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Background: Obesity is a nutritional problem in Indonesia. A factor that influences the incidence of obesity is a high-sugar diet (ex: ice cream products). The consumption rate of ice cream increases every year and is also accompanied by an increasing number of outlets providing ice cream products. Added sugar in ice cream contributes to an increased intake of high-calorie foods that leads to obesity. Objectives: To analyze level of knowledge, consumption habits, sugar and calorie content of ice cream on the nutritional status of Depok students. Methods: Observational research with cross-sectional design, analyzed with frequency distribution and chi-square test. Data were obtained using online questionnaire. The research was conducted in the city of Depok, involving 939 samples of Depok students selected with purposive sampling methods. Results: 667 (71.0%) students have a good level of nutritional knowledge and 578 (61.6%) students unusually eat ice cream. There is no relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge (p-value: 0.609) and ice cream consumption habits (p-value: 0.211) on the nutritional status of students. Vanilla ice cream cup with cookies and cream topping is the most preferred ice cream, containing 13.28 grams of sugar and 154.11 kcal calories. Conclusions: Depok students have good nutritional knowledge and unusually eat ice cream. The sugar and calorie content of the ice cream are high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nutritional issues faced by adolescents have shifted towards the condition of overnutrition, which includes obesity and overweight. Overnutrition occurs when there is an excessive body fat accumulation, potentially increasing the risk of degenerative diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and others. According to Riskesdas 2018, the national prevalence of overnutrition adolescent was 13.5%. Some risk factors for the occurrence of overnutrition include genetics, psychological factors, excessive energy intake, physical activity, and socioeconomic status. Night eating syndrome is considered as a deviant eating behavior associated with overweight and obesity. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between night eating syndrome, fiber intake, and household income with the occurrence of overnutrition among students of SMAN 6 Depok. Methods: The research study design was cross-sectional. The sample was obtained using a stratified random sampling technique, resulting in 100 students from SMAN 6 Depok. Nutritional status was assessed based on body weight and height, night eating syndrome was measured using the Night Eating Syndrome Questionnaire, fiber intake was measured using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and household income was classified based on the minimum wage of Depok City. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square and fisher's exact tests. Results: The bivariate analysis revealed that night eating syndrome (p=0.004) had a significant association with the occurrence of overnutrition. Fiber intake (p=1.00) and household income (p=0.954) showed no association with the occurrence of overnutrition. Based on the multivariate analysis, night eating syndrome was found to be the most significant factor associated with overnutrition. Conclusions: Night eating syndrome is the most significant factor associated with overnutrition. Researchers suggest avoiding stress, getting enough sleep, and controlling intake, especially in the evening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Overnutrition among Indonesian teenagers is a nutritional problem that has increased in recent years from 7.3% to 13.5%. Factors that contribute in the improvement of nutritional status include diet, lifestyle, and socio-economics. Overnutrition can lead to health complications, including non-communicable diseases. Objectives: To identify the relationship between energy intake, food preferences, peer influence, and parental education with the incidence of overnutrition among teenagers in Depok. Methods: This study used an observational approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample was taken by stratified random sampling from a chosen Senior High School (SMA) in Depok with a total of 108 participants. Nutritional status was obtained by measuring body weight (BB) and height (TB) using BMI-for-age (BMI/U), energy intake was measured by interviewing the 2x24-hour food recall, food preferences used the food and beverage preference questionnaire (FBPQ), peered influence was measured using the peered influence scale (PIS), and parental education was gathered through a questionnaire. Relationship analysis was carried out by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Bivariate analysis shows that energy intake (p=0.030), food preferences (p=0.019), and peer influence (p=0. 006) were associated with the incidence of overnutrition. Parental education (father, p=0.365; mother, p=0.103) were not significantly associated with the incidence of overnutrition. Conclusions: Individual factors among teenagers showed a relationship with the incidence of overnutrition. Teenagers need to pay attention to their energy intake, develop healthy food preferences, and utilize peered influence to adopt good eating behaviours to prevent overnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the association of birth weight with the risk of diabetes mellitus in adolescence and early adulthood in the Indonesian population. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey, a longitudinal study of the Indonesian population with repeated measurements at 3 time points (1997, 2007, and 2014). The subjects observed were children aged 0-59 months in 1997, who were 10-15 years old in 2007, and 17-22 years in 2014. We performed a generalized linear model to investigate the association between birth weight at baseline and the level of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at the 2 follow-up periods. We adjusted the association for the characteristics of the children, parents, and household. Results: The mean±standard deviation level of HbA1c was 7.35%±0.95% in 2007 and decreased to 5.30%±0.85% in 2014. The crude β (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the association between birth weight and HbA1c was 0.150 (-0.076, 0.377) in 2007 and 0.146 (-0.060, 0.351) in 2014. After adjustment for the sociodemographic characteristics of the children, parents, and confounding factors, the adjusted β (95% CI) was 1.12 (0.40-1.85) in 2007 and 0.92 (0.35-1.48) in 2014. The HbA1c of the parents, father's employment status, percentage of food expenditure, and underweight were the covariates that had significant associations with HbA1c. Conclusion: HbA1c level was higher in adolescence than in early adulthood. Birth weight was associated with HbA1c level in both periods. The HbA1c of the parents, father's employment, percentage of food expenditure, and underweight partly explained the association between birth weight and the HbA1c level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]