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Abstract This paper describes a catalog of simultaneous observations of the Earth's magnetosheath by ESA's Cluster and NASA's MMS missions. The catalog is built from a visual inspection of summary plots provided by the two missions complemented by an analysis of high‐resolution magnetic field data. The catalog includes 117 events when Cluster 4 and MMS 4 crossed simultaneously the magnetosheath between January–April, 2017–2021. The dynamical and turbulent features of the magnetosheath are strongly influenced by θBn, the angle between the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the shock normal direction. To facilitate such investigations, we also determine the bow shock geometry for each event based on two different approaches: (a) a minimum variance analysis of in‐situ magnetic field measurements, and (b) a geometrical approach which considers a bow shock model parameterized by OMNI data. A description of spacecraft trajectory during each event is also provided. Additional data describe the relative distances between Cluster 4 and MMS 4, a classification of each event as either quasi‐parallel or quasi‐perpendicular, and the distribution of events per magnetospheric flank. The time intervals for the Cluster ‐ MMS conjunctions are included in the catalog, as well as all associated figures and tables discussed in this paper are made available through an independent online data repository, and can be freely downloaded and used by any interested researcher.

Latar Belakang: Tingkat kepatuhan merupakan indikator keberhasilan program pemberian MMS maupun TTD. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan yaitu tingkat pengetahuan, daya terima konsumsi, daya terima karakteristik, dan dukungan keluarga. Tujuan: Menganalisa hubungan dan perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan dalam konsumsi MMS maupun TTD pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mulyorejo Surabaya. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain kohort prospektif. Terdapat dua kelompok sampel yaitu kelompok konsumsi MMS dan kelompok konsumsi TTD dengan jumlah 24 sampel tiap kelompok yang dialokasikan secara random dan dipantau selama 30 hari. Variabel independen yaitu jenis suplemen sedangkan dependen yaitu tingkat kepatuhan. Variabel luar terdiri dari tingkat pengetahuan, efek samping, daya terima konsumsi, daya terima karakteristik, dan dukungan keluarga. Analisis perbandingan menggunakan Mann Whitney sedangkan analisis hubungan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Rata-rata tingkat kepatuhan ibu hamil konsumsi MMS lebih tinggi yaitu 79% dibandingkan dengan TTD yaitu 71,2%. Namun, tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan diantara keduanya (p-value=0,400). Tingkat pengetahuan, daya terima konsumsi, dan daya terima karakteristik tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan (p-value>0,05). Rata-rata dukungan keluarga kelompok MMS lebih tinggi yaitu 34,9 dibandingkan kelompok TTD yaitu 32,2. Tingkat pengetahuan dan daya terima konsumsi berhubungan dengan tingkat kepatuhan (p-value0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat kepatuhan, tingkat pengetahuan, dan daya terima pada kelompok MMS tetapi rata-rata dukungan keluarga kelompok MMS lebih tinggi daripada kelompok TTD. Tingkat pengetahuan dan daya terima konsumsi berhubungan dengan tingkat kepatuhan. Namun, tidak dengan dukungan keluarga.

Healthcare access greatly impacts skin cancer diagnosis and mortality rates. Recognition of current disparities in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) access can assist future policy and clinical decisions to correct them. For the years 2014-2018, the CPT codes for MMS (17,311 and 17,313) were counted on a per county level across the United States per the Medicare Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Prescriber Database. Any county with 0 MMS CPT codes recorded were classified as without MMS cases. MMS hotspots were identified as counties that possessed a high average number of MMS cases compared to the national average, while also being surrounded by counties that possessed a low average number of MMS cases compared to the national average. Three thousand eighty-four counties in the United States were analyzed; 785 (25%) counties were designated as with MMS cases and 2301 (75%) without MMS cases. There were no significant differences in age, ethnicity distribution, or cost per enrollee between the two designations. 74% of counties with MMS cases were considered urban, while only 25% of those without cases were urban (p

Abstract The DNA damage response is a highly conserved protective mechanism that enables cells to cope with various lesions in the genome. Extensive studies across different eukaryotic cells have identified the crucial roles played by components required for response to DNA damage. When compared to the essential signal transducers and repair factors in the DNA damage response circuitry, the negative regulators and underlying mechanisms of this circuitry have been relatively under-examined. In this study, we investigated Gst1, a putative glutathione transferase in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We found that under stress caused by the DNA damage agent MMS, GST1 expression was significantly upregulated, and this upregulation was further enhanced by the loss of the checkpoint kinases and DNA repair factors. Somewhat counterintuitively, deletion of GST1 conferred increased resistance to MMS, potentially via enhancing the phosphorylation of Rad53. Furthermore, overexpression of RAD53 or deletion of GST1 resulted in upregulated transcription of DNA damage repair genes, including CAS1, RAD7, and RAD30, while repression of RAD7 transcription in the GST1 deletion reversed the strain’s heightened resistance to MMS. Finally, Gst1 physically interacted with Rad53, and their interaction weakened in response to MMS-induced stress. Overall, our findings suggest a negative regulatory role for GST1 in DNA damage response in C. albicans, and position Gst1 within the Rad53-mediated signaling pathway. These findings hold significant implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying the DNA damage response in this fungal pathogen and supply new potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Graphical Abstract

Point clouds acquired by Mobile Mapping System (MMS) are useful for creating 3D maps that can be used for autonomous driving and infrastructure development. However, many applications require semantic labels to each point of the point clouds, and the manual labeling process is very time consuming and expensive. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop a method to automatically assigning semantic labels. For automatic labeling tasks, classification methods using multiscale features are effective because multiscale features include features of various scales of roadside objects. Multiscale features are calculated using points inside spheres of multiscale radii centered at each point in a point cloud. When calculating multiscale features that are useful for classifying MMS point clouds, it is necessary to calculate features using relatively large radii. However, when calculating multiscale features using wide range of neighbor points, existing methods, such as kd-tree, require unacceptably long computation time for neighbor search. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate multiscale features in practical time for semantic labeling of large-scale point clouds. In our method, an MMS point cloud is first divided into small spherical regions. Then, radius search using multiscale radii is performed, and multiscale features are calculated using those neighbor points. Our experimental results showed that our method achieved significantly faster computational performance than conventional methods, and multiscale features could be calculated from large-scale point clouds in practical time.

Metacognition is one of the vital competencies to seize the opportunities and overcome the challenges of twenty-first century; however, there is no precise definition of metacognition and it is a fuzzy concept. While classic, descriptive and procedural models try to describe the nature and ingredients of metacognition, theoretical clarity in terms of better definition and representation of its components is needed. This study by adopting theoretical models of metacognition through the Plan-Do-Check-Act principles (as a management instrument) proposes a conceptual framework, "Metacognition Management System (MMS)" that consolidates components, functions, and processes of metacognition in a single window. Then, impacts of a multidimensional intervention designed based on the MMS concept (MMS Training Course) provided in 12 hours, on 31 students' metacognitive competencies was investigated using quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design. The large effect size ("Partial n[superscript 2 = 0.939," 95% confidence interval) implied that MMS training course has a statistically significant impact on metacognitive competencies. This study has implications for further theoretical and experimental researches on the configuration and application of the MMS as well as designing multidimensional metacognitive intervention.

Community service through the Bestee program assistance aims to increase the competitiveness of customers who are Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) MMS Rambipuji. Through various forms of structured and sustainable mentoring, this program focuses on providing the necessary knowledge, skills, and human resource training for MSME actors in optimizing and developing their business activities. So that it can improve the standard of living and economy of MSME customers. The method of implementing this service uses socialization of Bestee programs, training, and mentoring. The evaluation instrument of this activity uses a questionnaire and is analyzed descriptively. The results of this service show that the mentoring of this Bestee program has a significant impact on changing the thinking and strategies of MSME actors. This mentoring includes improving marketing strategies, business identity, and good management, including financial management, human resources, and business operations. Focusing on improving understanding of proper management and strategies as well as modern marketing can help MSME actors reach a wider range of consumers and increase sales.

Abstract The terrestrial bow shock is the boundary where supersonic solar wind slows down abruptly near the magnetopause. The shock front geometry could be modulated by surface waves to form rippled structures, which impact the acceleration process of the solar wind particles. However, the rippled structures are hard to be identified unambiguously due to the similar signatures in single‐spacecraft observations between rippled shocks and reforming shocks. Here, we utilize the four‐spacecraft observations from the MMS mission to investigate an event of quasi‐perpendicular bow shock crossing. The periodic oscillations of shock normal directions and normal velocities support the scenario of surface wave propagation in the tangential direction. We also reconstruct the shock profile along the normal direction, and its monotonic shape further excludes the occurrence of shock reformation. These ripples are found to modulate the reflected ions and whistler wave packets, which adds to the complexity of the bow shock plasma environments.

Abstract Bone defects remain a significant challenge in clinical orthopedics, but no targeted medication can solve these problems. Inspired by inflammatory targeting properties of macrophages, inflammatory microenvironment of bone defects was exploited to develop a multifunctional nanocarrier capable of targeting bone defects and promoting bone regeneration. The avidin-modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BP-Avidin, BPAvi) were combined with biotin-modified Icaritin (ICT-Biotin, ICTBio) to synthesize Icaritin (ICT)-loaded black phosphorus nanosheets (BPICT). BPICT was then coated with macrophage membranes (MMs) to obtain MMs-camouflaged BPICT (M@BPICT). Herein, MMs allowed BPICT to target bone defects area, and BPICT accelerated the release of phosphate ions (PO4 3−) and ICT when exposed to NIR irradiation. PO4 3− recruited calcium ions (Ca2+) from the microenvironment to produce Ca3(PO4)2, and ICT increased the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins. Additionally, M@BPICT can decrease M1 polarization of macrophage and expression of pro-inflammatory factors to promote osteogenesis. According to the results, M@BPICT provided bone growth factor and bone repair material, modulated inflammatory microenvironment, and activated osteogenesis-related signaling pathways to promote bone regeneration. PTT could significantly enhance these effects. This strategy not only offers a solution to the challenging problem of drug-targeted delivery in bone defects but also expands the biomedical applications of MMs-camouflaged nanocarriers. Graphical Abstract

Modern engineers face the challenges of complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity as three fundamental aspects of post-industrial technology. Hence, meta-subjective cognitive skills, critical thinking and creativity become no less important than professional knowledge acquired in vocational training. The better conditions for the development of these skills can be found if a contextual approach in teaching/learning is incorporated into the engineering curriculum. The article discusses the strategies for involving students in active learning activities while studying Mechanism and Machine Science (MMS) and developing students' cognitive competencies and metacognitive skills. Following the contextual approach, one can find that the simulation of mechanisms and the use of virtual labs form a powerful methodology to help learners better understand theory concepts. They provide students with a means of deeper numerical analysis and stimulate independent learning activity. Simulation and modeling of MMS products contribute greatly in students' comprehension of kinematics and dynamics of mechanisms. Another milestone of contextual approach is a creative problem-based learning that has been shown to be effective in education. However, creative problem-based learning is not in a focus of MMS courses yet. Brainstorming, TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving, it sometimes occasionally goes by the English acronym TIPS), Synectics, and other creative problem-solving methods can be adapted for the active MMS learning. The article suggests the adaptation of SCAMPER, a method for solving several problems concerning structural analysis, kinematics, and gear trains.

Teledermatology is an emerging field withindermatology that has allowed for increased access to care through web portals such as MyChart. MyChart is a password-protected website that offers patients 24-hour access to personal health information and permits patients to send messages and photographs pertaining to their medical concerns.MMS is a microscopically controlled surgery used to treat skin cancers such as Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), and Melanoma.Mohs surgeons have increasingly utilized such portals post-operatively to keep track of patient progress2, but there has been sparse research that analyzes the characteristics of patient-initiated electronic and telephone communication after MMS. This study identifies the attributes and factors that contribute to patient-initiated contact after MMS.

The United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation (UNIMMAP) of a multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS) for pregnant women is a proven evidence-based nutrition intervention and is listed on the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines. The 2024 revision of the Expert Consensus on an Open-Access UNIMMAP MMS Product Specification provides both purchasers and manufacturers with unified guidance on the production of UNIMMAP MMS. More specifically, it outlines the minimum requirements for the manufacture of UNIMMAP MMS and provides guidance on quality and regulatory standards based on whether the product is manufactured as a medicinal product or a dietary supplement. The product specification includes ingredients, excipients/food additives, and processing aids used in manufacturing UNIMMAP MMS; stability testing for different climatic zones; packaging and labeling considerations; pharmacopeial standards, manufacturing practices, certificates of analysis, change control, and quality agreement; finished product test specifications, including tablet characterization and purity/strength assay; analytical test methods; and storage and transportation requirements., (© 2024 The Author(s). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The New York Academy of Sciences.)

Abstract The MMS satellites traversed a ∼6 di‐wide and ∼500 km/s southward reconnection exhaust at the dayside magnetopause on 6 December 2015 and ∼29 di from the associated X‐line region. A narrow ∼0.26–0.34 di layer of enhanced ±3.5 nW/m3 oscillating energy conversion perpendicular to the magnetic field resides in this exhaust. It contained two regions of diverging in‐plane electric fields in general agreement with two clockwise electron flow vortices and a proposed increase of the electron vorticity ∇ × Ve. The layer developed sunward of a unipolar Hall magnetic field for a duskward BM/BL ∼ 0.9 guide field. Each electron flow vortex supported a local ∆BM ∼ 10 nT strengthening of this Hall field. The presence of this electron‐scale layer in a southward exhaust for a duskward guide field is consistent with a two‐dimensional simulation of a similar structure that evolved from an X‐line into a northward exhaust for a similar strength dawnward guide field.

This paper describes a catalog of simultaneous observations of the Earth's magnetosheath by ESA's Cluster and NASA's MMS missions. The catalog is built from a visual inspection of summary plots provided by the two missions complemented by an analysis of high‐resolution magnetic field data. The catalog includes 117 events when Cluster 4 and MMS 4 crossed simultaneously the magnetosheath between January–April, 2017–2021. The dynamical and turbulent features of the magnetosheath are strongly influenced by θBn, the angle between the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the shock normal direction. To facilitate such investigations, we also determine the bow shock geometry for each event based on two different approaches: (a) a minimum variance analysis of in‐situ magnetic field measurements, and (b) a geometrical approach which considers a bow shock model parameterized by OMNI data. A description of spacecraft trajectory during each event is also provided. Additional data describe the relative distances between Cluster 4 and MMS 4, a classification of each event as either quasi‐parallel or quasi‐perpendicular, and the distribution of events per magnetospheric flank. The time intervals for the Cluster ‐ MMS conjunctions are included in the catalog, as well as all associated figures and tables discussed in this paper are made available through an independent online data repository, and can be freely downloaded and used by any interested researcher. Key Points: We use in‐situ measurements from Cluster 4 and MMS 4 to build a catalog/database of simultaneous observations of the Earth's magnetosheathEmpirical models and minimum variance analysis of the magnetic field allow for an estimation of the bow‐shock orientation for each eventWe also provide details on the relative spacecraft position and an analysis of the bow‐shock geometry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Um produto conhecido pela sigla MMS (do inglês Mineral Miracle Solution) ganhou a atenção da mídia brasileira em maio de 2019 após ter sido associado como falsa cura para o autismo, apesar de não haver evidências científicas de sua eficácia e diversos relatos associados às consequências negativas de seu uso. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar vídeos do YouTube que estimulavam ou não o uso da substância antes e após as reportagens. Foram analisados 88 vídeos selecionados pelo filtro de relevância e em aba anônima. A maior parte dos vídeos foi postada por usuários comuns (82,95%) e 62,50% estimulavam o consumo do MMS, apesar da maioria (60,23%) não mencionar os riscos de uso. Chama a atenção que 23,64% dos vídeos indicavam local de compra das substâncias que compõem o MMS e que 93,75% dos vídeos publicados após as reportagens eram contra o consumo do produto, apesar da menor popularidade. O uso de mídias sociais como fonte de informação tem sido cada vez mais frequente, apesar da baixa qualidade das informações veiculadas, tornando importante que profissionais de saúde, instituições sanitárias e de ensino se apropriem dessas ferramentas, além dos próprios administradores das redes sociais estabelecerem mecanismos de verificação e exclusão de conteúdos falsos.

The terrestrial bow shock is the boundary where supersonic solar wind slows down abruptly near the magnetopause. The shock front geometry could be modulated by surface waves to form rippled structures, which impact the acceleration process of the solar wind particles. However, the rippled structures are hard to be identified unambiguously due to the similar signatures in single‐spacecraft observations between rippled shocks and reforming shocks. Here, we utilize the four‐spacecraft observations from the MMS mission to investigate an event of quasi‐perpendicular bow shock crossing. The periodic oscillations of shock normal directions and normal velocities support the scenario of surface wave propagation in the tangential direction. We also reconstruct the shock profile along the normal direction, and its monotonic shape further excludes the occurrence of shock reformation. These ripples are found to modulate the reflected ions and whistler wave packets, which adds to the complexity of the bow shock plasma environments. Plain Language Summary: Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous structures in the space and astrophysical plasma environments where significant energy conversion occurs between electromagnetic energy, kinetic energy, and thermal energy. These structures often exhibit nonstationary signatures, from which important information on the associated plasma dynamics can be extracted. In this paper, we report the spacecraft observations of a bow shock crossing with periodic enhancements of the magnetic field strength. Such signatures have been previously attributed either to the rippled shock structures or to the shock reformation process. These two potential processes are examined via simultaneous observations at four different locations, which shows the periodic oscillations of the local shock normal directions indicative of rippled rather than reforming shocks. We also show that the rippled shocks could spatially modulate the reflected ions and whistler wave packets, so they can also be detected periodically by the spacecraft. This phenomenon has been reported on other planets across a wide range of Mach numbers, indicating that the shock ripples, universal in the plasma universe, play a critical role in impacting particle dynamics and shock evolution processes. Key Points: Periodic magnetic strength enhancements are observed during the bow shock crossing of the MMS spacecraftMulti‐spacecraft analysis supports the scenario of shock ripples rather than the shock reformation processThe surface waves alter the shock geometry, modulating the reflected ions and whistler wave packets [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of multimedia messaging service (MMS) education on exercise benefits and barriers in patients with type 2 diabetes. A quasi-experimental, pretest-post-test design recruited 98 patients with type 2 diabetes. The intervention group received MMS education to improve perceived exercise benefits and decrease exercise barriers over two months, and the control group received routine care. All patients completed a survey at three time points (baseline, 4 and 8 weeks post-intervention). The results showed that there was an improvement in both perceived life enhancement and physical performance domains in the intervention group. The exercise context barriers decreased after the first follow-up but increased during the second follow-up in the intervention group. Cohen's d values indicated a medium effect size in life enhancement (0.502) and physical performance (0.525) subscales. A small effect size was found in psychological outlook (0.196) and exercise context (0.132) subscales. However, there was no significant effect of the intervention in time expenditure (-0.244) and physical exertion (-0.119) subscales. In conclusion, theoretically based MMS health education targeting perceived exercise benefits and barriers was feasible and cost-effective in changing patients with diabetes' perceptions and intended behaviors about regular physical activity.

IEC 62351-4 standard is published to address cybersecurity vulnerabilities of IEC 61850 Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) messages. This standard includes a set of cipher suites that are recommended for securing MMS messages. However, these are only a set of recommendations. There is no work in the literature that implements them on an IEC 61850 MMS message and reports the performances. In order to fill this importance knowledge gap, this short communication reports results of implementing cipher suites recommended by IEC 62351-4 on IEC 61850 messages. In addition to implementation details, real message exchanges are demonstrated with lab experiments. Finally, changing certificate and message sizes are reported. The results show that cipher suite selection is critical as some suites have 29.67 % smaller certificate size than others. The novelty of this short communication is showing details of IEC 62351 application and relevant changes on message sizes and structures of IEC 61850 MMS messages. There is no similar work or publication showing such procedures and results.

Abstract Using the high‐time‐resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, precursor waves upstream of foreshock transient (FT) shocks are statistically investigated using the four‐spacecraft timing method. The wave frequencies and wave vectors determined in the plasma rest frame (PRF) are shown to follow the cold plasma dispersion relation for whistler waves. Combining with the feature of the right‐hand polarization in the PRF, the precursors are identified as whistler‐mode waves around the lower hybrid frequency. The occurrence of whistler precursors is independent of the Alfvén Mach number and the FT shock normal angle. More importantly, all the whistler precursors have group velocities pointing upstream in the shock frame, suggesting the dispersive radiation to be a possible generation mechanism. The study improves the understanding of not only the whistler precursors but also the overall FT shock dynamics.

Abstract Theoretical analysis has revealed a specific resonance that shares the same condition as Landau resonance, but instead involves wave electromagnetic fields rather than traditionally electrostatic fields. While this resonance, referred to as electromagnetic Landau resonance due to its properties, is considered significant for magnetospheric dynamics, rare reports or evaluations based on observations have been made thus far. Here, we present an event detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission near the dayside magnetopause. During this event, ∼748‐eV protons are observed to be in resonance with a wave. Detailed data analysis demonstrates the resonant velocity closely matches the wave's parallel phase speed, which, combined with the significant work done by wave perpendicular electric field, confirms this interaction as electromagnetic Landau resonance. Further investigation indicates these protons are being secularly accelerated within this resonance. Consequently, our observations provide the first empirical evidence supporting the previously suggested theoretical importance of the electromagnetic Landau resonance.

In this study, we examine particle energization and injections that show energetic electron enhancements at both MMS in the magnetotail and Van Allen Probes in the inner magnetosphere. Observing injections along with a corresponding flow burst allows us to better understand injections overall. Searching for suitable events, we found that only a small number of events at MMS had corresponding injections that penetrated far enough into the inner magnetosphere to observe with Van Allen Probes. With the four suitable events we did find, we compared the energy spectra at the two spacecraft and mapped the boundary of where the injection entered the inner magnetosphere. We found that, among these injections in the inner magnetosphere, the electron flux did not increase above ∼400 keV, similar to previous results, but the corresponding signatures in the tail observed increased fluxes at 600 keV or higher. There does not appear to be a comparable flux increase at Van Allen Probes and MMS for a given event. None of our injections included ion enhancements at Van Allen Probes, but one included an ion injection at geosynchronous orbit in the GOES spacecraft. All of our injections were dispersed at Van Allen Probes, and we were therefore able to map an estimate of the injection boundary. All of the injections occurred in the premidnight sector. Although we found some events where particle energizations in the tail are accompanied by inner magnetospheric injections, we do not find a statistical link between the two.

Abstract This letter uses simultaneous observations from Magnetosphere Multiscale (MMS) and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) to address the dynamics of the magnetopause and magnetosheath boundary layers during the main phase of a storm during which the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) reverses from south to north. Near the dawn terminator, MMS observes two boundary layers comprising open and closed field lines and containing energetic electrons and ring current oxygen. Some closed field line regions exhibit sunward convection, presenting an avenue to replenish dayside magnetic flux lost during the storm. Meanwhile, THEMIS observes two boundary layers in the pre‐noon sector which strongly resemble those observed at the flank by MMS. Observations from the three THEMIS spacecraft indicate the boundary layers are still evolving several hours after the IMF has turned northward. These observations advance our knowledge of the dynamic magnetopause and magnetosheath boundary layers under the combined effects of an ongoing storm and changing IMF.

Mali national policy recommends that women take iron and folic acid supplements (IFA) from the time of the first antenatal care (ANC) visit, throughout pregnancy and during the first 3 months after delivery. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated their ANC guidelines to recommend the United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation (UNIMMAP) formulation of multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) in the context of rigorous research, including implementation research. In Bamako, Mali, a codesign process was used to tailor antenatal care MMS packaging and counselling materials aimed at optimizing delivery and uptake of and adherence to MMS. This paper presents the codesign process along with the results of a post‐intervention qualitative assessment to evaluate the behaviour change intervention. At the conclusion of the intervention, we conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 24 women who had received the intervention and six pharmacy managers from the six health centres participating in the study. We conducted two focus groups with midwives who had delivered the intervention and two group discussions with family members of women who had received the intervention. Respondent perspectives reveal an easy experience transitioning from previously used IFA. Women and providers concur that the intervention counselling materials and visual aids were instrumental in influencing the perceived benefit and uptake of MMS. Family members play an influential role in pregnant women's decision‐making regarding MMS uptake. MMS and the associated implementation strategies developed through the codesign process were found to be a highly acceptable intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MMS satellites traversed a ∼6 di‐wide and ∼500 km/s southward reconnection exhaust at the dayside magnetopause on 6 December 2015 and ∼29 di from the associated X‐line region. A narrow ∼0.26–0.34 di layer of enhanced ±3.5 nW/m3 oscillating energy conversion perpendicular to the magnetic field resides in this exhaust. It contained two regions of diverging in‐plane electric fields in general agreement with two clockwise electron flow vortices and a proposed increase of the electron vorticity ∇ × Ve. The layer developed sunward of a unipolar Hall magnetic field for a duskward BM/BL ∼ 0.9 guide field. Each electron flow vortex supported a local ∆BM ∼ 10 nT strengthening of this Hall field. The presence of this electron‐scale layer in a southward exhaust for a duskward guide field is consistent with a two‐dimensional simulation of a similar structure that evolved from an X‐line into a northward exhaust for a similar strength dawnward guide field. Plain Language Summary: Magnetic reconnection is a critical process that drives large‐scale plasma convection in the Earth's magnetosphere. In this letter, we report new direct MMS observations for the presence of two electron flow vortices within a sub‐ion scale energy conversion channel that resides in a dayside magnetopause reconnection exhaust. Each of the two electron‐scale flow vortices is shown to contribute a significant fraction toward the large‐scale Hall magnetic field. Key Points: Electron‐scale 0.3 di layer of oscillating energy conversion and electron vorticity detected in 6 di wide reconnection jet 30 di from EDRTwo regions of in‐plane diverging electric field in energy conversion layer consistent with two measured clockwise electron flow vorticesOut‐of‐plane magnetic field increased ∼10 nT from each passing electron vortex immediately sunward of 50 nT unipolar Hall magnetic field [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]