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A study conducted in the Cleveland metropolitan area analyzes the capital gain provision in Sec 1034 of the IRS code, which resulted in increased emigration and virtually no movement into the city as it gives homesellers the advantage of deferring their tax liability on capital gains made by selling their home by purchasing another house of the same or greater value. The policy encouraged housing in suburban areas, resulting in a boom in the demand for high grade suburban housing, and decreased movement into the city. This encouraged low cost housing within the city, leading to dense concentrations of housing and disturbing the equilibrium of communities.

A metamodeling of complex calculation procedures (static systems) is investigated with the aim to create low-complexity surrogate models that are applicable in low-computing-power real-time (RT) measurement systems. Unlike the single-parameter error criteria and minimum description length measure, the proposed compound-squared-relative-error measure forces the group method of data handling (GMDH) algorithm to prefer the models having the smallest compound deviation of accuracy and execution time from the given thresholds and thus generally leads to more favorable models with respect to both conditions. Approximation errors, execution speed, and the applicability of the derived GMDH models in RT flow-rate measurements of natural gas are discussed and compared with the corresponding models derived by artificial neural network and support vector regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The international standard for flowrate measurements ISO-5167 recommends the temperature sensor to be located downstream of the differential device what may cause a significant error in the measurement of the flowrate of natural gas, especially at high differential pressure, low temperature and low diameter ratio. The flowrate generally needs to be compensated for the temperature change due to the Joule–Thomson effect caused by the constriction of the metering device. The accurate compensation involves double calculation of both the natural gas properties and the flowrate. To decrease the computational load, an automatic correction of the flowrate by the GMDH polynomial surrogate is proposed. By using the compound measure of the approximation error and the execution time for model selection, the modified GMDH algorithm searches for the satisfactory model fulfilling the constraints of real-time application. The automatic correction of the flowrate measurements of a natural gas is simulated and the corresponding results are discussed. The derived model can be equally used for a natural gas specified by composition or by physical properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Describes an indirect tracking of the measurement system characteristic by using a periodic multiple-point autocalibration. Unsteady, nonlinear function that depends upon time and ambient conditions; Application of a tangent method to the ideal characteristic; Verification of the efficiency of the algorithm for direct current generation; Measurement of internal references.

The topic of neighborhood redevelopment is central to residential appraisal and the lending process. We examine both the effect of neighborhood upgrading and decline, captured by subsidized new residential construction and sustained property tax delinquency respectively, on the sales price of one-to-two family homes. The research uses a two stage hedonic price model of 12,100 individual residential sales in Cleveland, Ohio during 1992-94. Results show a significant positive effect of $670 on the sales price of existing housing for each new unit built in a one-to-two block area. A decrease in sales price of $778 is associated with a 1% Increase in the tax delinquency rate. The spatial variability of these effects is also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]