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Organic materials possessing multiple functional properties such as aggregation induced emission, mechanochromism and acidochromism are rare. In this paper we demonstrate the design of polyfunctional materials using the aggregation quenching chromophore, pyrene. The pyrene derivatives possessing 2,3,3‐triphenylacrylonitrile as aggregation induced emission chromophore and phenanthroimidazole or N‐phenylcarbazole as auxiliary electron‐rich chromophore are designed, synthesized by Suzuki coupling reactions and characterized as aggregation induced emissive mechanochromic materials. Though all the dyes exhibit aggregation induced emission, the dyes containing para‐linked 2,3,3‐triphenylacrylonitrile and auxiliary chromophore such as phenanthroimidazole or N‐phenylcarbazole display mechanochromism. Additionally, the phenanthroimidazole containing dyes show acidochromism attributable to the protonation of phenanthroimidazole moiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phishing websites have become a significant cybersecurity threat, hosting malware and exploiting users by mimicking popular sites. Victims suffer financial loss, compromised privacy, and damaged reputation. Urgent solutions are needed to mitigate these threats promptly. Our goal is to develop a Chrome extension that utilizes machine learning and deep learning techniques to identify phishing websites and alert users when they visit such sites. When a user opens a website in their browser, the extension operates in the background. If the website is recognized as phishing, a pop-up box with an 'OK' button informs the user. If the website is not flagged as phishing, no action is taken. We employed machine learning algorithms (such as Random Forest) and a Single Layer Perceptron for training the model. The browser extension is written in JavaScript, and its JavaScript file extracts URL features like browser popups, use of frames, and shortening services. The algorithm then determines whether the website is legitimate or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with perforation peritonitis present in the Emergency Department with various causes, but bowel perforation is the most frequent cause. These patients often arrive late at tertiary centres, resulting in severe peritoneal contamination and septic shock. Therefore, preoperative peritoneal drain placement provides adequate drainage and better outcomes in such cases. Aim: To compare various clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with perforation peritonitis before and after the placement of a peritoneal drain, prior to any definitive surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College in Karnal, Haryana, India, from October 2022 to June 2023. All cases of perforation peritonitis that were critically-ill or in shock upon presentation in the emergency department were planned for intraperitoneal drain placement before definitive surgery. A total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study, and their clinical parameters (temperature, pulse rate, SpO2, and urine output) and laboratory parameters (such as leucocyte count, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++), pH, base excess, bicarbonate values, lactate, Random Blood Sugar (RBS), and haematocrit) were compared before and 24 hours after drain placement. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.03±18.06 years, and 116 (82.85%) of the cases were male. The most common comorbid condition was pulmonary disease {Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disese (COPD)/Asthma}, diagnosed in 96 (86.57%) cases. The most common perforation site was duodenal, followed by gastric and ileal, observed in 65 cases (46.42%), 23 (16.34%) cases, and 21 (15%) cases, respectively. There was a significant improvement in clinical parameters such as temperature, pulse rate, Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2 ), and urine output after drain placement (p-value <0.001). There was also an improvement in laboratory parameters including leucocyte count, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++), pH, base excess, and bicarbonate values (p-value <0.001). The mortality rate was 20%, with 28 cases resulting in death. Conclusion: Although preoperative intraperitoneal drain placement is not a standard surgical procedure for patients with perforation peritonitis, it resuscitates and stabilises the patient, thereby helping in reducing morbidity and mortality postoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodic maintenance of stack aviation lamps was taken up in the Compact Reprocessing of Advanced Fuels in Lead Cells reprocessing plant in Kalpakkam. The entire ventilation system of the plant had to be shut down during this maintenance work. When the ventilation system is switched off, natural radioactivity will build up in the working environment. The increased magnitude of the natural radioactivity concentration was estimated by counting the air samples (AS) at predetermined intervals to ensure no long-lived radionuclide (LLR) was present in the AS. The extent of the natural radioactivity rose to a factor of 100, and no LLR was present in the collected AS. In addition, the collected AS and data analysis of the same revealed that there was no breach of containment during the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogeneous liquid‐phase oxidation of a number of aromatic and aliphatic olefins was examined using dinuclear anionic vanadium dioxido complexes [(VO2)2(salLH)]− (1) and [(VO2)2(NsalLH)]− (2) and dinuclear copper complexes [(CuCl)2(salLH)]− (3) and [(CuCl)2(NsalLH)]− (4) (reaction of carbohydrazide with salicylaldehyde and 4‐diethylamino salicylaldehyde afforded Schiff‐base ligands [salLH4] and [NsalLH4], respectively). Anionic vanadium and copper complexes 1, 2, 3, and 4 were isolated in the form of their hydronium ion salt, which is rare. The molecular structure of the hydronium ion salt of anionic dinuclear vanadium dioxido complex [(VO2)2(salLH)]− (1) was established through single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The chemical and structural properties were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, both dinuclear vanadium dioxido complexes were applied for the oxidation of a series of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes. High catalytic activity and efficiency were achieved using catalysts 1 and 2 in the oxidation of olefins. Alkenes with electron‐donating groups make the oxidation processes easy. Thus, in general, aromatic olefins show better substrate conversion in comparison to the aliphatic olefins. Under optimized reaction conditions, both copper catalysts 3 and 4 fail to compete with the activity shown by their vanadium counterparts. Irrespective of olefins, metal (vanadium or copper) complexes of the ligand [salLH4] (I) show better substrate conversion(%) compared with the metal complexes of the ligand [NsalLH4] (II). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three pyrazole derivatives, 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (DMPz) (I), 3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole (MPPz) (II), and 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole (DPPz) (III), were prepared via reacting semicarbazide hydrochloride with the acetylacetone, 1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione, and 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione, respectively. Complexes 1–3 were isolated by reacting CuCl2·2H2O with I–III, respectively, and characterized by CHNS elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, EPR spectra, and TGA/DTA. Molecular structures of the pyrazole derivatives I–III and copper(II) complexes 2 and 3 were studied through single-crystal XRD analysis to confirm their molecular structures. Overlapping of hyperfine splitting in the EPR spectra of the dimeric copper(II) complexes 1–3 indicates that both copper centers do not possess the same electronic environment in solution. The copper(II) complexes are dimeric in solid state as well as in solution and catalyze the oxidation of various primary and secondary alcohols selectively. Catalysts 1–3 show more than 92% product selectivity toward ketones during the oxidation of secondary alcohols. Surprisingly primary alcohols, which are relatively difficult to oxidize, produce carboxylic acid as a major product (48%–90% selectivity) irrespective of catalytic systems. The selectivity for carboxylic acid rises with decreasing the carbon chain length of the alcohols. An eco-friendly and affordable catalytic system for oxidation of alcohols is developed by the utilization of H2O2, a green oxidant, and water, a clean and greener solvent, which is a notable aspect of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scrape cellblock (SCB) is a novel technique to suggest possible primary site in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from the liver, lung, and lymph nodes which are the common sites of metastasis of many primary tumors. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on SCB averts the need of more invasive diagnostic procedures and gives a conclusive diagnosis. We present a series of four cases with unknown primary site, in which ICC was done on SCB to suggest possible primary site. Three of them were liver space-occupying lesions (SOL) and one from the periportal lymph node. In all four cases, wet-fixed smear for hematoxylin and eosin stain was prepared as routine procedure. FNAC was reported as metastatic adenocarcinoma in two and metastatic spindle cell neoplasm in one liver SOL. Periportal node was reported metastatic adenocarcinoma. Two hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from each case with higher cellularity were used to scrape off the material to prepare SCB. ICC was put which gave conclusive diagnosis in all the cases. On ICC, two cases of metastatic carcinoma in the liver were diagnosed as metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasm from Gastrointestinal Tract and metastatic adenocarcinoma from the stomach. Spindle cell neoplasm of the liver was diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor from the stomach. Pancreatic head mass in metastatic periportal node was confirmed later by radiologic examination. SCB is a useful technique to make the best use of available material where reaspiration is difficult. ICC on SCB is of maximum utility to suggest possible primary sites in metastatic cases with unknown primary or where biopsy of the lesion is not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two vanadium (IV) complexes [VIVO(Haeae‐sal)(MeOH)]+ (1) and [VIVO(Haeae‐hyap)(MeOH)]+ (2) were prepared by reacting [VO(acac)2] with ligands [H2aeae‐sal] (I) and [H2aeae‐hyap] (II) respectively. Condensation of 2‐(2‐aminoethylamino)ethanol with salicylaldehyde and 2‐hydroxyacetophenone produces the ligands (I) and (II) respectively. Both vanadium complexes 1 and 2 are sensitive towards aerial oxygen in solution and rapidly convert into vanadium(V) dioxido species. Vanadium(V) dioxido species crystalizes as the dimeric form in the solid‐state. Single‐crystal XRD analysis suggests octahedral geometry around each vanadium center in the solid‐state. To access the benefits of heterogeneous catalysis, vanadium(V) dioxido complexes were anchored into the polymeric chain of chloromethylated polystyrene. All the synthesized neat and supported vanadium complexes have been studied by a number of techniques to confirm their structural and functional properties. Bromoperoxidase activity of the synthesized vanadium(V) dioxido complexes 3 and 4 was examined by carrying out oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde and oxidation of thioanisole. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, 3 shows 94.4% conversion (TOF value of 2.739 × 102 h−1) and 4 exhibits 79.0% conversion (TOF value of 2.403 × 102 h−1) for the oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde where 5‐bromosalicylaldehyde appears as the major product. Catalysts 3 and 4 also efficiently catalyze the oxidation of thioanisole in the presence of hydrogen peroxide where sulfoxide is observed as the major product. Covalent attachment of neat catalysts 3 and 4 into the polymer chain enhances substrate conversion (%) and their catalytic efficiency increases many folds, both in the oxidative bromination and oxidation of thioether. Polymer supported catalysts 5 displayed 98.8% conversion with a TOF value of 1.127 × 104 h−1 whereas catalyst 6 showed 95.7% conversion with a TOF value of 4.675 × 103 h−1 for the oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde. These TOF values are the highest among the supported vanadium catalysts available in the literature for the oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schiff base-functionalized chloromethylated polystyrenes, PS-[Ae-Eol] (I), PS-[Hy-Eda] (II) and PS-[HyP-Eda] (III), were synthesized by reacting 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol (Ae-Eol), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (Hy-Eda), and N-(2-hydroxpropyl)ethylenediamine (HyP-Eda) with oxidized chloromethylated polystyrene. Oxidized chloromethylated polystyrene (PS-CHO) was prepared by oxidation of chloromethylated polystyrene (PS) with sodium bicarbonate in DMSO. By reacting DMSO solution of [VO(acac)2] with polymer-anchored Schiff base ligands I, II, and III, vanadium(IV) complexes PS-[VIVO(Ae-Eol)] (1), PS-[VIVO(Hy-Eda)] (2), and PS-[VIVO(HyP-Eda)] (3) were prepared. Structure and bonding of I, II, and III as well as corresponding vanadium complexes 1, 2, and 3 were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, AAS, TGA, EPR, etc. Polymer-anchored vanadium(IV) complexes 1, 2, and 3 show, efficient catalysis toward oxidation of styrene, cyclohexene, allylbenzene, and cis-cyclooctene in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Optimized reaction conditions for the oxidation of these alkenes was achieved by changing various reaction parameters (like amount of catalyst, amount of oxidizing agent, volume of solvent, etc.). Polymer-grafted 1, 2, and 3 can be reused multiple times without depletion of their activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two monomeric copper complexes [CuII(sal-ppzH)Cl2] (1) and [CuII(hyap-ppzH)Cl2] (2) were synthesized by reacting CuCl2·2H2O with the monobasic tridentate Schiff-base ligands [Hsal-ppz] (I) and [Hyap-ppz] (II) (derived by reacting 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine with salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxyacetophenone) respectively. Elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR data confirm the structures of the ligands and those of the complexes. Both complexes are monomeric in nature in the solid state and in solution as well. Single crystal XRD data suggest a distorted square pyramidal geometry for 1 crystallized in the P1̅ space group. DFT studies established a similar molecular structure for 2. The synthesized metal complexes [CuII(sal-ppzH)Cl2] (1) and [CuII(hyap-ppzH)Cl2] (2) successfully catalyzed the oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) in methanol in the presence of H2O2 with high Kcat values of 1.182 × 104 mmol h−1 and 2.880 × 104 mmol h−1, respectively. [CuII(sal-ppzH)Cl2] (1) and [CuII(hyap-ppzH)Cl2] (2) were also anchored into the polymeric matrix of chloromethylated polystyrene and were analyzed by TGA, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), EPR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The polymer grafted metal complexes were used as catalyst precursors in the oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde in the presence of H2O2, KBr and HClO4. Under optimized reaction conditions, both catalysts show nearly quantitative oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde, with the order of % products formed being 5-bromosalicylaldehyde ＞ 3,5-dibromosalicylaldehyde ＞ 3-bromosalicylaldehyde. Plausible reactive species involved in the catalytic cycle are identified by UV-Vis spectroscopy, pH metric titration, ESI-MS, EPR and DFT studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Introduction of nucleic acid testing (NAT) has helped in decreasing window period donations, resulting in increased safety of blood supplies. NAT combines the advantages of direct and highly sequence-specific detection of viral genomes. We analysed the performance of newer Procleix Ultrio Elite (PUE) and Procleix Ultrio assay (PUA) for the screening of the viral markers in our donor population. Material and Methods. 10,015 donor samples were screened by routine immunoassays and both versions of NAT. NAT yields detected were subjected to viral load estimation and to other serological markers. Results. A total of 21 NAT yields were detected; three were positive by both NAT systems, whereas 18 samples were reactive by PUE only. NAT yields include 18 HBV and 3 HCV yields, of which 17 HBV yields were occult infections and 1 was window period (WP) infection. All 3 HCV yields were WP infections. No HIV-1/HIV-2 yield was found. Conclusion. Efficient target capture chemistry in the new TMA assay version significantly improved sensitivity. NAT is superior to serological immunoassays for screening of the viral markers; and the efficient target capture system in the newer TMA assay, namely, the PUE system, has significantly improved sensitivity over the earlier versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid phase catalytic oxidation of a number of alkenes, for example, cyclohexene, cis‐cyclooctene, styrene, 1‐methyl cyclohexene and 1‐hexene, was performed using polymer‐anchored copper (II) complexes PS‐[Cu (sal‐sch)Cl] (5), PS‐[Cu (sal‐tch)Cl] (6), PS‐[CH2{Cu (sal‐sch)Cl}2] (7) and PS‐[CH2{Cu (sal‐tch)Cl}2] (8). Neat complexes [Cu (sal‐sch)Cl] (1), [Cu (sal‐tch)Cl] (2), [CH2{Cu (sal‐sch)Cl}2] (3) and [CH2{Cu (sal‐tch)Cl}2] (4) were isolated by reacting CuCl2·2H2O with [Hsal‐sch] (I), [Hsal‐tch] (II), [H2bissal‐sch] (III) and [H2bissal‐tch] (IV), respectively, in refluxing methanol. Complexes 1–4 have been covalently anchored in Merrifield resin through the amine nitrogen of the semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide moiety. A number of analytical, spectroscopic and thermal techniques, such as CHNS analysis, Fourier transform‐infrared, UV–Vis, PMR, 13C‐NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry, were used to analyze and establish the molecular structure of the ligands (I)–(IV) and complexes (1)–(8) in solid state as well as in solution state. Grafted complexes 5–8 were employed as active catalysts for the oxidation of a series of alkenes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Copper hydroperoxo species ([CuIII (sal‐sch)‐O‐O‐H]), which is believed to be the active intermediate, generated during the catalytic oxidation of alkenes, are identified. It was found that supported catalysts are very economical, green and efficient in contrast to their neat complexes as well as most of the recently reported heterogeneous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and rapidly spread globally including India. The characteristic clinical observations and outcomes of this disease (COVID-19) have been reported from different countries. The present study was aimed to describe the clinico-demographic characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of a group of COVID-19 patients in north India. Methods: This was a prospective, single-centre collection of data regarding epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, management and outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care facility in north India. Patient outcomes were recorded as death, discharge and still admitted. Results: Data of 144 patients with COVID-19 were recorded and analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 40.1±13.1 yr, with 93.1 per cent males, and included 10 (6.9%) foreign nationals. Domestic travel to or from affected States (77.1%) and close contact with COVID-19 patients in congregations (82.6%) constituted the most commonly documented exposure. Nine (6.3%) patients were smokers, with a median smoking index of 200. Comorbidities were present in 23 (15.9%) patients, of which diabetes mellitus (n=16; 11.1%) was the most common. A significant proportion of patients had no symptoms (n=64; 44.4%); among the symptomatic, cough (34.7%) was the most common symptom followed by fever (17.4%) and nasal symptoms (2.15%). Majority of the patients were managed with supportive treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin given on a case-to-case basis. Only five (3.5%) patients required oxygen supplementation, four (2.8%) patients had severe disease requiring intensive care, one required mechanical ventilation and mortality occurred in two (1.4%) patients. The time to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negativity was 16-18 days. Interpretation & conclusions: In this single-centre study of 144 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in north India, the characteristic findings included younger age, high proportion of asymptomatic patients, long time to PCR negativity and low need for intensive care unit care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]