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Accidental and intentional global movement of species has increased the frequency of novel plant–insect interactions. In Patagonia, the European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio , has invaded commercial plantations of North American pines. We compared the patterns of resin defenses and S. noctilio -caused mortality at two mixed-species forests near San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. We observed lower levels of resin flow and higher levels of mortality in Pinus contorta compared with Pinus ponderosa. In general, S. noctilio attacked trees with lower resin compared with neighboring trees. Resin production in P. ponderosa was not related to growth rates, but for P. contorta , slower growing trees produced less resin than faster growing conspecifics. For all infested trees, attack density and number of drills (ovipositor probes) per attack did not vary with resin production. Most attacks resulted in one or two drills. Attack rates and drills/attack were basically uniform across the bole of the tree except for a decrease in both drills/attack and attack density in the upper portion of the crown, and an increase in the attack density for the bottom 10% of the tree. Planted pines in Patagonia grow faster than their counterparts in North America, and produce less resin, consistent with the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis. Limited resin defenses may help to explain the high susceptibility of P. contorta to woodwasps in Patagonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitoids rely mainly on infochemicals to search for their herbivore hosts to oviposit on. Megarhyssa nortoni (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a parasitoid of siricid wasp larvae which are concealed inside tree stems of several coniferous tree species. This parasitoid is used as a biological control agent against the global pine pest Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), which engages in an obligate nutritional symbiosis with the fungus Amylostereum areolatum (Chaillet ex Fr.) Boidin (Russulales). We explore the chemical cues that could be used by M. nortoni females while foraging for hosts on the two pine species most commonly planted in commercial forests in Patagonia, Argentina, Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon var. latifolia Engelm. ex S Watson and Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C Lawson (Pinaceae). Behavioural assays were conducted in an olfactometer and the following odour sources were tested in pairwise combinations: (1) P. contorta, (2) P. ponderosa, (3) P. contorta with host fungal symbiont, (4) P. ponderosa with host fungal symbiont, and (5) air (control). Megarhyssa nortoni females discriminated the odours of infested wood (host fungal symbiont‐pine complex) from those of healthy trees, irrespective of the pine species. Additionally, when offered both pine species infested with the fungal symbiont, the parasitoids displayed a bias towards P. contorta. Even though the identity of the compounds responsible for the behavioural bias towards the symbiont was not established at this stage, our findings emphasize the relevance of chemical information derived from the fungal symbiont‐pine complex during parasitoids that forage for woodboring insect hosts. Parasitoid insects often use chemical information to locate hosts on which to oviposit. We compare the behavioural response of a larval parasitoid, Megarhyssa nortoni (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae), to non‐host volatile cues derived from pine tree species infected with the fungal symbiont of the woodboring pest Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Megarhyssa nortoni females can discriminate odours of infested pine species and this may prove relevant in the context of biological control of a woodboring insect pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]