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Uvod: Spolna vzgoja mladostnikov je v šolah pomembno področje izobraževanja. Namen raziskave je bil oceniti znanje o spolnosti, izkušnje, vedenje in vire informacij o spolnosti med slovenskimi dijaki. Metode: Uporabljen je bil spletni vprašalnik, poslan na vse srednje šole v osrednjeslovenski regiji, s povabilom dijakom prvih letnikov. V analizo so bili vključeni odgovori 201 anketiranca. Sodelujoči so bili v povprečju stari 15,59 let, 57 % ženskega spola in 67 % jih je bilo gimnazijcev. Podatki so bili statistično analizirani s testi hi-kvadrat, Mann-Whitneyjevim U-testom in t-testom. Rezultati: Najpogostejši viri informacij o spolnosti za dijake so splet (67,0 %) in prijatelji (60,4 %). Večina dijakov želi informacije pridobiti od zdravstvenih delavcev (61,2 %) in najmanj od učiteljev (26,5 %). Spolna izkušnja z vaginalno penetracijo je pri dijakih/-njah srednjih in poklicnih srednjih šol pogostejša v primerjavi z gimnazijci/-kami (χ2 = 7,863, p = 0,005). Znanje o spolnosti se razlikuje glede na spol (U = 2257,500, p = 0,003) in vrsto srednješolskega izobraževanja (U = 1943,500, p = 0,001). Znanje o spolnosti je pozitivno povezano s količino pogovora o različnih temah o spolnosti, razen o božanju. Ni pa povezano s spolno aktivnostjo in uporabo zaščite. Diskusija in zaključek: Pomembno je, da se več pozornosti nameni spolni vzgoji srednješolcev. Medicinske sestre v šolskem okolju lahko spodbujajo medvrstniško informiranje, opolnomočajo starše za pogovor z mladostniki in izvajajo spolno vzgojo. Rezultati raziskav o učinkovitosti različnih oblik in vsebin spolne vzgoje so lahko osnova za nadgradnjo preventivnih programov

Uvod: Razglasitev epidemije covida-19 je vodila do urgentnih sprememb tudi v procesu izobraževanja. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšne so bile izkušnje študentov in študentk zdravstvene nege s prilagojenim procesom izobraževanja v prvem valu epidemije. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna metoda. Podatki so bili zbrani s poglobljenimi delno strukturiranimi intervjuji v juniju in juliju leta 2020. V namenski vzorec je bilo vključenih trinajst študentov zdravstvene nege. Besedilo je bilo analizirano z uporabo induktivne tematske analize. Rezultati: Identificirali smo naslednje teme in podteme: prednosti izobraževanja na daljavo (boljši pogoji za študij, časovna prilagodljivost, psihološki dejavniki, metode poučevanja, podpora in bolj oseben odnos z visokošolskimi učitelji, stroškovna učinkovitost ter več časa za študij in prostočasne dejavnosti), slabosti izobraževanja na daljavo (spremenjene metode poučevanja, psihološki dejavniki, nedosegljivost študijskih gradiv, neustrezna infrastruktura in pogoji za študij, pomanjkanje osebnega stika in socialne opore, slaba digitalna pismenost visokošolskih učiteljev ter težave pri organizaciji, komunikaciji in informiranju), metode poučevanja in uporabljena digitalna orodja ter predlogi za izboljšavo. Diskusija in zaključek: Študenti in študentke zdravstvene nege so navajali tako pozitivne kot negativne izkušnje s prilagojenim procesom izobraževanja. Za bolj celostno sliko problematike izobraževanja v času epidemije bi bilo treba preučiti še izkušnje visokošolskih učiteljev. Izsledki raziskave so lahko spodbuda pri izbiri metod poučevanja in digitalnih orodij ter vodilo visokošolskim učiteljem in vodstvom pri načrtovanju sodobnih in inovativnih oblik izobraževanja na področju zdravstvene nege.

Uvod: Starejši odrasli v domačem okolju pogosto potrebujejo pomoč neformalnih oskrbovalcev, katerih vloga postaja pomembna pri zagotavljanju oskrbe na domu. Namen pregleda literature je ugotoviti možne načine za izboljšanje strokovne podpore neformalnim oskrbovalcem starejših odraslih. Metode: Opravljen je bil integrativni pregled literature v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, PubMed in PubMed Central®. V kvalitativno analizo je bila vključena literatura, osredotočena na intervencije, ki so zajemale aktivnosti zdravstvene nege za podporo neformalnim oskrbovalcem starejših odraslih v njihovem domačem okolju oziroma domačem okolju njihovih oskrbovancev. Rezultati: V končno analizo je bilo vključenih deset izvirnih znanstvenih člankov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim kriterijem. Med analizo je bilo oblikovanih devet kategorij, ki opisujejo potrebe neformalnih oskrbovalcev in značilnosti zaznanih intervencij za podporo neformalnim oskrbovalcem. Diskusija in zaključek: Pomembne značilnosti intervencij za podporo neformalnim oskrbovalcem v domačem okolju so prilagojenost posamezniku, fleksibilnost in promocija aktivne vloge neformalnih oskrbovalcev. Pri načrtovanju in implementaciji teh intervencij je treba izhajati iz potreb neformalnih oskrbovalcev. Prav tako je pomembno, da se predhodno zagotovi izobraževanje in usposabljanje izvajalcev intervencij.

Research Question (RQ): What is the role of organisational commitment in health, especially in the context of other work-related psychosocial factors (optimism, empowerment, stressful working conditions, job insecurity, and satisfactory payment). Purpose: The aim of the paper is to examine the role of organisational commitment in employee’s health. Method: An ISSP survey on a subsample of 589 workers in Slovenia was statistically analysed, using 1) a bivariate Pearson correlation test;2) a hierarchical multivariate linear regression to compare two models, where to see the role of organisational commitment, health was predicted by work-related psychosocial factors in a model with and in a model without organisational commitment, and 3) structural equation modelling to understand interrelations amongst analysed concepts. Results The results shows all analysed factors contribute to health, but not all directly. Health was found to be directly related to stressful working conditions, optimism, and affective organisational commitment. The latter was found to mediate the effects of stressful working conditions, satisfactory payment and optimism on health. Organisation: The results have a significant impact on a more detailed review of the factors that contribute to better working conditions for healthier employees When employees are committed, they not only stay in the organisation, but they are also healthier and consequently perform better, thus benefits could be seen for employers and employees. It is useful for managers to have knowledge of psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, as they can utilize these elements to motivate, develop, and manage employees. Society: As working population is the one that represent the main active population in society, it is important to generate working conditions for healthier workforce. Understanding the role of organisational commitment, and other work-related psychosocial factors for health could benefit not only for organisations and employees, but for other society members, that rely on working population, as well. Originality: The study statistically examines the conceptual research model, where it does not stop on bivariate correlations, or model with one dependent variable, as found in many other studies, but explore inner correlations among factors, thus provide more detailed insight to the relations among organisational commitment, employee’s health and work-related psychosocial factors (optimism, empowerment, stressful working conditions, job insecurity, and satisfactory payment). With our findings we contribute to the discussion on a constructive and future oriented approach to provide working conditions that would lead to committed and healthier workforce. We suggest that policy makers and human resource managers in organisations create working conditions that are focused on improving health. By doing so, affective organisational commitment should be one of the top priorities. Limitations/further research: The study was cross-sectional. Our sample was limited to employees in Slovenia. Our study was limited by the scope of secondary data available; health predictors were selected in accordance with theory and available indicators in the existing survey; limited to main factors: health, organisational commitment and work-related psychosocial factors (optimism, empowerment, stressful working conditions, job insecurity, and satisfactory payment). Future research could focus also on other health related factors (such as genetics, certain lifestyles, the environment, and susceptibility to diseases), include longitudinal approach and compare different geographical contexts.

Introduction: Community health nurses contribute significantly to better health, well-being and independence of older adults. The aim of the study is to compare preventive services for older adults in community health care between Sweden and Slovenia. Methods: Literature review and document analysis were used to conduct a qualitative comparative analysis. Literature was retrieved from the MEDLINE, CINAHL and COBIB databases. An analysis of documents such as sectoral legal bases, guidelines and expert recommendations in Slovenia and Sweden was also conducted. The analysis included sources related to preventive services for older adults living at home published between January 2000 and December 2020 in Slovene, English or Swedish. Results: Twenty units of literature were included in the review. Four comparative factors were identified: system and legal basis, organisation and scope, providers, and content. In Slovenia, all older adults are entitled to the same range of preventive services. Compared to Sweden, the organisation of community health care in Slovenia is more centralised, all older adults are entitled to the same scope of preventive health visits, while the level of education and scope of competences of healthcare providers are lower. In both countries, the content of preventive home visits to older adults is similar. Discussion and conclusion: In Slovenia, community health nurses with additional knowledge could prescribe medical devices and medications form a limited list, as well as coordinate care. This would allow them to act more independently in patients' home environment. Further development of more personalised preventive services for older adults depends on research, resource provision and consideration of the organisational culture.

Uvod: Napredovala stopnja demence je terminalna stopnja v kliničnem poteku demence, za katero sta poleg kognitivnih, telesnih, vedenjskih in psiholoških okvar značilna izguba samostojnosti pri izvajanju osnovnih dnevnih opravil ter visoko tveganje za podhranjenost. Namen raziskave je predstaviti pristope za zagotavljanje optimalne prehranjenosti pri osebah z napredovalo stopnjo demence v institucionalni oskrbi. Metode: Narejen je bil integrativni pregled literature, objavljene med letoma 2014 in 2019. Za identifikacijo relevantne literature smo uporabili iskalni niz dementia OR alzheimers OR cognitive impairment OR memory loss AND feeding OR eating OR nutrition, pregledani sta bili podatkovni bazi CINAHL in MEDLINE. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 19 člankov. Rezultati: Izsledki pregleda literature so bili razporejeni v štiri kategorije: (1) spodbujanje samostojnosti pri hranjenju, (2) uporaba prilagojene prehrane, (3) obvladovanje motenj požiranja in (4) na posameznika usmerjena oskrba. Diskusija in zaključek: Pristopi pri zagotavljanju kakovosti življenja oseb z napredovalo stopnjo demence so usmerjeni k spodbujanju samostojnosti pri hranjenju. Slednje se lahko dosega z intervencijami na področju obvladovanja upada umskih in telesnih sposobnosti, motenj požiranja, z zagotavljanjem prehranskega vnosa per os ter izvajanjem oskrbe, usmerjene k posamezniku.

Slovenia has recognized student mobility as a key strategic goal of higher education development. This opens up opportunities for progress but also creates challenges that were highlighted during the Covid-19 epidemic. During this crisis, international students in Slovenia were faced with the decision whether to stay or return home. The reasons why they chose to remain/depart were determined by analysing the content of the answers to the open-ended question. Students mainly stayed for per- sonal and health reasons, because of the epidemic, the accompanying measures and the pedagogical process. The reasons for leaving mainly featured psycho- social factors, the epidemic and related measures, personal reasons and access to healthcare. Due to psychosocial distress, international students experienced a great need during the epidemic for targeted support measures and especially for coordinated and accessible information.

Uvod: Vest je večdimenzionalni koncept, zaradi katerega se medicinska sestra more zavedati manj kakovostne oskrbe bolnika in lastnih omejitev. Delovanje v nasprotju z lastno vestjo lahko vodi v izgorelost. Namen raziskave je bil prikazati povezanost bremena vesti in izgorelosti med zaposlenimi v intenzivni zdravstveni negi. Metode: Izvedena je bila presečna raziskava na priložnostnem vzorcu 46 medicinskih sester. Uporabljen je bil vprašalnik Stress of Conscience (slovensko »Slaba vest«). Vprašalnik je pokazal visoko notranjo skladnost (Cronbach α = 0,875). Podatki so bili zbrani v decembru 2017 in obdelani s programsko opremo IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Analizirani so bili z opisno in bivariatno statistiko. Uporabljeni so bili Fisherjev natančni test, T-test dveh neodvisnih vzorcev oziroma Mann-Whitneyev U-test ter enosmerna ANOVA. Rezultati: Starost in spol statistično značilno vplivata na breme vesti (p = 0,048 za starost oziroma p = 0,005 za spol). Statistično značilnih vplivov spola, starosti, trajanja zaposlitve ali izobrazbe na prisotnost števila simptomov izgorelosti raziskava ni pokazala. Z izgorelostjo je najbolj povezan (r = 0,503, p < 0,001) vpliv delovnega okolja na zasebno življenje. Diskusija in zaključek: Slaba vest je prisotna med medicinskimi sestrami v enotah intenzivne nege in terapije. Medicinskim sestram povzročajo slabo vest številni dejavniki. Raziskava je pokazala, da večje breme vesti povečuje število simptomov izgorelosti. Nadaljnje raziskovalno delo je smiselno usmeriti v zmanjševanje bremena vesti in izgorelosti.

Background: Current international policies converge to the need of empowering patients and families in becoming more autonomous in the self-caring and management of their noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Given their professional scope, nurses are the most well-positioned health professionals to answer this societal challenge. In the literature, health coaching and the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) emerge as two still under-used contributions to nursing practice in this regard. Given the lack of instruments and research developed so far in the use of health coaching and ICTs during nurses training, we aim to develop a scale that explores nursing students’ perceptions regarding their coaching skills of people with NCDs and the potential role of ICTs in this domain. Methods: After a comprehensive literature review, an initial items list (n = 39) was delineated and discussed by a panel of international experts. After conceptual and structural consensus, the pre-validated version of the Personal and Technological Skills to coach people with noncommunicable diseases scale (PTSC-NCD scale) was created. Then, the pre-validated PTSC-NCD scale was translated to Portuguese, Finnish, Flemish and Slovenian following Beaton and colleagues’ recommendations, and applied to undergraduate nursing students in five European universities. Principal component analysis and reliability analysis were performed in each country through the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0). All ethical assumptions were complied with throughout this study. Results: 874 nursing students enrolled in the study, predominantly female (71.1%) and with a mean age of 22.4 years (SD = 5.49). After data analysis across international settings, three dimensions emerged: Coaching Centred Personal Skills (F1); Digital Technology Improving Patient-Centred Care (F2); and Digital Technology Improving Relational Skills (F3). All the dimensions showed good reliability (Cronbach's alpha >.80). Conclusion: The PTSC-NCD scale evidence good validity and reliability indicators across different international settings.

Uvod: Pomen patronažne zdravstvene nege narašča s pospešenim razvojem primarnega zdravstvenega varstva, preprečevanja bolezni in približevanja zdravstvene oskrbe integrirani podpori pacientom in njihovim družinam znotraj lokalnih skupnosti. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti, kaj je predmet raziskovanja izvajalcev zdravstvene nege ter katera so glavna vprašanja in problemi patronažne zdravstvene nege v Sloveniji. Metode: Uporabljen je bil sistematičen pregled literature. Zajemal je zbiranje znanstvene in strokovne literature v Vzajemni bibliografsko-kataložni bazi podatkov COBIB.SI od januarja do maja 2017. Literatura je bila iskana po korenu ključne besede patronaž*. Začetna merila za tematsko analizo vsebine je izpolnjevalo 144 enot. V seznam za analizo empiričnih podatkov se jih je uvrstilo 45. Za prikaz pregleda in odločanja o uporabnosti pregledanih enot je bila uporabljena metoda PRISMA. Rezultati: S pregledom literature so bila ugotovljena raziskovalna področja v patronažni zdravstveni nege v Sloveniji; izboljšanje kakovosti, varnost in pogoji dela, opolnomočenje pacienta in integrirana oziroma celovita obravnava pacienta. Zaznan je problem dostopnosti do objav posameznih raziskav, kakovost načrtov in metod raziskovanja. V zadnjih treh letih preučevanega obdobja so prevladujoči vir podatkov v raziskavah patronažne medicinske sestre. Diskusija in zaključek: Nujno je ciljno ukrepanje s povečanjem interesa in znanja patronažnih medicinskih sester za raziskovanje. Za boljše prepoznavanje njihove vloge v primarnem zdravstvenem varstvu ter krepitev interdisciplinarnega raziskovanja na mikro-, mezo- in makroravni sistema zdravstvenega varstva je potrebno uvajanje kompleksnejših raziskovalnih načrtov.