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The business case constitutes an important instrumental motive for corporate social responsibility (CSR), but its relationship with other moral and relational motives remains controversial. In this article, we examine the articulation of motives for CSR among different stakeholders in Germany historically. On the basis of reports of German business associations, state agencies, unions, and nongovernmental organizations from 1970 to 2014, we show how the business case came to be a dominant motive for CSR by acting as a coalition magnet: the vocabulary was used strategically by key policy entrepreneurs, while being ambiguous for flexible interpretations by different stakeholders, and thereby growing in attractiveness. As a resulting discourse coalition emerged among business, state, and civil society actors, the moral and relational motives for CSR became increasingly marginalized. The article offers a new approach to studying motives and contributes to understanding the complementary or competing nature of different motives for CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributing to the literature on positive effects of overqualification, this research examines when and why perceived overqualification predicts affiliative and proactive performance at work. Integrating optimal distinctiveness theory with self‐construal theory, we propose that depending on the nature of an employee's self‐construal (i.e., independent, or interdependent), perceived overqualification will be associated with two opposing motivational processes—namely, differentiation and assimilation. We expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for assimilation when an employee has a strong interdependent self‐construal. Conversely, we expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for differentiation when an employee has a strong independent self‐construal. We further argue that assimilation‐seeking and differentiation‐seeking motives will be positively related to affiliative and proactive performance, respectively. We conducted two multi‐waved and multisourced studies to test our hypotheses. In a pilot study (N = 249), we first tested our moderation hypothesis. In our main study (N = 496), we tested our overall moderated mediation model. Results from both studies reveal that perceived overqualification can trigger a need for differentiation or assimilation in employees depending on the nature of their self‐construal. The differentiation‐seeking motive was positively related to proactive performance, while the assimilation‐seeking motive was positively related to affiliative performance. Our findings advance overqualification and motivation literatures and provide insights into talent acquisition and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the growing use of social egg freezing (SEF), research focusing on its psychological aspects is lacking. This study aimed to investigate possible psychological predictors, reasons, and outcomes of SEF in German-speaking countries. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 1,131 women (average age 31 years) who had never used medical egg freezing. The participants were at different stages of SEF decision-making: women who cannot imagine using SEF (SEF-non-use), women who can imagine using SEF (SEF-possible-use), women who plan to use SEF (SEF-planned-use), women who have used SEF (SEF-use), and women who have used their oocytes frozen during SEF for assisted reproduction (SEF + ART-use). Data on sociodemographic and psychological characteristics, attitudes towards motherhood, well-being, and reasons for SEF were assessed. We used multinomial logistic regression to identify predictors of SEF decision-making stages, principal components analysis to examine motives for SEF, and multiple linear regression to analyze associations between motives and psychological variables. Results: The probability of belonging to the SEF-use group rather than SEF-non-use was higher among childless single women with tertiary education, high levels of employment, and high importance placed on the genetic relationship to the child, and rose with increasing age and importance of motherhood. The probability of belonging to the SEF-use group rather than SEF-planned-use was higher among childless women with a high importance placed on the genetic relationship to the child, and increased with age. The probability of belonging to the SEF + ART-use group rather than SEF-use depended mainly on the presence of infertility. The women froze eggs mainly to gain time to fulfill their desire for conventional parenthood (59%), including finding the right partner and enabling a genetic relationship to the child. Using SEF to actively shape one's life and family planning was rather associated with positive psychological outcomes, whereas relying on SEF in the hope of personal and societal changes (e.g. improving fertility) was associated with negative outcomes. Conclusion: SEF users might be characterized as mainly single, career-oriented, and greatly valuing genetic motherhood. As the motives for SEF, rather than its use per se, might be linked to psychological variables, these should be considered when counseling and supporting women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies underscore the significant role of the outdoor environment in promoting physical and mental health, but at the same time research has shown that teenage girls are less active compared to boys. This is a multidimensional question that cannot be solved with one answer. This scoping review examined the relationship between the physical environment and the barriers to and the motives for using the public space. In this review, we define the public space as public squares, parks, and green spaces. Systematic searches in four online databases – PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Avery, and Scopus – were performed using a selection of environmental, gender, barrier, and motive terms. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies. A total of 9,539 articles were screened, 74 studies were included for full-text reading, and 27 articles were included in the final analysis. The review showed four overarching themes: Identity, leisure activities, social norms, and distance to public space and safety considerations that hinder teenage girls in using the public space. The 27 reviews allow us to conclude that outdoor settings can be seen as a comprehensive resource for enhancing both physical and mental health for teenage girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMany companies recognize the promises of social network sites (SNSs) for building and maintaining stakeholder relationships. Understanding SNS users’ motives for following company accounts is essential for their SNS strategies. This article investigates cultural differences between Western and Chinese users regarding SNS dependency, motives for following company accounts, and company SNS-related behaviors (following, consuming, engaging). An online survey (N = 388) was conducted in Western-Europe and China. Results show that Chinese users have a stronger SNS dependency and are more inclined to engage with company SNSs than Western users. While transactional motives are important for both groups of users, Chinese users have more relational motives than Western users. In the relation between cultural background and company SNS-related behaviors, two mediation effects were found: SNS dependency and the prominence of the social integration motive are significant mediators. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Methods Results Conclusion This study aimed to examine patient perceived reasons for thinking about suicide among individuals with first‐episode psychosis (FEP).Participants completed a baseline assessment followed by 28 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Baseline measures assessed lifetime suicidal ideation and reasons for thinking about suicide. EMA items assessed real‐time suicidal ideation and reasons for thinking about suicide.The average number of lifetime reasons for thinking about suicide was 11.47 ± 5.99, with the most commonly endorsed reasons being to get away or escape (81.6%), to stop bad feelings (71.1%), and to relieve feelings of aloneness, emptiness or isolation (57.9%). Only 31.6% of participants endorsed positive symptoms as a lifetime reason for thinking about suicide. EMA results were consistent with lifetime data. Participants typically endorsed multiple reasons (2.15 ± 0.71), with the desire to escape and to stop bad feelings being the most commonly endorsed items. Psychosis was endorsed as a reason for thinking about suicide during 16.3% of instances of ideation during EMA.These findings highlight the multi‐faceted nature of suicide risk in psychosis. Interestingly, positive symptoms were not frequently endorsed as reasons for thinking about suicide from the patient's perspective. Further research is needed to identify when and for whom positive symptoms contribute to suicide risk. Additionally, our results identify important risk factors for further study, namely the desire to escape and/or stop bad feelings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for both the physical and psychological health of prostate cancer (PCa) survivors. This study identified and examined motives for PA in a cross-section of PCa survivors, including both men in remission and those receiving treatment in the form of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Sixteen PCa survivors from Auckland, New Zealand were individually interviewed. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Both groups of men were motivated to engage in PA post-diagnosis to obtain and experience the physical, mental, and cognitive health-related benefits associated with regular PA engagement. Past history of PA was also identified as a motive for current PA for men in remission. These findings provide important insight into how PCa survivors perceive the benefits of PA as a part of their cancer survivorship. Healthcare practitioners, exercise physiologists, and cancer support organizations can use this information to further improve PCa survivors' quality of life and overall cancer survivorship by better promoting PA to these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information avoidance (IA) is a prevalent information behavior that is used by people to understand and act on environmental issues, yet is understudied in the environmental field, leaving us with an incomplete picture of environmental communication processes and outcomes. Compounding this partial knowledge is a lack of research into people's own conceptions of IA. Considering these issues together calls for exploratory research into people's lived experiences of environmental IA. To do so, we focused on a factor that drives behaviors like IA: motives. We investigated environmental IA motives among those living in the US and used the pre-theoretical planned risk information avoidance (PRIA) model to compare and contrast our findings. To undertake this work, we developed a short questionnaire; research company YouGov administered the project. They recruited our participants, who were panel members from their US panel, n = 200. We analyzed open-ended data on participants' IA motives with a framework thematic analysis, identifying seven motives: information credibility and exposure; interpersonal relationship frames; emotional arousal; agency; hazard perceptions; and environmental topics. These findings provide three contributions to environmental IA research. First, three of these motives have been under and/or unexplored in IA studies to date, and we suggest their inclusion in an expanded PRIA model to forward model development. Three other motives indicate boundary conditions associated with environmental issues and IA: scale, timeframe, and referents. Boundary conditions represent how well a theory or model fits into a research context and can sharpen future IA investigations within environmental contexts to increase predictive and explanatory power. Lastly, we also identified the top environmental issues our participants wanted to avoid. Our results provide an initial base to continue developing environmental IA research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of higher education studies is a key moment for students with disabilities. In this line, the progressive increase in the number of students with disabilities at Spanish universities implies an imminent need to delve further into the reasons that have led them to choose university studies. A total of 91 university graduates with disabilities from different Spanish universities participated in this study. The data were obtained through semi-structured individual interviews and, subsequently, a mixed methods analysis was carried out. On the one hand, the obtained qualitative results indicate that decision-making is mainly based on personal interest. A significant proportion of respondents also referred to other factors, including family, disability and specialisation. On the other hand, the quantitative results define significant associations between various factors, such as gender, type of disability and area of expertise. In conclusion, these results are relevant in terms of guaranteeing the university success of students with disabilities, since, although the choice of degree is a complex issue due to the diversity of factors involved, having this information would allow universities to anticipate in order to favour their vocational development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volunteering is one way for social work students to access social intervention spaces. It has been shown to have positive impacts on both academic training and professional development. However, the data on volunteering participation indicate that Spain has a lower percentage of university student involvement than other countries, with increasing difficulties in attracting this group to volunteering. This article presents an empirical study of volunteering motives and benefits and their relationship with final levels of satisfaction among students. A survey was conducted among social work students (N = 1.034) from two Spanish universities, which produced a sub-sample (N = 212) that allowed for the analysis of correlations between volunteering satisfaction, motives and benefits. The results show that although motives are based on social conscience and commitment, the highest levels of satisfaction among students are linked to benefits in terms of emotional wellbeing rather than academic or professional development. These findings can help volunteer organizations to adjust or take into account these expectations when designing the profiles of positions and considering how to manage the participation of student social workers who are volunteering at their entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study explored the reasons underlying pregnant women's reluctance to undergo cesarean sections in Togo, despite its importance in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. A total of 397 pregnant women who expressed hesitancy toward cesarean sections were enrolled during routine prenatal care visits at the country's largest hospital. They completed a questionnaire comprising 72 statements addressing potential reasons for hesitancy toward cesarean sections. Their responses were analyzed using factor analysis, and the effects of participants' demographic characteristics on scores for each factor were assessed using ANOVA. A seven-factor structure of motives was found: Fear of Death (endorsed by 92% of the sample); Regaining Autonomy Quickly (87%); Financial Concerns (74%); Fear of Stigmatization (73%); Fear of Unsupportive Reactions from Spouses and Relatives (72%); Prevention Through Spiritual Interventions (70%); and Perceived Health Risks for the Mother and Baby (40%). Scores on these factors were related to participants' sociodemographic characteristics. Effectively addressing the low uptake of cesarean section requires a multifaceted approach rather than one focused on a single barrier. Our findings suggest critical points that could help develop tailored interventions to address the various obstacles to this life-saving care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the idea of a flat earth may seem absurd in the twenty-first century, there is today a large and growing number of people who believe it. Who are these people and what animates their belief? In answering these questions, this article aims to articulate a cultural psychological approach to conspiracy theories. This is advanced through an in-depth narrative analysis of three individuals' life stories concerning before, during, and after the transition to the new belief. Thus, rather than starting from the typical look at what socio-demographic factors predict conspiracy beliefs, we start from a nuanced look at flat earth believers' own life worlds. We show how different individual motives (epistemological, social and existential) and knowledge systems (scientific, religious, societal) come together in individuals' adoption and reconstruction of conspiracy theories so that they resonate with believers' personal lives. Most importantly, flat earth theory offers people a comprehensive vision that places human beings at the center of the universe and provides arguments for how life is meaningful. However, we show that this is reached through different pathways in accordance with people's unique life histories and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study identified common motives for nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUS) among community college (CC) students and examined behavioral and demographic correlates of certain motives. Participants: The survey was completed by 3,113 CC students (72.4% female; 81.7% White). Methods: Survey results from 10 CCs were evaluated. Results: NMUS was reported by 9% (n = 269) participants. The most common motive for NMUS was to "focus on studies or to improve academic performance" (67.5%) followed by to "have more energy" (52.4%). Females were more likely to report NMUS for weight loss, and males were more likely to report NMUS to experiment. The motive "to feel good or get high" was linked to polysubstance use. Conclusions: CC students report similar motives for NMUS to those commonly endorsed by 4-year university students. These findings may help identify CC students susceptible to risky substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates riding motorcycles as a serious leisure activity, and the motives and constraints of motorcycle leisure. The research is designed to develop a new scale on motorcycle leisure, hence followed the methodological phases of scale development. Following an extensive literature review on the research topic, a mixed-method primary data collection was executed. Through convenient sampling, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were held with 27 motorcyclists, who travel with their motorcycles for leisure purposes. Based on the findings of this initial data, structured interviews were conducted with further 33 motorcyclists. The cross-analysed findings of the two-staged interview phase alongside the findings of two focus group studies held with motorcyclists and academic experts respectively, were, then, used to identify the scale items. The scale was tested and validated on 486 survey participants, reached during several motorcyclist leisure events. The results indicate that the most important motives for motorcycle leisure are grouped under enjoyment, convenience and adventure-seeking. The constraints, in the meantime, were detected as work- and time-related restrictions, climate, accidents, fear of acquaintances and high costs of motorcycles and their parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hiking is one of the most popular and significant recreational activities in natural settings, yet hiking tourists are often not distinguished from the broader population of nature-based tourists. This study aimed to identify distinct segments of hiking tourists based on their motivations and to explore the relationship between segmentation, motivations, and their satisfaction with the hiking experience. Using a questionnaire survey of 262 hiking tourists in Taiwan and multivariate statistical techniques, four hiking motives—"relaxation", "social interaction", "competence and exploration", and "mental refreshment"—were identified, and four segments of hiking tourists—"mental refreshment seekers", "social hikers", "challenge seekers", and "general purpose hikers"—were classified, respectively. While all segments reported high levels of satisfaction, their satisfaction was influenced by different motives. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of hiking motives and provides practical recommendations for enhancing hiking experiences and nature conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the relationships between motives, skepticism and brands evaluations in the LGBT-friendly branding hotels context. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey is created and 278 LGBT participants are recruited through a consumer panels firm. The research model is tested through structural equation modeling. Findings: Values-, stakeholder- and strategic-driven motives are negatively related to skepticism, while egoistic-driven motive is positively related to skepticism. Also, sexual orientation openness moderates the relationship between stakeholder-driven motives and skepticism. Finally, skepticism is negatively related to brands evaluations. Research limitations/implications: The research findings are limited to the LGBT-friendly hotels. However, this research contributes to the CSR and LGBT consumer research by examining the relationships between the four motives and skepticism considering LGBT customers' sexual orientation openness level. Practical implications: Hotels should devote greater efforts to communicating that their LGBT-friendly branding efforts are genuine by acknowledging both the social benefits and the business interests. Social implications: As more and more hotels promote themselves as LGBT-friendly brands, a key challenge is reducing skepticism by appropriately conveying their motives. This research sheds light on this critical issue. Originality/value: Although existent research on LGBT-friendliness has established its importance; there is a lack of understanding as to how customers perceive LGBT-friendly branding hotels. This research examines the four motives of hotels presenting themselves as being LGBT-friendly and their relationships to skepticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rise of short video applications has become a defining feature of modern digital media consumption, drawing increasing attention from researchers due to issues related to short video addiction. While earlier studies have examined the perceived stress as a cause of short video addiction, there is limited understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between these two variables. Building on compensatory Internet use (CIU) theory, this study introduces an extended model (E-CIU) to explore how stress, compensatory motivations (i.e., social interaction and relaxing entertainment), and affective responses (i.e., immersion and attitude) relate to short video addiction. This study also examines differences between the age groups. Methods: Data from 319 Chinese short video users were tested applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and PLS-SEM multigroup analysis. Results: Findings indicate that stress, immersion, and attitude each contribute positively to short video addiction. Stress is linked to both social interaction and relaxing entertainment. While both factors positively affect attitude toward short videos, only relaxing entertainment enhances immersion. Results confirmed the perceived stress indirectly influences short video addiction through a serial mediating pathway comprising motivations and affective responses. Moreover, the study shows that perceived stress influences social interaction, relaxing entertainment influences attitude and immersion, and social interaction influences immersion across all age groups. The study further identified variations in how different groups experience the relationship between stress and addiction, stress and relaxation, attitude and addiction, and immersion and addiction. Discussion: Consequently, this study enriches the understanding of the E-CIU as a new theoretical model of short video addiction. These insights offer practical recommendations for short video applications to address user engagement and addiction more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a dire paucity of research into the burden, correlates and motives of substance use among trans young people in Australia. Method: Using data from a national survey of Australian trans young people (N = 859, Mage = 19.4), we estimated prevalence of past 6‐month substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, other drugs) and lifetime substance use disorder diagnoses. Covariate‐adjusted multivariate logistic regression models tested associations between substance use types with 18 interpersonal factors. Open‐ended responses regarding substance use motives (n = 489) were qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis with an interpretative phenomenological approach. Results: Prevalence of lifetime substance use disorder diagnosis was 13.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.1, 16.1). Alcohol use was most reported (72.4%; 95% CI 68.9, 75.6) followed by tobacco (31.1%; 95% CI 27.7, 34.6) and cannabis (30.6%; 95% CI 27.2, 34.2). Trans women reported highest rates of alcohol and cannabis use; use of other drugs was highest among trans men. Highest risk of substance use was observed among trans youth who experienced discrimination, intimate partner abuse, peer rejection and lack of family support (adjusted odds ratios ranging 1.5 to 3.0). Four multi‐levelled themes of substance use motives were identified: circumstantial use, somatic use, feeling better about oneself and one's life, and harm reduction. Discussion and Conclusions: While substance use among trans young is largely circumstantial, hedonistic and altruistic, facilitating self‐exploration, friendship and community connectedness, substance use among trans young people is highly prevalent and may be used to cope with sleep difficulties, depression/anxiety and cisnormativity, including delays and waitlists for accessing gender‐affirming care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let k be a field of characteristic zero with a fixed embedding into the field of complex numbers. Given a k-variety X, we use the triangulated category of étale motives with rational coefficients on X to construct an abelian category M.X/of perverse mixed motives. We show that over Spec.k/the category obtained is canonically equivalent to the usual category of Nori motives and that the derived categories Db.M.X//are equipped with the four operations of Grothendieck (for morphisms of quasi-projective k-varieties) as well as nearby and vanishing cycles functors and a formalism of weights. In particular, as an application, we show that many classical constructions done with perverse sheaves, such as intersection cohomology groups or Leray spectral sequences, are motivic and therefore compatible with Hodge theory. This recovers and strengthens work by Zucker, Saito, Arapura and de Cataldo-Migliorini and provides an arithmetic proof of the pureness of intersection cohomology with coefficients in a geometric variation of Hodge structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abundant collection of literature investigates why migrants remit. Migrants' remittance‐sending practices can be driven by either altruism or the insurance motive. In this study, I first develop a stylized theoretical framework that generates testable predictions regarding the two frequently discussed motives. Then, using a panel data set pooled from three waves of the China Laborforce Dynamic Survey (2012–2016), I find empirical evidence for migrants' remittance‐sending practices under mixed motives that incorporate both altruism and insurance. Findings presented in this study are of great significance in understanding family ties and the risk sharing mechanism between rural‐to‐urban migrants and households of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyberterrorism is an important international relations issue as it poses formidable challenges to international security due to its unanimity and easier reach to broad masses. Fighting cyberterrorism necessitates understanding what kinds of actors resort to it, what motivates them, what are their intentions and targets, what kind of means they employ, and what kind of effects their actions cause. This study addresses the actors, targets, motives, intentions, means, and effects of cyberterrorism and how they have evolved to contribute to providing effective counter-measures and safeguards. To this end, after the introduction, the study first provides a conceptual framework to assess the evolution of cyberterrorism by focusing on its key attributes. Second, it explores the evolution of actors in cyberterrorism. Third, the study focuses on the evolution of motives and intentions in cyberterrorism. Fourth, it examines the evolution of targets, means, and effects in cyberterrorism. The conclusion highlights the transnational nature of cyberterrorism and calls for reciprocating to it in kind.

The present study investigates the familiarity of main touristic destinations that are present in Alba County from the tourist’s point of view. In order to respond to the purpose of the paper the authors formulated a series of objectives. With the help of the first objective, the authors identified if the respondents visited Alba County as tourists; the second objective investigated regards the familiarity of the main objectives included in the study from the point of view of the respondents and the third objective studies the reasons that determine the tourists to return to visit the same objective multiple times.

The dastan “Idegey” gained popularity in all regions where Tatars lived. This article will focus on the variants of the dastan collected in the Tatar villages of Western Siberia and the Teleutes. The object of the work is to explore variants of the Tatar version of the folk epic “Idegey”. The subject of the work is the area of distribution of the dastan and the variants found in the specified territory, their ideological and thematic – as well as lexico-stylistic and dialectal – features associated with local affiliation. The aim of the work is to identify all the variants recorded in Siberia, as well as to provide information about folklore researchers who collected and studied dastan, assessing the contribution of each of the researchers and describing historical inaccuracies of fragments and excerpts published in different years. The research materials were archival and published versions of the Tatar dastan “Idegey”. Information from literary and historical sources and scientific research was used. The works of famous folklorists were involved, in particular numerous studies and publications of recent years. We propose to analyze the variants of the Tatar version which were found orally or in wri­ting in different settlements of Siberia and the border regions. They were recorded by informants belonging to different ethnic groups of the Siberian Tatars and preserving dialectal features. The second part was recorded by immigrants from the Volga region, more precisely from villages belonging to the regions of Tatarstan, or copied from texts preserved in their manuscripts. The article considers each option separately, highlights the main motives and plot features, and provides the most complete information about each option to date.

Industrialized agriculture, characterized by high inputs, large-scale monocultures, and confined livestock production, with a narrow focus on profit, is a major transgressor of societal and planetary boundaries. It fuels climate change, biodiversity loss, water and soil degradation, nutritional deficiencies, public health issues, cultural erosion, and socioeconomic inequalities. As early-career researchers in agricultural sciences, we are concerned about these systemic crises and recognize that participating in normative academic practices without reflection may reinforce the prevailing industrialized food system. Motivated by the dissonance between the potential impact of our work and our vision of a better future, in this paper we describe and challenge academic praxis in agricultural sciences to tackle the interconnected crises. We do this by developing a framework of two drivers of academic knowledge production, power and values, and two mechanisms, motives and relationality. We argue that in the current dominant food system, power is consolidated and hierarchical, driven by the values of growthism and reductionism, motivated by efficiency and productivism, and characterized by extractive and anthropocentric relationality. Furthermore, we highlight evidence of the negative outcomes associated with this system, including the challenges we face and may potentially contribute to as participants. We then envision transformed food systems through examples of counter-hegemonic knowledge production systems, grounded in agroecological principles, in which power is distributed and horizontal, the primary values are solidarity and holism, motives enhance sufficiency and sovereignty, and relationality is reciprocal and based on care. By examining the current system and offering examples of alternatives, we aim to help distinguish between research that upholds the statu-quo and research that fosters change. We aim to inspire ourselves and others to reconnect with our agency and contribute towards transformed knowledge systems where food systems, underpinned by the values of agroecology, are more capable of sustaining life on this planet in an equitable and just manner.

Background: This study examined associations between cannabis use among U.S. adults with chronic health conditions in a nationally representative sample. Methods: Four cross-sectional waves of data from the BRFSS were used, spanning 2017–2020. Multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed (a) whether number of self-reported chronic health conditions was associated with current cannabis use in the past 30-days, and (b) whether type of major chronic health conditions reported was associated with using cannabis for medical reasons in the past 30-days. Results: From 2017 to 2020, the prevalence of past month cannabis use increased among all age groups, with the largest percent change occurring in the middle-aged adult group (6.5% to 10.8%). Individuals with more chronic health conditions had higher odds of using cannabis in the past month. Individuals who had arthritis, cancer (other than skin cancer), HIV/AIDS, COPD, and/or depressive disorder had higher odds of using cannabis for medical reasons. Conclusions: As states across America weigh the implications of making medical and/or recreational cannabis use legal, future research should specifically explore persons with chronic diseases who are cannabis users, as these individuals may represent a high-risk population that is self-medicating to mask symptoms and may need more attention from medical and public health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hiking is one of the most popular and significant recreational activities in natural settings, yet hiking tourists are often not distinguished from the broader population of nature-based tourists. This study aimed to identify distinct segments of hiking tourists based on their motivations and to explore the relationship between segmentation, motivations, and their satisfaction with the hiking experience. Using a questionnaire survey of 262 hiking tourists in Taiwan and multivariate statistical techniques, four hiking motives—“relaxation”, “social interaction”, “competence and exploration”, and “mental refreshment”—were identified, and four segments of hiking tourists—“mental refreshment seekers”, “social hikers”, “challenge seekers”, and “general purpose hikers”—were classified, respectively. While all segments reported high levels of satisfaction, their satisfaction was influenced by different motives. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of hiking motives and provides practical recommendations for enhancing hiking experiences and nature conservation.

Abstract Postponed parenthood is considered one of the most extensive changes in the process of family formation. Among the many reasons for deferred parenthood, those related to greater feelings of incompetence as a potential parent, self-focus, perceiving parenthood as a burden, fearing the changes that the birth of a child may bring to a person’s life, financial insecurity, and worrying about the child’s future seem particularly important. Since little is known about the motives for delayed parenthood in relation to anxiety and psychological maturity, the main goal of our study was to verify how these variables may be related to each other and whether maturity for parenthood mediates the direct association between anxiety and the motives for delayed parenthood. The sample consisted of 223 Polish adults (the age range of the participants was 18–44 years). The respondents completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Maturity to Parenthood Scale (MPS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Motives for Postponing Parenthood (MSMPP-18). The results showed positive correlations between anxiety and four (uncertainty, burden, change, and finance) of the six motives for postponing parenthood and postponed parenthood overall. Maturity for parenting and all its dimensions correlated negatively with anxiety and all factors of postponed parenthood, except worry about the child’s future. In all six of the seven models (except “worry”), at least one of the factors of maturity to parenthood mediated the relationship between trait anxiety and motives for postponing parenthood/total score. Based on the results it can be assumed that a tendency to direct attention to a threat related to the context of child-bearing and child-rearing may lead to lower maturity to parenthood, which in turn may result in various motives for postponing parenthood.

This study identified the significant COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and intention to uptake motives and sociodemographic predictors among vaccinated Malaysian adults. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered online questionnaire adapted from the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and extended based on previous studies was used to solicit data from 698 Malaysians. A theoretical framework comprising Trust, Vaccine Concerns, Unreliable Entities, Uptake Influencers, Brand Influencers, and Brand_Side-effect was used as a guide to assess intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines in the future. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed Trust, Vaccine Concerns, Brand_Side-effect and Uptake Influencers to significantly predict intention to receive vaccines in the future when controlled for sociodemographic correlates. Ethnicity and technology literacy were found to have significant impacts on future vaccine uptake. Age significantly correlated with intention to be vaccinated as well. Underlying motives and sociodemographic correlates were identified for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake. Plain Language Summary: COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy and uptake This study investigated COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and intention to uptake among 698 vaccinated Malaysian adults, using a self-administered online questionnaire based on the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and a theoretical framework encompassing Trust, Vaccine Concerns, Unreliable Entities, Uptake Influencers, Brand Influencers, and Brand_Side-effect. The analysis, conducted through hierarchical linear regressions, revealed significant predictors for future vaccine intention, including Trust, Vaccine Concerns, brand side effects, and Uptake Influencers, after controlling for sociodemographic factors. Ethnicity, technology literacy, and age were identified as significant influencers on future vaccine uptake. This study provides insights into the underlying motives and sociodemographic correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake among Malaysians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective is to review motives and barriers for non‐reproductive, living substance of human origin (SoHO) donation, and to extend existing typologies beyond blood. The expansion of SoHO collection is currently unmatched by increased living donors. Thus, there is a critical need to understand how to effectively recruit and retain donors to ensure a sustainable supply of SoHO. We undertook a rapid review and narrative synthesis of published, peer‐reviewed literature reporting on motives and/or barriers for living SoHO donation (whole‐blood, blood products [2009–2023], bone marrow/stem cells, cord blood, organ, human breast milk, intestinal microbiota [2000–2023]). Results were interpreted through directed qualitative content analysis using an extended typology of motives/barriers largely drawn from blood donation research, and subsequently refined based on results to be inclusive of other SoHO. 234 articles with 237 studies met review criteria. Most were quantitative (74.3%), conducted in Western countries (63.8%), focused on blood donation (64.2%), reported motives and barriers (51.9%) and did not examine differences by donor characteristics or history (74%). We present a revised typology inclusive of motives/barriers for donation of substances beyond blood. This shows while broader motives and barriers are shared across substances donated, there are critical differences at the subcategory level that may account for heterogeneity in results of prior interventions. The nuances in how broad categories of motives and barriers manifest across different SoHO are critical for blood collection agencies to consider as they attempt to expand collection of products beyond whole‐blood, plasma, and platelets. What is known about the topic?: Blood collection agencies (BCAs) continue to expand SoHO product collection beyond whole‐blood, plasma, and platelets.The demand for SoHO is currently unmatched by increased living donors.The need to understand how to recruit new and retain existing living donors to ensure a sustainable supply of SoHO remains critical. However, there is no available synthesis of the factors, such as motives/facilitators and barriers/deterrents, to inform our understanding. What is new?: Comprehensively reviewed evidence for motives and barriers of willing/actual donors and nondonors across all types of non‐reproductive living SoHO donation.Explored variations in motives and barriers based on substance, donor history and demographic differences (gender, age, ethnicity or culture).Extended typology of motives and barriers inclusive of all non‐reproductive living SoHO, beyond solely whole‐blood and blood products.Identified that while there are commonalities in the overarching motive and barrier categories across substances (e.g., prosocial motivation, low self‐efficacy), within these broader constructs there are differences at the subcategory level (e.g., low‐self efficacy was about eligibility, lifestyle barriers, or lack/loss of financial or material resources depending on the substance donated) that are crucial for development of future interventions and for BCAs to consider as they expand SoHO product collection.Highlighted the continued focus on motives and barriers for whole‐blood and blood product donation to the exclusion of other, particularly newer, SoHO; lack of qualitative work for newer SoHO; and lack of consideration of differences based on donor characteristics (especially ethnicity/culture) and donor history, which limits our understanding. What are the key questions for future work on the topic?: What are the motives and barriers (in both qualitative and quantitative studies) for donation of newer SoHO such as stem cells, cord blood, human milk, and intestinal microbiota?Are there differences in motives and barriers within and across SoHO that are informed by individual and contextual‐level factors?How can we develop interventions that respond to the nuances of motives and barriers present across different forms of SoHO that are effective in encouraging new and maintaining continuing donors? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land users' motives for participating in conservation and restoration activities are influenced by the local and broader scale contexts and are often determined by their perceptions of the current situation. Therefore, understanding land users' views is essential for gaining insights into the opportunities and constraints for ecosystem restoration. In this study, we sought to understand land users' perceptions of alien wattle (Acacia spp.) clearing activities and explore opportunities and challenges to wattle management as perceived by two groups of land users, i.e., communal land users and commercial livestock farmers, in the upper Umzimvubu catchment, South Africa. The results show marked differences in the key barriers and motives for participation by the two groups. Improvement in water flow was the most cited positive change from wattle clearing mentioned by commercial (75%) and communal (71%) farmers. Most commercial farmers (75%) cited improved grazing as one of the clearing benefits compared to only 39% of communal land users. Employment opportunity was a key motive mentioned by communal land users (25%). In contrast, most commercial farmers mentioned securing good grazing (50%) and water supply (33%) as important motives for removing wattle. Most commercial farmers mentioned high costs (35%) incurred when controlling wattle as the main barrier, whereas communal land users mentioned their old age (20%) and thus physical inability as the main barrier preventing them from maintaining cleared areas. These findings highlight the need to consider a mix of incentives that may effectively engage different land users in invasive alien plant clearing in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have consistently found that hedonic and eudaimonic motives positively predict subjective well-being. In this study, we emphasized the importance of considering curvilinear effects alongside main effects and interactions to fully understand these relationships. Using polynomial regression models, we examined the relationships between hedonic motives, eudaimonic motives, and subjective well-being. To examine both trait-level and momentary-level relations with well-being, we used experience sampling methodology to collect real-time data from 161 participants over a 7-day period. Our findings suggested that engaging in activities towards fulfilling both motives was associated with positive experiences, and individuals with high levels of hedonic and eudaimonic motives in their daily lives generally reported higher subjective well-being. Nevertheless, we also identified negative interaction effects between both motives on subjective well-being, which imply that there may be a limit to the positive contributions of combinations of both motives to subjective well-being. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the nuanced relationships between hedonic and eudaimonic motives and subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Physical activity (PA) declines during the transition to university. Identifying contributing factors is imperative. Participants: Participants were first-year undergraduate students (N = 283). Methods: Participants completed validated surveys. Participants were categorized as meeting PA guidelines or not meeting PA guidelines. MANCOVA's with Bonferroni correction and Kruskal Wallis tests examined differences in PA motives and self-efficacy to overcome PA barriers across PA groups. Results: Significant multivariate effects were observed across PA groups for PA motives and self-efficacy. Univariate analyses revealed students meeting PA guidelines reported significantly higher PA motives of fitness/health management, appearance/weight management, and stress/mood management compared to students not meeting PA guidelines. Students meeting PA guidelines reported significantly higher self-efficacy for all PA barriers compared to students not meeting PA guidelines. Conclusions: Universities should prioritize education about the physical and psychological benefits of PA and teach first-year students behavioral skills to increase PA motivation, self-efficacy, and PA behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hispanic/Latinx (hereafter Latinx) persons are an established tobacco disparities population in the United States (US). Past work has suggested that individual differences in anxiety sensitivity, or the fear of arousal-based sensations, is one important cognitive construct for smoking maintenance and relapse among Latinx persons who smoke. However, previous research has not examined if anxiety sensitivity is associated with motivational facets of smoking dependence among this tobacco disparities population. In the current study, anxiety sensitivity was explored in terms of smoking motives for primary, secondary, and overall cigarette dependence. Participants included 336 English-speaking Latinx adults in the US who smoked cigarettes daily (Mage = 35.53, SD = 8.65, 37.3% Female). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was statistically significantly and positively related to higher primary and secondary dependence motives and marginally statistically significant to cigarette dependence; findings were evident after adjusting for numerous theoretically relevant variables (e.g., depression). Overall, the current study is the first to document linkages between anxiety sensitivity and numerous motivational bases of tobacco dependence among Latinx persons who smoke from the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides insights into differences in carsharing users' attitudes, motives for joining carsharing, and transport behaviour between users with and without another car at their disposal. It builds on revealed and stated data about members of the oldest carsharing company in the Czech Republic. Carsharing adopters without a car utilise shared cars more intensively than carsharing users with a car available in their household. On the other hand, unlike the second group, they drive fewer kilometres by car in total. The car availability in households also influences the shift in car use after joining carsharing. The sale of a car thanks to adopting carsharing is a factor leading to a decrease in overall car use. Those who have a car at their disposal within their household have a lower probability of decreasing kilometres driven after joining carsharing. Households without an additional car available seem to be less car-dependent on average than those utilising carsharing as a second or third car. They tend to be more environmentally conscious and more inclined towards policies supporting alternative modes and restricting private car use, although both groups share these beliefs. The findings open a debate over whether carsharing increases the legitimacy of restrictive transport measures against private car ownership and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a quick proof of the fact that the relative de Rham cohomology groups H dR i (X / S) of a smooth and proper map X/S between schemes over Q are vector bundles on the base, replacing Hodge-theoretic and transcendental methods with A 1 -homotopy theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of people that intentionally avoid the news is growing. This could have several personal and societal implications. Previous research exposed various motives to avoid news, which lead to different manifestations of news avoidance, and consequently different implications. However, so far less is known about the differences in news avoidance types. In this study, we aim to explore different profiles of news avoiders beyond demographics, based on their motives to avoid news, values in life and personality traits. We analyze how this relates to background characteristics, the degree of news avoidance (occasional, regular, consistent), and news consumption. We rely on a survey conducted in The Netherlands (N = 2798) in March 2022. We conducted a Latent Profile Analysis and found seven news avoiders' profiles: (1) interested occasional avoider; (2) emotive occasional avoider; (3) critical occasional avoider; (4) status-driven occasional avoider; (5) skeptical frequent avoider; (6) news outsider; and (7) convinced frequent avoider. This provides a nuanced picture of news avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postponed parenthood is considered one of the most extensive changes in the process of family formation. Among the many reasons for deferred parenthood, those related to greater feelings of incompetence as a potential parent, self-focus, perceiving parenthood as a burden, fearing the changes that the birth of a child may bring to a person's life, financial insecurity, and worrying about the child's future seem particularly important. Since little is known about the motives for delayed parenthood in relation to anxiety and psychological maturity, the main goal of our study was to verify how these variables may be related to each other and whether maturity for parenthood mediates the direct association between anxiety and the motives for delayed parenthood. The sample consisted of 223 Polish adults (the age range of the participants was 18–44 years). The respondents completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Maturity to Parenthood Scale (MPS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Motives for Postponing Parenthood (MSMPP-18). The results showed positive correlations between anxiety and four (uncertainty, burden, change, and finance) of the six motives for postponing parenthood and postponed parenthood overall. Maturity for parenting and all its dimensions correlated negatively with anxiety and all factors of postponed parenthood, except worry about the child's future. In all six of the seven models (except "worry"), at least one of the factors of maturity to parenthood mediated the relationship between trait anxiety and motives for postponing parenthood/total score. Based on the results it can be assumed that a tendency to direct attention to a threat related to the context of child-bearing and child-rearing may lead to lower maturity to parenthood, which in turn may result in various motives for postponing parenthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is multifaceted and can have significant negative consequences. The present study examined the contribution of cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and emotional factors as predictors for IGD severity. In a cross-sectional study, 703 Iranian adolescents (36.8% females, mean age = 16.98 years [SD = 1.23]) completed an online survey. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and emotional factors predicted 7.8%, 17.4%, 1.4%, and 1.9% of the variance in IGD symptoms, respectively. The findings indicated that the cognitive factors including some maladaptive cognitions, such as cognitive salience, regret, and perfectionism, and metacognitive factors including some maladaptive metacognitions (negative metacognitions regarding the uncontrollability of online gaming and negative metacognitions regarding the dangers of online gaming) were significant predictors of IGD severity, highlighting their importance in understanding and predicting problematic gaming behaviors. Although contributing to the variance in IGD, motivational factors (escape, coping, and skill development) and emotional factors including emotion regulation (especially reappraisal) played relatively smaller roles compared to cognitive and metacognitive factors. Of the examined predictive factors, metacognitions were the most important predictor of IGD severity. Exploratory moderator analyses showed significant interactions between three predictors of IGD (reappraisal, negative metacognitions, and cognitive salience) with loneliness, stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Reappraisal was the most frequent predictor and had a significant interaction with these variables. Other predictors independently impacted IGD irrespective of the level of loneliness, stress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms. Based on these findings, special attention to metacognitive, cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors is suggested in the treatment of IGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-risk organizations, such as chemical companies, are urged to engage in long-term, dialogic community relations with local residents. Community engagement can establish organizational legitimacy and help to address local concerns. However, stakeholders may be skeptical toward communication efforts made by high-risk organizations, especially during crisis situations. This qualitative study explores whether two Belgian communities are skeptical of the communication efforts made by chemical companies regarding pollution crises, what motives they attribute to the crisis communication, and which communication characteristics shape those attributions. In-depth interviews with 47 local community members reveal that the crisis communication efforts were considered self-serving and attributed to corporate concerns over (a) legitimacy, (b) financial consequences and (c) legal liability. Interviewees believed that these self-serving motives took precedence over public interests. This study also describes communication cues that triggered or strengthened suspicions. Practical recommendations are proposed for chemical companies to improve relationships with local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior works note that identifying problematic play is a leading barrier to treatment seeking, contributing to low treatment rates in those with gambling problems (e.g., Bijker et al., 2022; Suurvali et al., 2012a). While research has looked at treatment seekers' motives for treatment (Gainsbury et al., 2014; Suurvali et al., 2012b), the situations or signs (anticipated motives) individuals look for that suggest they would need treatment in the future remains unknown. Participants were gamblers (N = 1,791) from a census-matched U.S. sample of adults who reported no concerns about their gambling. Participants completed questions assessing how much money they would have to lose while gambling to think they might have a problem and what factors might motivate them to pursue treatment for gambling problems in the future. Participants reported a wide range of financial loss that would suggest they had a problem, and higher income men who gambled more frequently reported higher necessary losses. There was little variation in endorsement (40–60%) of 14 situations that may lead them to seek treatment in the future (e.g., felt guilty). However, income, gender identity, and problem gambling behavior were linked to the endorsement of some of these anticipated motives, with some differences in endorsement between those engaging in high- and low-level problem gambling. Collectively, results are consistent with the inference that many individuals may not be aware of what problematic gambling would look like for them, though income, gender identity, and problem gambling behavior may impact their consideration of anticipated motives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are studies on moonlighting, but literature is scarce on moonlighting wages and its determinants. To know the factors that influence the secondary job payments for higher education, this study selected a sample from all the public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in multi-stages with a total of 656 teachers. The independent variables consisted of the wage rate in the primary job, the income from all other sources, education level, job grade, supply of labour to the secondary market, experience, and the motives behind moonlighting. Outcomes of regression show that an hour increase in the supply of labour to the second job decreases the wage rate by nearly 15 rupees. The only motive for enjoying a second job is receiving a significantly high per-hour wage and this motive weakens the decreasing effect of increased supply to moonlighting jobs when estimated as the interaction between the two variables. Although a professor gets an 88-rupee higher wage than a non-professor, an increase in his supply of labour has a payment of 56 rupees in interaction effect. However, he gets a great amount if he increases his supply of labour because he enjoys the second job. In the case of education, positing only a master's degree results in a lesser wage than a higher degree. The results give useful insights into the higher education secondary market and wage determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past three decades, the countries of the Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) have achieved significant growth in terms of the volume of outward foreign direct investments (OFDI). Nonetheless, the effect of the host country location determinants and institutional quality on OFDI has not been examined sufficiently for these countries. The main objective of this study is to estimate the effect of the host country location determinants and institutional quality on OFDI from CESEE countries. This study is based on Dunning's OLI paradigm and it has been expanded by addition of institutional theory. The empirical estimate is based on a sample of eight CESEE countries and a panel analysis for the period 2001–2021. The results of the estimate show that most of the location determinants (gross domestic product, technological assets and research and development) and all institutional determinants (government effectiveness, political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, control of corruption, regulatory quality, economic freedom, labour freedom, trade freedom and investment freedom) of the host country (in Europe, not the world) have a significant effect on OFDI from CESEE countries. It was also found that OFDI flows from these countries had mostly been motivated by efficiency-seeking and strategic asset-seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting a person-centered approach, this article identifies different types of instant messaging (IM) users based on their underlying usage motives (social, hedonistic, and utilitarian) as maximizers, social groomers, entertainment seekers, or minimalists. It also explores users' value priorities as determinants of this classification. Focusing on the social experiences of two types of users who actively employ IM for social purposes (maximizers and social groomers), this study extends the stimulation hypothesis. Whereas stimulation effects emerge for social groomers, whose social experiences on IM are overwhelmingly positive, they do not arise for maximizers, whose IM social experiences are more ambivalent. Maximizers' more ambivalent social experiences significantly predict lower relationship satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although not yet recognized as an official disorder, Social Media Disorder (SMD) has recently received considerable interest in the research. However, relatively little is known about underlying motives for social media use and to what extent motives show differential associations with SMD symptom severity and SMD diagnosis. The overall aim of the present study was therefore to examine motives for social media use in relation to (1) which motives are most common, (2) associations between motives and both SMD symptom severity and SMD diagnosis, and (3) the effects of sex and age. Methods: Data were collected through a digital survey (n = 1820) and included both high school students (n = 924) and university students (n = 896). Six different motives were assessed, and SMD was measured in relation to both Heavy Involvement and Negative Consequences of social media use. Results: The results showed that the most common social media use motives were Entertainment, Social Maintenance, and Information and Skills. However, it was the three least common motives - Social Compensation, Self-status, and Escape - that were most strongly associated with SMD symptom severity and SMD diagnosis. These three motives explained as much as 42% of the variance in negative consequences of social media use. Only a few small effects of sex or age were found. Discussion: Some social media use motives are much more strongly associated with SMD than others are. This could indicate that prevention and intervention programs should target these motives specifically, rather than focusing on social media use in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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