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Sleep disturbances profoundly affect the quality of life in individuals with neurological disorders. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) holds promise for alleviating sleep symptoms, however, this technique necessitates automated sleep stage decoding from intracranial signals. We leveraged overnight data from 121 patients with movement disorders (Parkinsons disease, Essential Tremor, Dystonia, Essential Tremor, Huntingtons disease, and Tourettes syndrome) in whom synchronized polysomnograms and basal ganglia local field potentials were recorded, to develop a generalized, multi-class, sleep specific decoder - BGOOSE. This generalized model achieved 85% average accuracy across patients and across disease conditions, even in the presence of recordings from different basal ganglia targets. Furthermore, we also investigated the role of electrocorticography on decoding performances and proposed an optimal decoding map, which was shown to facilitate channel selection for optimal model performances. BGOOSE emerges as a powerful tool for generalized sleep decoding, offering exciting potentials for the precision stimulation delivery of DBS and better management of sleep disturbances in movement disorders.

When viewing the Mini LED display screen from a large angle, the color seam appearing at the edge of the module can disrupt the uniformity of the entire screen's bright state. This paper studies the formation mechanism of color seam and solves the problem by optimizing the packaging film structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tiled display has gradually become the development direction of super large screen display. A high transmittance greater than 80% and visual consistency with ΔE>0.5 in off state and Δu′v′>0.004 between multiple modules in display state MiniLED tiled display packaging scheme was proposed in this paper. The LED on the display substrate was wrapped by the barrier and diffusion particles. In addition, the glass cover plate with stable OD BM pattern is pasted above the display substrate to achieve consistency of blackness between multiple modules, with diamond black effect. This scheme is of great significance to the development of tiled display technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel color‐converted Mini‐LED Display was reported. And with unique 3D printing technology, the high bank can be realized. Then blue chips are combining with red phosphors by using 3D printing technique to achieve a high‐quality red light without Color Filter. The color gamut can reach more than NTSC100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) improves sleep qualities in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients; however, it remains elusive whether STN-DBS improves sleep by directly influencing the sleep circuit or alleviates other cardinal symptoms such as motor functions, other confounding factors including stimulation intensity may also involve. Studying the effect of microlesion effect (MLE) on sleep after STN-DBS electrode implantation may address this issue. Objective: To examine the influence of MLE on sleep quality and related factors in PD, as well as the effects of regional and lateral specific correlations with sleep outcomes after STN-DBS electrode implantation. Study Design: Case–control study; Level of evidence, 3. Data Sources and Methods: In 78 PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS surgery in our center, we compared the sleep qualities, motor performances, anti-Parkinsonian drug dosage, and emotional conditions at preoperative baseline and postoperative 1-month follow-up. We determined the related factors of sleep outcomes and visualized the electrodes position, simulated the MLE-engendered volume of tissue lesioned (VTL), and investigated sleep-related sweet/sour spots and laterality in STN. Results: MLE improves sleep quality with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) by 13.36% and Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale-2 (PDSS-2) by 17.95%. Motor (P = 0.014) and emotional (P = 0.001) improvements were both positively correlated with sleep improvements. However, MLE in STN associative subregions, as an independent factor, may cause sleep deterioration (r = 0.348, P = 0.002), and only the left STN showed significance (r = 0.327, P = 0.004). Sweet spot analysis also indicated part of the left STN associative subregion is the sour spot indicative of sleep deterioration. Conclusion: The MLE of STN-DBS can overall improve sleep quality in PD patients, with a positive correlation between motor and emotional improvements. However, independent of all other factors, the MLE in the STN associative subregion, particularly the left side, may cause sleep deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common disabling symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive impairment may contribute to FOG. Nevertheless, their correlations remain controversial. We aimed to investigate cognitive differences between PD patients with and without FOG (nFOG), explore correlations between FOG severity and cognitive performance and assess cognitive heterogeneity within the FOG patients. Methods: Seventy-four PD patients (41 FOG, 33 nFOG) and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments testing cognitive domains of global cognition, executive function/attention, working memory, and visuospatial function were performed. Cognitive performance was compared between groups using independent t-test and ANCOVA adjusting for age, sex, education, disease duration and motor symptoms. The k-means cluster analysis was used to explore cognitive heterogeneity within the FOG group. Correlation between FOG severity and cognition were analyzed using partial correlations. Results: FOG patients showed significantly poorer performance in global cognition (MoCA, p < 0.001), frontal lobe function (FAB, p = 0.015), attention and working memory (SDMT, p < 0.001) and executive function (SIE, p = 0.038) than nFOG patients. The FOG group was divided into two clusters using the cluster analysis, of which cluster 1 exhibited worse cognition, and with older age, lower improvement rate, higher FOGQ3 score, and higher proportion of levodopa-unresponsive FOG than cluster 2. Further, in the FOG group, cognition was significantly correlated with FOG severity in MoCA (r = −0.382, p = 0.021), Stroop-C (r = 0.362, p = 0.030) and SIE (r = 0.369, p = 0.027). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the cognitive impairments of FOG were mainly reflected by global cognition, frontal lobe function, executive function, attention and working memory. There may be heterogeneity in the cognitive impairment of FOG patients. Additionally, executive function was significantly correlated with FOG severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have reported the effects of age and disease duration on the efficacy of subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, available data involving these issues are not consistent. In particular, the effect of age and disease duration on the initial efficacy of STN‐DBS has not been established. Methods: A total of 51 patients with PD treated with bilateral STN‐DBS were involved in the present study. They received clinical symptom evaluation during the preoperative, initial, and chronic stages of surgery. The correlations between age when undergoing surgery/age at disease onset/disease duration and outcomes of STN‐DBS were measured. Results: The preoperative levodopa response was negatively associated with age. During the initial stage, the age when undergoing surgery and age at disease onset were negatively correlated with the effect on bradykinesia, with better symptom control of general symptoms in long‐term disease patients. Similarly, patients with an early time of surgery and disease onset and long‐term disease duration showed better control of bradykinesia and axial symptoms at the chronic stage. Furthermore, a long‐term disease duration and early disease onset benefited from an increase of therapeutic efficacy in general, rigid, and axial symptoms with STN‐DBS after a long period. Nevertheless, patients with late disease onset achieved a better relief of stigma. Conclusion: Age and disease durations played a unique role in controlling the symptoms of PD patients treated with STN‐DBS. These results may contribute to patient selection and adjustments of expectations of surgery, based on the age, disease duration, and different symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) refer to a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Emerging studies have shown that miRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, roles and mechanisms of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of meningioma are not fully understood. Here, we first reviewed existing research of aberrantly expressed miRNAs identified by high throughput microarray profiling in meningioma. We also explored the potential of miRNA as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for novel treatment paradigms of meningiomas. In addition, we summarized recent researches that focused on the possible mechanisms involved in miRNA-mediate meningioma occurrence and progression. This review provides an overview of miRNA deregulation in meningioma and indicates the potential of miRNAs to be used as biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two kinds of UV absorbers 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-5-sulphonic acid (HMBA) and cinnamic acid (CA) were successfully co-intercalated into the interlayer of Mg2ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDH) by a modified coprecipitation method to prepare novel UV-shielding material HMBA–CA-LDH for improving the anti-photoaging capability of polypropylene (PP). The characterization results reveal the presence of host–guest interactions between the LDH host layers and HMBA/CA guest anions as well as guest–guest interactions between guest anions in HMBA–CA-LDH, and the HMBA–CA-LDH has much stronger UV absorption capability than the HMBA intercalated LDH (HMBA-LDH) in the whole UV band and a much broader UV absorption band than the CA intercalated LDH (CA-LDH). A series of LDH/PP composites with evenly dispersed LDH nanosheets were prepared by incorporating the prepared LDHs into the matrix of PP via the solvent casting method. As expected, LDH/PP composites show higher thermal stability and better anti-photoaging ability than pristine PP. Interestingly, HMBA–CA-LDH/PP shows better anti-photoaging performance in comparison with HMBA-LDH/PP and CA-LDH/PP because of its better UV-shielding ability arising from the synergistic UV-shielding effects of both HMBA and CA, and the HMBA–CA-LDH can reduce the photodegradation of PP by about 85%. Hence, the prepared novel HMBA–CA-LDH has potential application in the field of PP as an efficient and promising UV-shielding material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal fibrosis, as the fundamental pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a pathologic extension of the normal wound healing process characterized by endothelium injury, myofibroblast activation, macrophage migration, inflammatory signaling stimulation, matrix deposition, and remodelling. Yet, the current method of treating renal fibrosis is fairly limited, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, angiotensin receptor blockade, optimal blood pressure control, and sodium bicarbonate for metabolic acidosis. MSCs are pluripotent adult stem cells that can differentiate into various types of tissue lineages, such as the cartilage (chondrocytes), bone (osteoblasts), fat (adipocytes), and muscle (myocytes). Because of their many advantages like ubiquitous sources, convenient procurement and collection, low immunogenicity, and low adverse effects, with their special identification markers, mesenchymal stem MSC-based therapy is getting more and more attention. Based on the mechanism of renal fibrosis, MSCs mostly participate throughout the renal fibrotic process. According to the latest and overall literature reviews, we aim to elucidate the antifibrotic mechanisms and effects of diverse sources of MSCs on renal fibrosis, assess their efficacy and safety in preliminarily clinical application, answer the controversial questions, and provide novel ideas into the MSC cellular therapy of renal fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the cadmium (Cd) levels in paddy fields have increased, which has led to the excessive uptake of Cd into rice grains. In this study, we determined the physicochemical properties of soil samples, including the pH, soil organic matter (SOM) content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and total Cd content (Cd soil ) in order to establish a quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) model for assessing the risk of Cd in rice and to calculate its prior probability. Decision tree and logistic regression models were also established for comparison. The results showed that the accuracy rate was 74% with QDA, which was significantly higher than that obtained using the decision tree (67%) and logistic regression (68%) models. The correlation coefficients between the soil pH and the other three factors (CEC, SOM, and Cd soil ) were higher in the inaccurate set than the accurate set, whereas the correlation coefficients were smaller in the inaccurate set than the accurate set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light stabilizers are widely used in the plastic industry to extend the service life of plastics for outdoor use. Herein, a novel organic–inorganic hybrid light stabilizer was prepared by co-intercalating a reducing agent sorbic acid (SA) and an UV absorber 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-5-sulphonic acid (UVA) into the interlayer galleries of MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDH) by a separate nucleation and aging steps method. The prepared SA–UVA–LDH was characterized by XRD, FT–IR, SEM, TG–DTA and UV–vis, and was added into the matrix of PP as light stabilizer to evaluate its stabilization efficiency. The results showed that SA–UVA–LDH was evenly distributed in PP, and can offer excellent UV–blocking effect for PP. The addition of SA–LDH, UVA–LDH and SA–UVA–LDH can enhance both the thermal and light stability of PP. It was found that the stabilizing mechanism of SA–LDH arising from the reducing ability of SA is different from the UV–blocking mechanism of UVA–LDH. SA–UVA–LDH/PP has better light stability than SA–LDH/PP and UVA–LDH/PP due to the existence of synergistic stabilizing effect between SA and UVA. Therefore, the prepared SA–UVA–LDH can be potentially used as novel hybrid light stabilizer for PP. Unlabelled Image • SA–UVA–LDH was prepared by co-intercalating a reductant (SA) and an UV absorber (UVA) into MgAl-LDH. • SA–UVA–LDH has good thermal stability and excellent UV-shielding property. • SA–UVA–LDH significantly improved the thermal and light stability of PP. • There are synergistic light stabilizing effects between SA and UVA in LDH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal stability and migration resistance of light stabilizers are vital for their applications in plastics. Herein, a novel nano organic–inorganic hybrid light stabilizer with high thermal stability and low solubility was prepared by intercalating a synthesized hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) with UV absorption capability into the interlayer galleries of MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDH) through co-precipitation method. The prepared HALS–LDH was characterized by XRD, FT–IR, SEM, TG–DTA and UV–vis, and was incorporated into the matrix of polypropylene (PP) via solvent casting method to prepare LDH/PP composite for light stability test. It was found that the synthesized HALS was successfully intercalated into the interlayer galleries of MgAl–LDH, forming an organic–inorganic hybrid material HALS–LDH with a mean size of 63 nm. HALS–LDH nanosheets were evenly dispersed in the matrix of PP, and the addition of HALS–LDH can retard the thermal decomposition of PP. Moreover, the incorporation of HALS–LDH significantly improved the light stability of PP and reduced the photo degradation of PP by about 83.2%. Therefore, the prepared novel HALS–LDH has potential application in the field of PP as an efficient and promising light stabilizer. Unlabelled Image • A hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) with UV absorption ability was synthesized. • HALS-LDH was prepared by intercalating HALS into LDH via co-precipitation method. • HALS-LDH has moderate UV absorption ability and high thermal stability. • HALS-LDH markedly improved both the thermal stability and light stability of PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric particulate matter pollution has attracted much wider attention globally. In recent years, the development of atmospheric particle collection techniques has put forwards new demands on the real-time source apportionments techniques. Such demands are summarized, in this paper, as how to set up new restraints in apportionment and how to develop a non-linear regression model to process complicated circumstances, such as the existence of secondary source and similar source. In this study, we firstly analyze the possible and potential restraints in single particle source apportionment, then propose a novel three-step self-feedback long short-term memory (SF-LSTM) network for approximating the source contribution. The proposed deep learning neural network includes three modules, as generation, scoring and refining, and regeneration modules. Benefited from the scoring modules, SF-LSTM implants four loss functions representing four restraints to be followed in the apportionment, meanwhile, the regeneration module calculates the source contribution in a non-linear way. The results show that the model outperforms the conventional regression methods in the overall performance of the four evaluation indicators (residual sum of squares, stability, sparsity, negativity) for the restraints. Additionally, in short time-resolution analyzing, SF-LSTM provides better results under the restraint of stability. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ribosomal RNA maturation is best understood in yeast. While substantial efforts have been made to explore parts of these essential pathways in animals, the similarities and uniquenesses of rRNA maturation factors in non-Opisthokonts remain largely unexplored. Eukaryotic ribosome synthesis requires the coordinated activities of hundreds of Assembly Factors (AFs) that transiently associate with pre-ribosomes, many of which are essential. Pno1 and Nob1 are two of six AFs that are required for the cytoplasmic maturation of the 20S pre-rRNA to 18S rRNA in yeast where it has been almost exclusively analyzed. Specifically, Nob1 ribonucleolytic activity generates the mature 3′-end of 18S rRNA. We identified putative Pno1 and Nob1 homologues in the protist Trypanosoma brucei , named Tb PNO1 and Tb NOB1, and set out to explore their rRNA maturation role further as they are both essential for normal growth. Tb PNO1 is a nuclear protein with limited cytosolic localization relative to its yeast homologue. Like in yeast, it interacts directly with Tb NOB1, with indications of associations with a larger AF-containing complex. Interestingly, in the absence of Tb PNO1, Tb NOB1 exhibits non-specific degradation activity on RNA substrates, and its cleavage activity becomes specific only in the presence of Tb PNO1, suggesting that Tb PNO1- Tb NOB1 interaction is essential for regulation and site-specificity of Tb NOB1 activity. These results highlight a conserved role of the Tb PNO1- Tb NOB1 complex in 18S rRNA maturation across eukaryotes; yet reveal a novel role of their interaction in regulation of Tb NOB1 enzymatic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is one of the most common sleep problems and represents a key prodromal marker in Parkinson's disease (PD). It remains unclear whether and how basal ganglia nuclei, structures that are directly involved in the pathology of PD, are implicated in the occurrence of RBD., Method: Here, in parallel with whole-night video polysomnography, we recorded local field potentials from two major basal ganglia structures, the globus pallidus internus and subthalamic nucleus, in two cohorts of patients with PD who had varied severity of RBD. Basal ganglia oscillatory patterns during RBD and REM sleep without atonia were analysed and compared with another age-matched cohort of patients with dystonia that served as controls., Results: We found that beta power in both basal ganglia nuclei was specifically elevated during REM sleep without atonia in patients with PD, but not in dystonia. Basal ganglia beta power during REM sleep positively correlated with the extent of atonia loss, with beta elevation preceding the activation of chin electromyogram activities by ~200 ms. The connectivity between basal ganglia beta power and chin muscular activities during REM sleep was significantly correlated with the clinical severity of RBD in PD., Conclusions: These findings support that basal ganglia activities are associated with if not directly contribute to the occurrence of RBD in PD. Our study expands the understanding of the role basal ganglia played in RBD and may foster improved therapies for RBD by interrupting the basal ganglia-muscular communication during REM sleep in PD., Competing Interests: Competing interests: W-JN received honoraria for talks unrelated to this manuscript from Medtronic that is a manufacturer of deep brain stimulation devices., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Keratin 1 (KRT1) is overexpressed in squamous carcinomas and associated with aggressive pathologies in breast cancer. Herein we report the design and preparation of the first Trp-based red fluorogenic amino acid, which is synthetically accessible in a few steps and displays excellent photophysical properties, and its application in a minimally-disruptive labelling strategy to prepare a new fluorogenic cyclopeptide for imaging of KRT1+ cells in whole intact tumour tissues., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The shared data is the unpublished portion of the experimental section for the article with the title "NHC-Au(I) catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular [4 + 3] cycloaddition of furan propargyl esters".[1] The preparation of the intermediates for chiral NHC-gold(I) complexes and the furan propargyl ester substrates are included in this article. The 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra of the gold complexes 17a-19c and the X-ray crystal data of 17a , 18a and cycloaddition product 24 are also provided in this article or in Mendeley Data. Finally, the chiral HPLC spectra used to determine enantiomeric excess and Cartesian coordinates of the optimized structure of 25 and 26 calculated by DFT calculation are also presented in the article.

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant sites within the body to establish secondary tumors. Although this is an inefficient process, the consequences are devastating as metastatic disease accounts for >90% of cancer-related deaths. The formation of metastases is the result of a series of events that allow cancer cells to escape from the primary site, survive in the lymphatic system or blood vessels, extravasate and grow at distant sites. The metastatic capacity of a tumor is determined by genetic and epigenetic changes within the cancer cells as well as contributions from cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mouse models have proven to be an important tool for unraveling the complex interactions involved in the metastatic cascade and delineating its many stages. Here, we critically appraise the strengths and weaknesses of the current mouse models and highlight the recent advances that have been made using these models in our understanding of metastasis. We also discuss the use of these models for testing potential therapies and the challenges associated with the translation of these findings into the provision of new and effective treatments for cancer patients., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)