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Abstract Background Risk perception varies greatly among individuals, affecting their behavior and decision-making in risky situations. The COVID-19 pandemic affected worldwide, but the role of risk perception related to COVID-19 in ethnic minorities in Mexico is unclear. This study quantifies the impact of COVID-related risk perception (susceptibility and severity) and perceived fear on the utilization of antenatal care services among indigenous women in San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. Methods We conducted a retrospective crossover study between June and December 2021, interviewing 98 women from San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas. In a crossover design, each subject acts as their own control, so we required the participants to have a previous pregnancy experience. A logistic model was used to calculate the odds ratio for the outcome of having an adequate number of antenatal care visits. The analysis considered the period (during or before the pandemic) as well as perceived severity and susceptibility levels as independent variables. Results COVID-19 reduced antenatal care utilization by 50%. During the pandemic, the adjusted odds ratio for attending health antenatal care services was 0.83 (95% CI: 4.8, 14.5) compared to pre pandemics. Adjusted for fear of contagion, the mother’s perception of severity was associated with an increased likelihood of an insufficient number of antenatal visits. OR = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.65). Conclusion The risk perception for COVID-19 decreased the likelihood of receiving an adequate number of antenatal care visits.

ABSTRACTSmartphones are indispensable tools for daily tasks; nevertheless, their short lifespan of about two years contributes to a disproportionate increase in environmental waste. Although current initiatives explore reusing specific smartphone components, such as metallic parts, the scope of these efforts still needs to be expanded, necessitating more comprehensive strategies to address the growing waste generation. Additionally, end-users play a pivotal role in determining the fate of obsolete smartphones and in adopting sustainable disposal practices to mitigate environmental damage after the devices are no longer useful to them. This proposal describes the scope to obtain a circular economy approach at a macro-level environmental impact. The strategy aims to employ obsolete smartphones while reducing environmental im pacts and facilitating efficient device disposal. The authors employ the S4 framework to support sustainable product development at a macro-level, emphasising sensing, smart, sustainability, and social dimensions. However, it is essential to note that the current solution applies only to smartphones with functional features, including intact displays, operational batteries, accessible cameras and sensors, and functional power systems, obtaining a level three according to the S4 framework, which describes limited human intervention.

ABSTRACTTechnologies from Industry 4.0 enhance human skills and capabilities in production. These advanced manufacturing and digital technologies unlock opportunities to integrate individuals with unique abilities into industrial environments, helping to attain social sustainability. However, the validation process with end-users in real-world manufacturing tasks ensures the technology is robust and aligned with individual needs. However, the topic is in its early stages, and only a few papers concerning validation have emerged in journals. This paper presents a systematic review utilising the PRISMA methodology to examine validated technologies proposed to empower differently-abled workers in the manufacturing sector. The supporting technologies were identified and sorted into four categories: collaborative robots, augmented reality, assistive technology, and gamification. Within the reviewed papers, quantitative and qualitative evidence emerged, showcasing how individuals with challenges proficiently employed technology to complete assembly tasks, elevate their working speed, and reduce the error rate. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of information concerning usability, intuitiveness, and ergonomic considerations. Furthermore, there’s an ongoing requirement for long-term studies, standardised methodologies, and statistical assessments conducted by a representative cross-section of participants. Beyond its influence on organisational social responsibility, this research aims to transcend the realm of cultivating a potential new workforce for manufacturing companies.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder characterized by frequent breathing pauses during sleep. The apnea–hypopnea index is a measure used to assess the severity of sleep apnea and the hourly rate of respiratory events. Despite numerous commercial devices available for apnea diagnosis and early detection, accessibility remains challenging for the general population, leading to lengthy wait times in sleep clinics. Consequently, research on monitoring and predicting OSA has surged. This comprehensive paper reviews devices, emphasizing distinctions among representative apnea devices and technologies for home detection of OSA. The collected articles are analyzed to present a clear discussion. Each article is evaluated according to diagnostic elements, the implemented automation level, and the derived level of evidence and quality rating. The findings indicate that the critical variables for monitoring sleep behavior include oxygen saturation (oximetry), body position, respiratory effort, and respiratory flow. Also, the prevalent trend is the development of level IV devices, measuring one or two signals and supported by prediction software. Noteworthy methods showcasing optimal results involve neural networks, deep learning, and regression modeling, achieving an accuracy of approximately 99%.

La creciente epidemia de obesidad ha sido uno de los retos más importantes de salud pública en México durante los últimos años. Con apoyo de la Federación Mundial de Obesidad, en 2021 formamos un grupo de profesionales para identificar y resumir las acciones prioritarias en las que puede enfocarse nuestro país para hacer frente a esta epidemia. Al proceso de desarrollo y discusión de este grupo se sumaron más de 1 000 profesionales de la salud para retomar recomendaciones de documentos y guías de alto nivel previamente publicados. En conmemoración del Día Mundial de la Obesidad, en este 2022 se presenta esta postura como insumo para el desarrollo de acciones en el ámbito profesional y de los diferentes sectores, en la que se incluyen 10 recomendaciones de acción, desde la perspectiva poblacional hasta la atención individualizada, y se enfatiza en la importancia de la participación social, de las intervenciones integrales con visión centrada en la persona y de la sostenibilidad planetaria, además de mejorar la educación y las campañas de difusión, propiciar un ambiente promotor de entornos activos y blindar de conflictos de interés los esfuerzos de prevención y control. La postura hace un llamado para abordar la obesidad de manera seria, con base en la evidencia científica, oportuna e integral, con enfoque de curso de vida, de forma ética y sensible, y sin perpetuar las barreras del estigma de peso en la sociedad.

Objetivo: Identificar las barreras que existen para la atención de las conductas suicidas, desde la perspectiva de las/los profesionales de la salud mental del primer nivel de atención de la Ciudad de México. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio, basado en 35 entrevistas semiestructuradas, dirigidas a personal de salud de dos unidades de salud mental de referencia nacional. El análisis de la información se hizo mediante el Framework Analysis. Resultados: Las/los participantes consideraron que las conductas suicidas no han sido definidas como una prioridad dentro de los trastornos de salud mental. La ausencia de políticas públicas, la sobrecarga de trabajo, la falta de seguimiento a las/los pacientes, entre otras, fueron identificadas como barreras para una atención adecuada y oportuna. Conclusiones: Los programas de prevención de las conductas suicidas deben tomar en cuenta el contexto socioeconómico de la población y las características de los servicios de salud, así como las necesidades de las personas prestadoras de servicios de salud. Se requiere ampliar el entrenamiento profesional y mejorar el sistema de referencia y contrarreferencia entre los distintos niveles de atención.

Hands-free interfaces are essential to people with limited mobility for interacting with biomedical or electronic devices. However, there are not enough sensing platforms that quickly tailor the interface to these users with disabilities. Thus, this article proposes to create a sensing platform that could be used by patients with mobility impairments to manipulate electronic devices, thereby their independence will be increased. Hence, a new sensing scheme is developed by using three hands-free signals as inputs: voice commands, head movements, and eye gestures. These signals are obtained by using non-invasive sensors: a microphone for the speech commands, an accelerometer to detect inertial head movements, and an infrared oculography to register eye gestures. These signals are processed and received as the user's commands by an output unit, which provides several communication ports for sending control signals to other devices. The interaction methods are intuitive and could extend boundaries for people with disabilities to manipulate local or remote digital systems. As a study case, two volunteers with severe disabilities used the sensing platform to steer a power wheelchair. Participants performed 15 common skills for wheelchair users and their capacities were evaluated according to a standard test. By using the head control they obtained 93.3 and 86.6%, respectively for volunteers A and B; meanwhile, by using the voice control they obtained 63.3 and 66.6%, respectively. These results show that the end-users achieved high performance by developing most of the skills by using the head movements interface. On the contrary, the users were not able to develop most of the skills by using voice control. These results showed valuable information for tailoring the sensing platform according to the end-user needs.

The influence of trifluoromethanesulfonic (TFSA) superacid on conditions of the synthesis of polybenzimidazoles, such as OPBI and CF3PBI, was studied. It was shown that the polycondensations proceeded smoother and at lower temperatures in the presence of the TFSA in Eaton’s Reagent and that polymers of high molecular weights, and readily soluble in organic solvents, were obtained. The effect was more pronounced for CF3PBI, where the low reactivity monomer, 4,4′ (hexafluoroisoproylidene)bis (benzoic acid), was used. CF3PBI was obtained at a moderate temperature of 140 °C with no gel fraction and exhibited an inherent viscosity twice higher than the one obtained by the traditional method. In fact, the addition of TFSA allows the obtention of soluble N-phenyl substituted CF3PBI by direct synthesis, which had not been obtained otherwise. Thus, the use of TFSA is a good media for the synthesis of N-substituted PBIs under relatively mild conditions.

Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by the progressive failure of the motor system. Currently, these disorders do not have a definitive treatment; therefore, it is of huge importance to propose new and more advanced diagnoses and treatment options for MNDs. Nowadays, artificial intelligence is being applied to solve several real-life problems in different areas, including healthcare. It has shown great potential to accelerate the understanding and management of many health disorders, including neurological ones. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to offer a review of the most important research that has been done on the application of artificial intelligence models for analyzing motor disorders. This review includes a general description of the most commonly used AI algorithms and their usage in MND diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Finally, we highlight the main issues that must be overcome to take full advantage of what AI can offer us when dealing with MNDs.

Abstract Background Mexico has the sixth-highest premature death rate from chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the world. From 1990 to 2017, the age-standardized CKD mortality rate jumped from 28.7 to 58.1 per 100,000 inhabitants, making it the second-leading cause of death that year. Medical care for the disease is inequitable, as those without health insurance have limited access to renal replacement therapy (RRT). The objective of this study is to describe the healthcare trajectories of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a public hospital in Mexico City and the barriers they face in receiving peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. Methods This study uses a convergent mixed methods approach and is predominantly qualitative. Patients completed 199 surveys, and 42 semi-structured interviews with patients having ESRD and their families were conducted. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and the qualitative data were processed using a phenomenological approach. Results It was found that 76.9% of the patients received peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis as their first RRT. Over 30% began their treatment at least a month after a health professional prescribed it. Almost 50% had been hospitalized for complications related to the disease in the previous year, and 36% had uncertainties about their treatment. Close to 64% of the haemodialysis patients received treatment intermittently. Barriers to accessing treatment, information, contact with health services, and treatment availability were identified. Patients and their families encountered economic and emotional difficulties at every phase of their search for medical care and treatment. Conclusion Mexico urgently needs to implement public policies related to CKD that are primarily directed at its prevention but should also implement policies directed at slowing its progression, reducing its complications, and providing funding for uninsured patients who require RRT. These policies must be based on the perspectives of human rights and equality, and the perspectives of patients, their families and the general population should be included in the policy creation process.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-perform method for gene amplification under isothermal conditions, and it has served as a powerful diagnostic tool. In this study, we used LAMP to develop a diagnostic protocol for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in whiteleg shrimp, and Perkinsus spp. in Crassostrea spp. in Mexico. These pathogens are associated with different diseases and are considered a threat in the aquaculture industry. Infected and uninfected oysters and shrimp were obtained from farms in the northwest coast of Mexico to standardize the LAMP assay. We determined the candidate target genes in the first-round analysis of many sets of primers, and then we chose a set of primers that successfully amplified with Mexican samples. We optimized the LAMP reactions for each pathogen with the chosen primer sets using temperature gradients from 61 to 65 ºC, DNA concentrations from 2.5 pg to 250.0 ng, and reaction times from 10 to 60 min. This study established a diagnostic procedure for detecting pathogens in oysters and shrimp from Mexico. Early diagnosis and treatment of pathogens can immensely reduce disease transmission in aquaculture farms.

ABSTRACT: Background: Depressive disorders (DD) represent one of the most common contributors to non-fatal health loss in the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the burden of DD in Mexico between 1990 and 2019 by sex, states, age groups and socio-demographic index (SDI). Methods: Secondary analysis based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Data on prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLD) due to DD were obtained. A joinpoint regression analysis was performed to describe the changes in the trend of YLD rates due to DD. Results: Nationwide prevalence of DD increased 121.5%, from 2.1 million persons (UI 1,8-2,3) in 1990, to 4.6 million persons (UI 4,1-5,0) in 2019. The standardized rate of YLD due to DD differs widely by age group and sex, with notably higher values in young people and women. Between 1990 and 2019, Campeche, Quinta Roo, Tabasco, and Yucatán have the highest rates, while the Estado de México, Sinaloa, and Ciudad de México have the lowest. Conclusions: As part of the fundamental and universal access to health, attention to mental health, including DD, must be handled more effectively by the Mexican health system. Its care should be addressed on a regular basis at all levels of care.

BackgroundSex is frequently underestimated as a prognostic biomarker in cancer. In this study, we evaluated a large cohort of patients and public datasets to determine the influence of sex on clinical outcomes, mutational status, and activation of immune pathways in different types of cancer.MethodsA cohort of 13,619 Oncosalud-affiliated patients bearing sex-unrelated cancers was followed over a 20-year period. Hazard ratios (HRs) for death were estimated for female vs. male patients for each cancer type and then pooled in a meta-analysis to obtain an overall HR. In addition, the mutational status of the main actionable genes in melanoma (MEL), colorectal cancer (CRC), and lung cancer was compared between sexes. Finally, a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of publicly available data was conducted, to assess differences in immune processes between sexes in MEL, gastric adenocarcinoma (GC), head and neck cancer (HNC), colon cancer (CC), liver cancer (LC), pancreatic cancer (PC), thyroid cancer (TC), and clear renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC).ResultsOverall, women had a decreased risk of death (HR = 0.73, CI95: 8%–42%), with improved overall survival (OS) in HNC, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, MEL, multiple myeloma (MM), and non-melanoma skin cancer. Regarding the analysis of actionable mutations, only differences in EGFR alterations were observed (27.7% for men vs. 34.4% for women, p = 0.035). The number of differentially activated immune processes was higher in women with HNC, LC, CC, GC, MEL, PC, and TC and included cellular processes, responses to different stimuli, immune system development, immune response activation, multiorganism processes, and localization of immune cells. Only in CCRCC was a higher activation of immune pathways observed in men.ConclusionsThe study shows an improved survival rate, increased activation of immune system pathways, and an enrichment of EGFR alterations in female patients of our cohort. Enhancement of the immune response in female cancer patients is a phenomenon that should be further explored to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Aun cuando Hegel constata graves problemas y conflictos del Estado moderno y los analiza y critica de manera sutil, no los resuelve de forma que se pueda considerar adecuada, satisfactoria y completa. Uno de estos grandes problemas es el de la pobreza y la miseria generadas por el sistema económico del Estado moderno. El texto se ocupa de este problema en la Filosofía del Derecho de Hegel. Primero, presenta elementos irrenunciables de la teoría hegeliana. En seguida se expone y analizan elementos centrales de la sociedad civil estrechamente vinculados con la pobreza. Por último, se llevan a cabo reflexiones críticas de la propuesta de Hegel, principalmente en el sentido de que es necesaria otra forma de sociedad civil, en específico, del “sistema de las necesidades”, es decir, el sistema económico de producción, distribución y consumo de la riqueza generada en y por la comunidad política (el Estado, en sentido amplio), para poder aspirar a solucionar el problema de la pobreza y la injusticia social.

The Mexican Ministry of Health requested the National Institute of Public Health to constitute a group of independent, free of conflict-of-interest academic experts on front-of-pack labelling (FOP). This group was instructed to created a positioning paper to contribute to the development of a FOP system for industrialized products that offers useful information for purchase decision making. This position paper uses the best available scientific evidence, and recommendations from experts of international organizations. The FOP proposal focuses on the contents of energy, nutrients, ingredients and components that if consumed in excess on the diet, can be harmful to people’s health, such as added sugars, sodium, total fat, saturated fat and energy. The academic expert group recommends the implementation of a FOP that provides an easy way to quickly assess the quality of a product. It is essential that this FOP provides direct, simple, visible and easily understandable information.

El estudio de la diversificación productiva para mejorar la competitividad en los acuerdos comerciales del Perú en el sector agroindustrial es clave en el desafío de la innovación de los sectores productivos. El déficit de la infraestructura física que presenta el Perú no permite la integración de mercados ni la introducción de empresas peruanas al mercado global. Por lo tanto, se requiere gestión e inversión pública con participación del sector privado. El desarrollo de cadenas productivas y conglomerados ayudará al avance económico y social del sector agroindustrial del país. agribusiness / / /

In this article, we present an obstacle avoidance controller implemented in a field programmable gate array for an electric wheelchair. It is based on a traditional approach with ultrasonic sensors and fuzzy logic. Various tests were conducted to characterize the prototype and to evaluate the controller performance. The results showed that the system is able to acquire data from sensors and make decisions 46.16 times per second. The sensors’ coverage extends 3 m to the front, rear, left, and right sides of the wheelchair; moreover, the sensors detect 0.95-cm diameter objects at 40 cm. The power consumption was evaluated, and it was found that the hardware architecture reduces the battery life by only 0.87%. Furthermore, the controller helped to navigate in confined areas, avoiding obstacles with cautious movements and decreasing the likelihood of collision. The proposed methodology uses data from eight sonars distributed around the wheelchair to make navigation decisions, besides the hardware-based architecture guarantees real-time control and on-time response.

Este artículo explica el efecto de mezclas de combustible convencional con mayor concentración de biocombustible en motores de combustión interna. Los parámetros de operación de un motor de combustión interna fueron medidos mediante un freno de corrientes parásitas y equipo auxiliar. Se hicieron pruebas con mezclas de gasolina-alcohol carburante en un motor de ciclo Otto y de petróleo diésel-biodiésel en un motor de ciclo Diesel. Los resultados de la medición de los parámetros fueron analizados y se concluyó que un mayor contenido de biocombustible en las mezclas produce leve efecto en los valores de los parámetros del motor.

This paper provides an analysis of two cycles of monetary easing in Mexico. The first took place in 2009, during the global financial crisis, and the second occurred in 2013−2014, when the Mexican economy lost dynamism. In both periods, the actions taken by the Bank of Mexico provide ample evidence of its efforts to stabilize output and employment, while ceding importance to the fight against inflation and, in doing so, adopting a hierarchical mandate. The abundant global liquidity generated in developed countries by the great recession facilitated the monetary flexibilization in Mexico. A revision of official information from the Bank of Mexico in 2009 and 2013−2014 provides data on the cuts made to the reference rate, their periodicity, as well as their quantity. The two cycles of monetary expansion diminished the cost of money with the goal of incentivizing investment and consumption while counteracting the weakness of the Mexican economy.

¿Es posible llevar la interpretación de las regulaciones urbanas al ámbito del "hágalo Ud. mismo"? Este software acorta la distancia entre habitante, arquitecto y normativa, en un intento por acelerar y facilitar la renovación del tejido urbano del casco histórico de Colonia.Is it possible to interpret urban regulations under the "do it yourself" model? This software brings resident, architect and regulations closer together in an attempt to accelerate and facilitate the renewal of the urban fabric of Cologne's historic quarter.

Para la instalación transitoria de un instituto binacional en la planta libre de un edificio de oficinas, este proyecto de arquitectura despliega un repertorio material que incluye textiles, mosaicos, vidrio y carpinterías de madera: a través de la organización de estos elementos se consigue un espacio interior que, con ligereza, admite diversas reconfiguraciones, permanentemente atravesado por la luz natural que entra desde la fachada vidriada.A bi-national cultural institution move temporarily to a typical office floor plan; the project of architecture introduces a collection of textiles, mosaics, glass and woodwork to house it. The layout delivers a well-lit, flexible space that can be reconfigured at ease, ensuring the entrance of sunlight from the glazed façade.

El control climático y lumínico es tomado como generatriz de una vivienda ubicada en la zona central de Chile. A través de la creación de capas sucesivas desde el interior, se conforman los espacios privados y comunes, en un contexto velado por los mantos exteriores que controlan la luz y las vistas.This thesis project, built thanks to the participation of locals and the recycling of abandoned material, proposes a contemplation space of a landscape previously exploited. The generated volumes are placed and give gratuity to the space, allowing one to reflect over history.

Evaluating other individuals with respect to personality characteristics plays a crucial role in human relations and it is the focus of attention for research in diverse fields such as psychology and interactive computer systems. In psychology, face perception has been recognized as a key component of this evaluation system. Multiple studies suggest that observers use face information to infer personality characteristics. Interactive computer systems are trying to take advantage of these findings and apply them to increase the natural aspect of interaction and to improve the performance of interactive computer systems. Here, we experimentally test whether the automatic prediction of facial trait judgments (e.g. dominance) can be made by using the full appearance information of the face and whether a reduced representation of its structure is sufficient. We evaluate two separate approaches: a holistic representation model using the facial appearance information and a structural model constructed from the relations among facial salient points. State of the art machine learning methods are applied to a) derive a facial trait judgment model from training data and b) predict a facial trait value for any face. Furthermore, we address the issue of whether there are specific structural relations among facial points that predict perception of facial traits. Experimental results over a set of labeled data (9 different trait evaluations) and classification rules (4 rules) suggest that a) prediction of perception of facial traits is learnable by both holistic and structural approaches; b) the most reliable prediction of facial trait judgments is obtained by certain type of holistic descriptions of the face appearance; and c) for some traits such as attractiveness and extroversion, there are relationships between specific structural features and social perceptions.

Materialmente irrelevante (apenas 23 kg de espejos, focos LED y motores minúsculos), el proyecto de esta galería de sombras plantea preguntas sobre el uso de diferentes recursos, su escasez y su abundancia.Almost immaterial (mirrors, LED bulbs and tiny motors that were barely 23 kg), this shadow gallery poses questions about the use of different resources, its scarcity and its abundance.

For Hegel the self-reflexivity of reason is the beginning of philosophy; it is a fundamental determination of rational thinking in general and constitutive of philosophic thinking as such. It highlights the need for self-reflection of reason or of self-reflexive reason as the foundation of Hegel's philosophical systematization, and in turn, as that without which, according to the Hegelian claim, no philosophical reflection would be possible that seeks to be such. The article addresses: 1. The reality and necessity of self-reflexive reason in relation to the concept and task of human thought in general and philosophical thinking such as logical thinking; 2. In relation to the philosophical problem of determining the concept of "philosophical science," of philosophical knowledge in general and of the method, which leads to the necessity of self-justification of philosophy; 3. Finally, it discusses some of the elements regarding the importance of fundamental reason. [TRANSLATION]

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a common benign lymphomatous disorder that involves the lymph nodes and other solid organs. Neurological involvement is rare, and an isolated intracranial Rosai-Dorfman lesion even rarer. Whether isolated intracranial Rosai-Dorfman lesions should be defined as Rosai-Dorfman disease or intradural histiocytosis remains debateable. Although these intracranial masses may radiologically mimic a meningioma, some have diagnostically specific radiological appearances. Because isolated intracranial Rosai-Dorfman lesions are so rarely described their best treatment is controversial. Most patients described in published reports underwent surgery followed in selected cases by adjuvant radiotherapy. Medical therapies achieve conflicting results. Our two case reports, a patient with isolated dural intracranial Rosai-Dorfman lesions and another with multiple intracranial lesions, both without lymphadenopathy, should be of interest to neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons managing similar cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of epidermoid carcinoma of the bladder is reported in an 80 year-old masculine patient, with tabaquism antecedent since youth and clinical manifestation of abdominal pain in right lower quadrant of colic type, dysuria, vesical tenesmus and nicturia. Ultrasound results shows right hydronephrosis, and an intramural pediculated lesion in the floor of the bladder. Biopsy result was epidermoid carcinoma, very unusual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through accurate photometry (resolution in hundredths of magnitude), it was obtained the luminous curve of the asteroid Toutatis, which wade its maximum approximation to the Earth (0.0104 A.U) at September 29th, 2004, and reached a magnitude of the order of 8.9 at September 28th of 2004. In some of the graphics we got it can be appreciated the variation of the brightness associated with this slow rotation movement of the asteroid which main period has been estimated at 7 days 48 minutes by other authors. This asteroid has a very complex rotation movement around two axes, which can be due to a collision with another body in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his Ethics of liberation in the age of globalization and exclusion, Dussel pretends to justify a "universal ethical material principle". From this point he emphasizes the ethical relevance of human life, the living body of every human being and criticizes argumentative rationality. The author discusses the coherence and consistency of Dussel's criticisms of reason, and shows that Dussellian argumentation has problems of conceptualization and consistency. Against Dussel, the author defend the concept of argumentative reason, and explain that the presupposition that Dussel can't consistently refute is based on his ethical principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the dispositions of integral social security system in Colombia. It has cited that every person with payment capacity to cover contributions to social security system, including those people who do not have it, have the right to access the assistance recognized by social security system. Among people with payment capacity are independent workers.

It is unavoidable that during the development of the work relationship the worker finds himself exposed to acts coming from their work partners, superiors and even form the personnel under his direction that will affect his/her emotional state. With the aim to avoid the proliferation of this practice in work relationships, the legislation has made all its efforts to protect the harassed worker. The same way, the Constitutional Court, defending the fundamental rights of workers has developed a juridical line in that respect. The aim of this article is to know the reach of legal dispositions and the juridical pronouncements regarding the protection of harassed workers at the job and the sanctions towards the harasser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new educational trends and the needs of the use of new educational technologies in the curriculum and teaching practices, the Peruvian schools must adapt to these changes so that the future citizens give effective responses to the characteristics and demands of current society and leave behind the nineteenth century that still prevails in Peruvian schools. So this paper analyzes the most relevant characteristics of the knowledge society, the relation between the school and the characteristics of this society, the teacher education and the role of teachers and at the end it mentions what school is required to respond to this demand that today's society, and in which the education faculties of universities have a major role.

Peruvian school needs take on new educational paradigms and the use of NTICs in the curriculum and teaching practices in the classroom, so that future citizens effective responses to the characteristics and demands of today's society is the knowledge, education and leave behind the nineteenth century that still prevails in Peruvian schools.This essay analyzes the most relevant of the XXI century characteristics, the relationship between the school and the characteristics of this society, the formation and the role of teachers in the XXI century and at the end type is characterized school is required to respond to this demand that today's society, and in which the education faculties of universities play a major role.

Es inevitable que en el desarrollo de la relación laboral el trabajador se encuentre expuesto a actos provenientes de sus compañeros de trabajo, superiores, inclusive del personal bajo su dirección, que afecten su estado emocional. Con el propósito de evitar la proliferación de esa práctica dentro de las relaciones de trabajo, el legislador ha empeñado sus esfuerzos en proteger al trabajador acosado; igualmente la Corte Constitucional, en defensa de los derechos fundamentales del trabajador, ha desarrollado una línea jurisprudencial al respecto. El objeto de este artículo es conocer los alcances de las disposiciones legales y de los pronunciamientos judiciales sobre la protección del trabajador acosado en el trabajo y las sanciones dirigidas al acosador.

Con la reforma al procedimiento laboral contenida en la Ley 712 de 2001 se introdujo el principio de la consonancia, que indica que el juez laboral de segunda instancia al resolver el recurso de apelación sólo debe limitarse a las materias objeto del recurso. Este principio restringe la aplicación del contenido del principio constitucional sobre la irrenunciabilidad de los m{nimos de derechos y garant(as consagrados a favor del trabajador. Esta situación plantea un conflicto normativo de una disposición de origen legal y una norma constitucional. En sentencia C- 968 de 2003 -nla que los autores fueron los demandantes- se declaró la constitucionalidad condicionada del mencionado principio en el entendido que las materias objeto del recurso de apelación incluyen siempre los derechos laborales m{nimos irrenunciable del trabajador

La intermediación laboral es el conjunto de acciones que tienen por objeto poner en contacto los oferentes de trabajo con los demandantes de empleo para su colocación. La legislación laboral colombiana confía la actividad de intermediación laboral en manos de las empresas de servicios temporales, en las agencias de empleo y en el simple intermediario. El objeto de este articulo es el estudio legal yjurisprudencial de cada una de estas formas de intermediación.

In this work the luminous curves of the comets C/2002 T7 LINEAR and C/2001 Q4 NEAT were obtained by using photometry, and at the time and based on this, were obtained the corresponding cometary indexes and absolute magnitudes for the mentioned celestial bodies. For the first comet (when it approached the sun) the index was calculated to be 4 and its absolute magnitude was 4.3. For the second comet, the index was estimated at 8A and its absolute magnitude at 6.2. It was hard to predict the corresponding parameters to the comet NEAT because there were only 11 days between the first observation and the highest approach to Earth. With the establishment of the absolute magnitude and through the David Hughes relation the C/2002 T7 LINEAR comet's radius was estimated at about 2.7 kilometers and its mass at 4.3x1013 kilograms. By means of spectrometric study of the C/2001 Q4 NEAT comet's coma, it we clearly detected the presence of the bands corresponding to: C2 (Δv = -1), C2 (Δv = 0), C2 (Δv = 1), and CN. The bands of C3 and that of C2 (Δv = 2) were not detected, although those were observed by other authors in the Hale-Bopp comet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dementias, including Alzheimer´s disease (AD), are one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in older people. It is a growing health problem in low- and middle-income countries, where epidemiological information is scarce and deficient. The aim of this study was to analyze the burden of AD and other dementias in Mexico from 1990 to 2019 by sex, subnational level, and age groups., Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease, Injury, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Data on prevalence, incidence, mortality, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) due to AD and other dementias were obtained. A joinpoint regression analysis was performed to describe the changes in the trend of age-standardized DALY rates by AD and other dementias during the analysis period., Results: AD and other dementias ranked second among neurological disorders producing the most DALY in Mexico. Between 1990 and 2019, prevalence and incidence increased by almost 203%. In 2019, the age-standardized rate per 100,000 inhabitants was: 512 for prevalence, 79.3 for incidence, 73.3 for YLD, 256.9 for YLL and 272.2 for DALY. Likewise, five states concentrated 39% of AD and other dementias cases: Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Veracruz, Jalisco and Puebla. Differences were also observed by sex and age groups., Discussion: Given that the number of older adults in Mexico will significantly rise over the next few decades, AD and other dementias represent one of the most important health challenges. The fact that epidemiological and demographic transformations take place in Mexico in a very diverse way makes it difficult for the country to adequately plan for the growing demands of both people with AD and other dementias and their families., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.