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In Islamic teachings, Zakat is a pivot approach for dealing with social issues like poverty in society by allocating a specific amount of wealth to the recipients as an obligation to those who can have a Nisab. This research makes an effort to assess the collection and disbursement system of zakat in Pakistan and Malaysia. The variables that make up this research are as: Firstly, reliable legal sources have been reviewed to describe the history of the zakat system in both countries. Secondly, the collection and disbursement system of Zakat has been outlined sequentially. Thirdly, the merits and drawbacks of the Zakat systems in both countries have been brought to light. Finally, the two countries zakat practices have been compared, with the goal of determining which is better. As a result, Pakistan's Zakat system needs to be rectified in comparison to Malaysia. However, it is encouraging that the proportion of Zakat collected in both countries is increasing year after year. But unfortunately, Pakistan has not been able to completely get rid of poverty and Malaysia is slightly less. It is hoped that this study will be crucial in highlighting the elegance of the Islamic Zakat system as well as a beneficial advancement in the Zakat system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arab-Israeli conflict and the circumstances in the region were significantly impacted by the 1967 conflict, often known as the Six-Day War. This study attempts to offer recommendations by exploring the trend and characteristics of Arab-Israeli conflict as the conflict become increasingly multiplex. Thus, the main objective of this study is to visualize trends in research on Arab-Israeli conflict from 1967 to 2022. This study examined quantitative and qualitative bibliometric data using descriptive and visual methods. The bibliometric data was retrieved from the Scopus database (the largest inter-disciplinary database in social sciences), and the authors ran a number of analyses on it using Biblioshiny via the R-Studio and VOSviewer software. As a result, this article will shed light on the most recent trend and features of Arab-Israeli research published in the Scopus database. The analysis shows that Israel and the United State of America (USA) have become the top countries that have played a major role in creating collaborative research on Arab-Israeli conflict. Furthermore, the study highlights the increase in publication on this topic over the past decade and the growing interdisciplinary approach among scholars including psychological aspect and normalization aspect in terms of conflict management. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first bibliometric study of Arab-Israeli conflict materials in Scopus. As a result, it will assist academics in broadening and deepening their studies on Arab-Israeli relations, so raising their chances of attaining a permanent peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This paper attempts to explore the transformations taken by madrasah, especially in preparing students both in religious and academic field. Besides, this paper aims to demonstrate measures taken by madrasah in instilling the religious and racial cohesion far from conservatism and extremism that has always been labeled to their students. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is qualitative in nature. It is a library research and uses historical method in collecting the data. Some relevant literatures and data have been analyzed and presented in this paper. Findings: Madrasah in Singapore has always been perceived in a negative nuance because of its ineffectiveness and irrelevant roles in economic building. The conservative and traditional madrasah education system is also seen to impede Singapore's religious and racial cohesion. The struggle increases prior to the implementation of compulsory education (CE) policy in 2001, where madrasah was almost forced to closure. Originality/value: Islamic education in Singapore can be observed evolving through three phases: colonial period where it adopted the secular system, post-colonial with the traditional system and, currently, the transformation period with its integrated syllabus.

During Trump’s administration, the United States has introduced a peace plan in the Middle East known as the “Deal of the Century” (DOTC). The DOTC was a plan to propose a “solution” for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The plan has invited criticisms following Trump’s administration which recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and moved the US embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. What was the content of the peace plan and how will it be implemented? Why such a decision has been taken by Trump? Will Joe Biden, who is now replacing Trump as the US President, continue with the DOTC plan? To answer these questions, this paper aims to examine the content of the deal and analyze its impacts on the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and stability in the Middle East region. To achieve this objective, critical content analysis has been made on the DOTC peace plan as well as existing reports and studies related to DOTC. Basically, the content of the DOTC peace plan gave more advantage to Israel, which indicates the US’ pro-Israel attitude. The deal will further complicate the peace process between Israel and Palestine because it only benefits one side. In addition, the DOTC also has the potential to cause a remapping process of the Middle East and invite the involvement of regional powers. This paper argues DOTC as a failed project because it was unable to attract the stakeholders to the negotiation. The deal is expected not to be continued by Biden who is likely to come up with his own peace plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ottoman Empire is a multi-cultural and multi-lingual empire that influenced not only the Muslim Nations but even non-Muslims, particularly in Europe. This might have been achieved because of the direct and indirect connection between the Ottomans and the nations. In this regard, Malaysia is not an exception. Although various authors and academics contributed to analysing issues relating to the connection between the Malay Archipelago and the Ottomans, particularly on diplomatic relations, the details of the impacts of Ottoman civilizations in contemporary Malaysia have been largely overlooked. This idea generated interest in the topic. This research, therefore, intends to evaluate the impact of Ottoman civilizations on religion, education, science, and technology in contemporary Malaysia. The research uses qualitative methods in the form of historical research. The usage of documentary method is used for data collection and evaluation. The findings reveal that Ottoman civilization had a lasting impact on contemporary Malaysia, especially in education and religion in which a special prayer is recited for the well-being of Sultan at the end of the Khutbah of every Jumu’ah Prayer. In addition, the findings show that the impact of Ottoman civilization on contemporary Malaysia is exemplified in science and technology, as well as the architectural building of the Mosque in which Masjid Wilayah, Kuala Lumpur Mosque is called a Turkish Mosque because of its design which has huge resemblance to the Masjid Hagia Sophia in Istanbul and International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM) represents the Ottoman symbols. On the other hand, Johor, a state in the south of Malaysia represents the Ottoman civilization more than any ex-provinces of the Ottoman territories. Finally, the findings indicate that the provision of conveniences (toilets) in public places, in Malaysian Mosques, Markets, and Supermarkets whether owned by Muslims or non-Muslims, are all influenced by the Ottoman civilizations. This research, therefore, recommends that researchers should further look at other aspects within the city and its outskirt to identify the impact of the Ottoman civilization on contemporary Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservatism is a political philosophy that tends to preserve traditions and reject drastic change. Türkiye has a long experience of political conservatism due to the Kemalists’ radical secularization. The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi-AK PARTİ) is an entity that recently champions political conservatism in Türkiye. Despite having many differences, Türkiye and Malaysia share similarities as progressive, modern, and democratic Muslim countries. This paper aims to discuss AK PARTİ’s political conservatism and analyze to what extent it can be made as an example for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. To fulfill this objective, primary and secondary sources related to AK PARTİ’s conservatism discourse have been referred to be used as the basis of analysis of lessons that can be taken for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. The comparative analysis method has also been used to compare the context of Türkiye and Malaysia to understand the limitations of lessons that Malaysia can learn based on the experience of conservatism in Türkiye. As a party with a conservative democratic ideology, AK PARTİ manages to uphold political conservatism within the context of modern democracy. This success results from a synthesis between the demands of conservatism and democracy. The political conservatism in Türkiye can be made as an example for Malaysia, especially in preserving Islam as the federal religion, the existence of the king institution, the Malay-Muslim identity, and the true essence of Islam as a societal-unifying force. This paper argues that in the Malaysia context, conservatism is an important political philosophy to be upheld in order to preserve the harmony and stability of the plural society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of harem institution has been a subject of interest among researchers on the Ottoman era for the reason of extraordinary involvement of women in administrative affairs of Ottoman politics, military and international relations. The emergence of some prominent Ottoman female figures such as Hurrem Sultan, Kosem Sultan and Turhan Sultan proved that the harem institution is very significant and dynamic.Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the history of the Ottoman harem institution in general, besides analysing related issues on its role in the social and political aspects. This research uses a qualitative approach through the methods of historical study and content analysis, in gathering and analysing information from relevant materials and academic sources. From the results of the study, this research argues that the main role of the harem institution in the social aspect is the segregation of women to assigned spaces. In the political aspect, the harem has a significant effect on Ottoman administrative affairs, particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries. The harem institution was responsible for the continuity of administration, by giving birth to heirs for the throne and shaping a new dimension for the Ottoman’s international relations or external affairs through the role of diplomatic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the roles of 'ulamā' in propagating the message of Islam in the Malay world. Islam managed to reach many corners of the Malay world in the 17th century. Evidence has indicated that 'ulamā' were among those who had participated actively in propagating the messages of Islam to the local people. Classical Malay texts served as the best available records to understand the roles of these 'ulamā' at that time. Hence, analysis are made on selected classical Malay texts in order to understand the actual roles played by the 'ulamā' in the Malay world at that time in transforming the understanding of the local Malay people from the beliefs in Hindu-Buddhist and animism to Islam. Three significant roles of the 'ulamā' at that time have been identified namely propagating knowledge to the local people, religious advisors to the rulers as well as engaging with the non-Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at describing the civilizational dimension of Muhammadiyah's contribution which has not made an adequate attention. By the use of historical-philosophical approach and educational theories of social reconstruction, this paper, argues that the educational thought of Muhammadiyah is always influenced by the dynamic and religious development thought (ideology) emerging in Muhammadiyah. This paper is using a qualitative approach, where most of the data were collected through a library research mechanism. This study shows that first, Muhammadiyah education is a modern Islamic education which is based on the spirit of Islam Berkemajuan [Progressive Islam] aiming to reconstruct a timeworn public order to a new society. Therefore, Islam Berkemajuan is not only monolithic in its sociological reality but also expands its meaning to reconstruct the social economic, political and cultural development according to the age. Second, the Muhammadiyah's philosophy of education is based on two foundations, namely the theology of al-Ma'un and the theology of al- 'Ashr which both of them are derived from the idea of KH. Ahmad Dahlan, the founder of Muhammadiyah. Both the theological bases become the anchor of the thinking and practice of the education of Muhammadiyah. Third, the purpose of education in Muhammadiyah is that to grow or develop the "Ma'rifat quotient" (the consciousness of divinity) which later becomes the cornerstone of the birth of the cosmopolitan and humanitarian ethos of Muhammadiyah. Both of the ethics manifest in the work of the Muhammadiyah social issues of civilization, health, economic, political, philanthropic, disaster relief, community empowerment and many others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses Islam as a religion of tolerance and dialogue based on textual analysis and historical interpretation of the Qur'an and Sunnah. It also supports its case by exploring the behaviour of early Muslim rulers towards those belonging to other religions. The study highlights that Islam plays a unique role in promoting religious tolerance and dialogue by providing freedom, justice and equal rights for all irrespective of their religion, culture and civilisation. Though some Qur'anic verses and the Prophetic traditions seem to be contradictory to dialogue and tolerance, upon examination, they are contextualised to particular contexts and circumstances. The study concludes that the teachings of the Qur'an, the Prophetic traditions and the treatment of early Muslim rulers support that Islam plays a vital role in promoting tolerance, dialogue and interreligious harmony in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of studies show that, in Malaysia, women continue to make significant contributions to the country's economic and social development. Moreover, women's access to health and education has increased rapidly over the years. However, some studies claim that socioeconomic discrimination against Muslim women persists. Although several factors contribute to this discrimination, fatwas (a legal opinion of Muslim jurists on Muslim affairs) are accused of discriminating against Muslim women in Malaysia such as prohibiting the appointment of female judges in shariah courts, employment of women for night shifts i.e. in the electronic factories, police force, and hospitals. Women's socio-economic participation is important as it empowers them and creates gender equality. This paper reviews 16 fatwas on five topics relevant to women's socio-economic participation in Malaysia issued by 11 state muftis (who issue fatwa) during the period of 1970 to 2012 in order to realize whether they hamper their participation. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, this paper concludes that fatwas had neither affected their socio-economic participation nor shaped their life negatively. This paper is hoped to positively shape the society's impression of fatwas and help Muslim women in Malaysia abide to Islamic teachings by realizing the good impacts of fatwas issued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine historical accounts relating to Umar Ibn al-Khattab's visit to Bayt al-Maqdis, by focusing on the reasons, aims and objectives. Multiple historical sources with diverse accounts have posed a challenge to modern researchers in determining the accuracy and validy of issues surrounding Umar's visit to Bayt al-Maqdis. Therefore in this paper the authors gather all the available reasons, compare them and try to link them with the surrounding situation. At the same time, the authors provide explanations of the reasons for the great contradictions among the Islamic sources and accounts. In addition, the reasons behind the different visits of Umar's to Syria and the work he carried out in each visit is reported and explained. Through the analysis of the early sources, the authors also discuss and analyse the views of some modern researchers who have dealt with this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arab League which was established in March 22, 1945 is an international governmental organization comprising 22 Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The organization was established from the idea of Arab nationalism (also known as Pan - Arabism), is an organizati on that aims to put an end to the domination of Europe in the administration of Arab countries in the Middle East and bring consensus among these Arab countries. Serve d as an organization that is responsi ble and involved in the issues such as political, ec onomic, cult ural and social of the country, the Arab League member states also faced with the current demands of globalization. This paper aims to discuss the history of Arab League involvement in confronting the issue of Palestine - Israel since the establi shment of the organization until current time. Palestine's membership in the Arab League started in the 1970s through the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to some extent attract the involvement of the Arab Leag ue in the Palestinian conflict with Isr ael. Overall, the writing of this study using qualitative research methods based on data retrieval and document analysis. The study shows that the Arab League involved in finding solutions to Palestine - Israel conflict , however it is less effective because the majority of the Arab states has established a diplomatic relation with Israel and recognized its status in the Middle East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of human rights is the main issue for every country around the world, including the rights of women in politics. Women's participation in politics and elections in Malaysia showed an improvement and change. They are capable and have the right to join political parties, including participating in the election as a candidate. This paper discussed the rights of women involved in the process of democracy and got their rights according to the Constitution of Malaysia. The focus of this study is to show how to support women's and interpret human rights in the context of political life in Malaysia through the involvement of women in the electoral process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the physical transformations during the time of British Administration of Palestine occurred demographically, as a land that was once inhabited by a majority of Arabs was completely transferred into a Jewish dominated region in the space of only three decades and which had made possible the formation of the state of Israel. This paper will discuss different official records that provide information on the population of Palestine during the British Mandate and several matters pertaining to the sources of the selected data. This article will mostly be expository and focused on the historical records, while the related events warranted a more lengthy discussion and thus is beyond its scope. The method applied in this study is the historical method. The findings highlight some of the issues that exist within the scope of Palestine demographic study, particularly from the historical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversion to Islam has always been associated with getting married with non-Muslim partner. This phenomenon is best illustrated in the life experience of Muslim converts at the study area of "Sabah", East Malaysia. The relationship between these two phenomena is obviously seen at the stage of pre-conversion and post-conversion. At the pre-conversion stage, getting married with the Muslim spouse became the leading factor of conversion to Islam despite the other elements of rational and non-relational factors. At the stage of post-conversion, the problem of interaction arose within the private domain of Muslim convert's families. To prove this argument, data was collected through in-depth interviews with selected Muslim converts in Kota Kinabalu, "Sabah". The findings showed that there were four types of interactions in Muslim convert-family relation. These were categorized as contentious, neutral, accommodative and supportive interactions. The study concluded that the conversion to Islam due to intermarriage in "Sabah" region led to social integration in Muslim-non-Muslim relation as it appeared that as the result of the conversion process and its consequences both parties were able to live harmoniously together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]