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Climate variability in different spatial scales is a study area which has reached interest in application, especially during de last years. River discharges can be considered as a robust integrator of the properties of the basin; under these premises the goal of this work is to analyse flows from the Paraná and Uruguay rivers in several gauge stations and study the behavior of positive and negative anomalies and their extremes. The variable to be analysed was defined as the number of anomalies with the same sign per year. Results show that the structures are different for both rivers, which implies a different stochastic process. Identical representativeness was found between the anomaly series in each river. The risk estimation of extremes in both rivers indicates that it is possible to establish a decision model. Additionally, the series of annual number of anomalies presented a climatic jump in the seventies, for both rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reach inflamed tissues from the circulation, neutrophils must overcome physical constraints imposed by the tissue architecture, such as the endothelial barrier or the three-dimensional (3D) interstitial space. In these microenvironments, neutrophils are forced to migrate through spaces smaller than their own diameter. One of the main challenges for cell passage through narrow gaps is the deformation of the nucleus, the largest and stiffest organelle in cells. Here, we showed that chemokines, the extracellular signals that guide cell migration in vivo, modulated nuclear plasticity to support neutrophil migration in restricted microenvironments. Exploiting microfabricated devices, we found that the CXC chemokine CXCL12 enhanced the nuclear pliability of mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils to sustain their migration in 3D landscapes. This previously uncharacterized function of CXCL12 was mediated by the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 (also known as CXCR7), required protein kinase A (PKA) activity, and induced chromatin compaction, which resulted in enhanced cell migration in 3D. Thus, we propose that chemical cues regulate the nuclear plasticity of migrating leukocytes to optimize their motility in restricted microenvironments.

Pathological angiogenesis is a hallmark of several conditions including eye diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Stromal cells play a crucial role in regulating angiogenesis through the release of soluble factors or direct contact with endothelial cells. Here, we analysed the properties of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and explored the possibility of using them to therapeutically target angiogenesis. We demonstrated that in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, MSCs produce EVs that are enriched in TIMP-1, CD39 and CD73 and inhibit angiogenesis targeting both extracellular matrix remodelling and endothelial cell migration. We identified a novel anti-angiogenic mechanism based on adenosine production, triggering of A 2B adenosine receptors, and induction of NOX2-dependent oxidative stress within endothelial cells. Finally, in pilot experiments, we exploited the anti-angiogenic EVs to inhibit tumour progression in vivo . Our results identify novel pathways involved in the crosstalk between endothelial and stromal cell and suggest new therapeutic strategies to target pathological angiogenesis., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.)

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Background: Ogilvie's syndrome is described in the adult population, but rarely seen in children., Case Presentation: We present a case of a girl who suffered acute colonic pseudo-obstruction after laparoscopic appendectomy., Conclusions: Ogilvie's syndrome, although rare in the pediatric population, should be considered as possible diagnosis after a surgical procedure in presence of persisting subocclusive symptoms and radiological signs of massive colonic dilatation without mechanical obstruction.

Metastasis still represents the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chemokine signalling contributes to the overall process of cancer growth and metastasis, and their expression in both primary tumors and metastatic lesions correlate with prognosis. Chemokines promote tumor metastasization by directly supporting cancer cell survival and invasion, angiogenesis, and by indirectly shaping the pre-metastatic niches and antitumor immunity. Here, we will focus on the relevant chemokine/chemokine receptor axes that have been described to drive the metastatic process. We elaborate on their role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment at both the primary tumor lesions and the pre-metastatic foci. Furthermore, we also discuss the advantages and limits of current pharmacological strategies developed to target chemokine networks for cancer therapy.

Importance: Infantile colic is a common cause of inconsolable crying during the first months of life and has been thought to be a pain syndrome. Migraine is a common cause of headache pain in childhood. Whether there is an association between these 2 types of pain in unknown., Objective: To investigate a possible association between infantile colic and migraines in childhood., Design, Setting, and Participants: A case-control study of 208 consecutive children aged 6 to 18 years presenting to the emergency department and diagnosed as having migraines in 3 European tertiary care hospitals between April 2012 and June 2012. The control group was composed of 471 children in the same age range who visited the emergency department of each participating center for minor trauma during the same period. A structured questionnaire identified personal history of infantile colic for case and control participants, confirmed by health booklets. A second study of 120 children diagnosed with tension-type headaches was done to test the specificity of the association., Main Outcomes and Measures: Difference in the prevalence of infantile colic between children with and without a diagnosis of migraine., Results: Children with migraine were more likely to have experienced infantile colic than those without migraine (72.6% vs 26.5%; odds ratio [OR], 6.61 [95% CI, 4.38-10.00]; P < .001), either migraine without aura (n = 142; 73.9% vs 26.5%; OR, 7.01 [95% CI, 4.43-11.09]; P < .001), or migraine with aura (n = 66; 69.7% vs 26.5%; OR, 5.73 [95% CI, 3.07-10.73]; P < .001). This association was not found for children with tension-type headache (35% vs 26.5%; OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 0.92-2.32]; P = .10)., Conclusion and Relevance: The presence of migraine in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years was associated with a history of infantile colic. Additional longitudinal studies are required.