t/ha during the 2017 to 2022 seasons under normal conditions, respectively, with a total duration of 122 days. while the grain yield for Giza 178 was recoded at 10.50, 10.54, 9.90, 10.00, 9.80, and 10.30 t/ha during the same seasons and conditions, with a total duration of 135 days. Furthermore, Giza 183 exhibited a higher yield than Giza 178 as a salt tolerance check variety at a rate of 0.800-0.160 t/ha under saline conditions at El-Sirw Agricultural Research Station in different years of evaluation. Giza 183 showed a high level of blast resistance in blast nursery and trap varieties in the field and artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Finally, the new rice variety Giza 183 is resistant to stem borer and has high grain quality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tow-season field investigation was conducted at The Experimental Farm of RRTC (Rice Research & Training Center), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during 2018 and 2019 to examine the impact of nano phosphatic fertilizer utilization on the performance of four Egyptian rice varieties. The selected tested varieties were Sakha106, Sakha107, Giza177, and Giza179. The phosphorus fertilizer treatments included superphosphate (15% P2O5) as a soil application, nano-phosphorus as a foliar application, superphosphate as a foliar application and control (distilled water). Superphosphate was incorporated into the soil at the rate of 36 kg ha-1 for the first treatment. Nano-phosphorus (1%) and superphosphate (2%) were sprayed at 35 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT) for the second and third treatments. The application of phosphorus fertilizers increased the number of tillers per m², the number of branches per panicle, filled grains number per panicle, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (t ha-1) and straw yield (t ha-1) for al tested rice varieties. Superphosphate soil application and a foliar application of nano phosphorus to Giza 179 surpassed the other plural in terms of grain and straw yields in both seasons. Application of phosphorus as superphosphate or nano-phosphorus enhanced grain quality characteristics as well as nitrogen and phosphorus content in milled grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This investigation was carried out in the experimental farm and the grain quality laboratory of the Rice Research and Training Center, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt to determine the grain quality characteristics as well as the nutritional value after milling of three Egyptian rice genotypes (Oryza sativa) under foliar treatment with different stimulating compounds. A tow-year field experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four replications in the 2017 and 2018 rice growing seasons. Rice genotypes were allocated in the main plot and stimulating compounds in the subplot. After harvesting, 150-gram from each plot was taken to study the following characteristics: hulling, milling, head rice, gelatinous temperature, kernel elongation, amylose content, protein content, carbohydrate content, lipids content, ash, phosphorus, potassium and energy composition. There were significant differences for most of the studied characteristics caused by genotype, stimulating compound and the interaction between the two factors. The results revealed that the grain quality characteristics and the nutritional value of Egyptian rice genotypes can be enhanced by the application of some stimulating compounds such as amino acids and NPK compound fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research was conducted to study the influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients as well as antioxidant on rice quality. The experiment was designed in split-split plots with four replications, where main plots were assigned to nitrogen (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N ha-1) and sub plots were allocated to compost (0, 3.5 and 7 tons ha-1), while the sub-sub plots were assigned to ascobien (control, spraying with ascobien in two times at 15 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT), spraying with ascobien three times at 15, 30 and 45 DAT). The result indicated that grain quality traits were significantly influenced by the organic and inorganic fertilizers, and ascobien. The percentage of hulling, milling and amylose were positively and significantly influenced by nitrogen, organic and antioxidants application. Most of studied characters produced the highest values with the organic fertilize were combined with nitrogen and antioxidants. Application of 110 kg N ha-1, 7 t ha-1 compost and two or three spraying of ascobien, 110 kg N ha-1 or 3.5 t ha-1 compost and three times spraying and 55 kg N ha-1, 7 t ha-1 compost and two times spraying could be recommended for optimum grain quality of Sakha106 rice variety. It can be concluded that compost along with the foliar application of ascobien can be saved from 50 to110 kg N ha-1, without reducing grain quality. It can be the key to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and decrease the cost of production with keeping healthy soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated agronomic and yield characters, proximate and mineral composition, and functional properties of some rice varieties [Black Rice (BR), Egyptian Yasmine Rice (EYR) and Egyptian Hybrid Rice1(EHR1)]. Results showed that yield attributes characters were significantly varied among the three varieties. There were highly significant differences among the mean values of all cultivars under study regarding all agronomic and yield characters under study in the two seasons. Rice cultivars were significantly differed in all grain quality and cooking characters in the two seasons. Rice varieties have amylose content ranged from 18.06 to 21.48%. Results showed that BR has the highest protein content among the tested rice varieties (10.5%). From results, it is clear that EYR, EHR1 and BR could be considered as good sources of Fe, Mg and Zn in relative to the recommended daily dietary allowances (for children aged 6-59 months). Rice has good functional properties which enhance the nutritional quality of its products. Tortilla chips prepared from BR has the highest protein content (10.6%) while tortilla chips prepared from EHR1 has the lowest protein content (6.75%). In addition, EYR-tortilla chips have the highest overall acceptability score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-year experiment was conducted in the greenhouse in cement sinks with an area of 7.5 m² each during 2012 anp 2013 seasons. The saline and sodic soils were brought from original soil in El-Sirw and Port Said with EC of 8 ds m-1and pH 9.5 for saline and sodic soil, respectively. The main objective of the present research was to study the performance of four rice cultivars, i.e. Giza177, Giza178, Sakha104 and Egyptian hybrid rice 1 (EHR1) under saline and sodic conditions compared to normal conditions. A split plot design in a randomized complete block arrangement was used with three replications. The sodicity and salinity of soil were weekly measured and readjusted by adding the solution of sodium chloride + calcium chloride and sodium carbonate + sodium bicarbonate to keep the tested levels. Those cultivars markedly varied in their performance under elaborated stress conditions. Giza 177 was the worst under both stresses. Sakha104 could be characterized as moderately tolerant, while EHRl was the most recognized tolerant cultivar for both stresses followed by Giza178. On the other hand, EHRl gave the largest leaf area index, large flag leaf, high dry matter production, high chlorophyll content, and high values of grain yield and most yield attributes. However, the tolerant cultivars recorded low k+/Na+ ratio but recorded the highest values compared to the most sensitive one (Giza177). The tested salt stress significantly affected rice growth and yield in both seasons, while the harmful effect of sodicity condition was less than that induced by saline stress. It could be concluded that rice crop is sensitive to saline conditions and moderately tolerant for sodic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important cereal crop that is affected by sowing date and some cultural practices. A two-year experiment was conducted at the Farm of Sakha Agric. Res. Stn., Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during 2012 and 2013 growing season to study the effect of sowing date (20th of April, 10th of May and 1st of June) and the leaf clipping (without clip (Cl), clip flag leaf (C2), clip flag leaf plus second upper leaf (C3) and clip flag leaf plus second and third upper leaves (C4) on grain yield of 12 rice genotypes. The main objective was to study the role of flag, 2nd and 3rd leaf on yield and yield characteristics of some rice genotypes under different sowing dates. The highest number of filled grains panicle-1, panicle length (cm), number of primary branches panicle-1, plant height (cm), number of effective tillers hill-1, and grain yield ha-1 were recorded at May 10th plantings which was significantly superior to those of April 20th and June 1st plantation. Genotype, GZ 9461-4-2-3-1 produced the maximum grain yield across leaf removal treatments (8.14 and 8.53 t ha-1 in 2012 and 2013 seasons, respectively). Treatments of C2, C3 and C4 resulted in an average decreases in grain yield by 23.2, 30.6 and 42.8 %, respectively compared to Cl. Interaction among sowing date, rice genotype and leaf clipping had a significant effect on grain yield in the first season. However, the highest grain yield was obtained by GZ 9461-4-2-3-1, sown on May 10th without clipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to identify the differences among various aromatic rice genotypes in growth and yield as well as the characterization of bran oil and hull volatile constituents of both Egyptian Jasmine and Giza177 rice varieties under Egyptian condition. Six different rice genotypes namely; Egyptian Jasmine, IR74052-177-3-3, IR74053-144-2-3, Basmati 370 and PR26679-PI 3-1 Giza 177 as a check variety were transplanted at the experimental farm of RRTC during the rice growing seasons 2012 and 2013. Randomize complete block design with four replications was used. The main results revealed that the rice genotypes differed significantly (P<0.05) with respect to agronomic studied characters under study. Egyptian Jasmine surpassed most of the other tested genotypes in these characters, while the check variety Giza177 recorded the lowest values of plant height, duration and number of panicle m-2. Giza177 produced the longest panicle with highest number of its branches and the highest number of filled grains panicle-1 with the lowest sterility % consequently produced the greatest grain yield t ha-1. Chemical-physical parameters of Egyptian Jasmine and Giza177 rice varieties bran oil were characterized. The free fatty acid, peroxide value, Saponification number and iodine value were recorded as 3.1% (as Oleic acid), 4.55 (meq O2/kg oil), 185.1 (mg KOH/g oil) and 92.64 (g I2/100 g oil), respectively. γ-oryzanol is an important component in rice bran oil, it occurs in Egyptian Jasmine rice bran oil at a high level up to 1.8%, where it serves as a natural antioxidant. Data also showed that Egyptian Jasmine rice bran oil had higher RSA and oxidative stability 59.23% and 22.86 h, respectively than Giza177 rice bran oil. The fatty acid profile of Giza177 rice bran oil showed palmitic acid (20.02%), stearic acid (1.95%), oleic acid (45.99%), linoleic acid (28.07%) and linolenic acid (1.40%) as major fatty acids. Results revealed that Egyptian Jasmine rice bran oil had higher oleic acid content and lower linoleic acid content than Giza177 rice bran oil. Percentage of hull constituents of Egyptian Jasmine was markedly higher than in hull of Giza 177. Moreover, the same trend was observed with total phenol content (TCP) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Generally, the increase of total phenolic content led to an increase in DPPH %, this result led to an increase of anti-oxidant activity in rice hulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]